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2,581 results for “amphibians”
Data from: Direct and indirect effects of pine silviculture on the larval occupancy and breeding of declining amphibian species
1. Plantation silviculture is increasing globally and is particularly intensive in temperate coniferous forests, where densely planting trees requires practices common to non-conifer systems that can alter forest floor microhabitat, and potentially threaten amphibian persistence. Most declining amphibian species depend on specific forest microhabitats as terrestrial refugia, but amphibian extirpation associated with tree harvest alone appears unlikely, suggesting that impacts of planting forests on groundcover might better predict recent declines in amphibian occupancy. 2. We repeatedly sampled larval presence or absence of 10 amphibian species native to temperate coniferous forest in the Southeastern United States for one year at 62 isolated wetlands located in either naturally regenerating or planted forest (plantation) to assess three direct ways that planted forests might reduce amphibian breeding site occupancy by: 1) increasing conifer densities, 2) decreasing groundcover, and 3) an indirect pathway, whereby increased tree densities at plantations might reduce groundcover and thus amphibian site occupancy. 3. After controlling for wetland traits and accounting for differences in detection, breeding site occupancy for 8/10 amphibian species was dependent upon whether forests were planted surrounding wetlands (within 300 m). Herbaceous groundcover, not canopy, most commonly influenced occupancy and increased occupancy for declining surface active or fossorial amphibians. 4. Path analyses showed that, by directly and indirectly reducing groundcover (via conifer densities), plantations had significantly lower occupancy of two declining surface active or fossorial frog species, whereas two common aquatic frog species were tolerant to planting conifers. Among declining species, salamanders showed a greater reduction in occupancy than anurans, likely because of greater vulnerability to the drier forest floor conditions of plantation than naturally regenerating forests. 5. Synthesis and applications: Direct negative impacts of coniferous plantation on amphibians can be addressed by limiting groundcover and soil impacts, including switching from high intensity practices, such as mechanical chopping vegetation or bedding soil, to lower intensity site preparation treatments that are less likely to significantly disturb groundcover. Indirect negative effects of dense canopy cover at planted forests could be lowered by periodically thinning canopies prior to final harvest, thus increasing intact forest groundcover and the conservation of both common and declining amphibians.
Figure 3 in Dietary ecology of common amphibian species in a seasonal location in northern Sri Lanka
Figure 3. Relationship between standardised gape width and standardised niche breadth (BA).
Data from: The 'male escape hypothesis': sex-biased metamorphosis in response to climatic drivers in a facultatively paedomorphic amphibian
Paedomorphosis is a major evolutionary process that bypasses metamorphosis and allows reproduction in larvae. In newts and salamanders, it can be facultative with paedomorphs retaining gills and metamorphs dispersing. The evolution of these developmental processes is thought to have been driven by the costs and benefits of inhabiting aquatic versus terrestrial habitats. In this context, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that climatic drivers affect phenotypic transition and the difference across sexes because sex-ratio is biased in natural populations. Through a replicated laboratory experiment, we showed that paedomorphic palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus) metamorphosed at a higher frequency when water availability decreased and metamorphosed earlier when temperature increased in these conditions. All responses were sex-biased, and males were more prone to change phenotype than females. Our work shows how climatic variables can affect facultative paedomorphosis and support theoretical models predicting life on land instead of in water. Moreover, because males metamorphose and leave water more often and earlier than females, these results, for the first time, give an experimental explanation for the rarity of male paedomorphosis (the 'male escape hypothesis') and suggest the importance of sex in the evolution of paedomorphosis versus metamorphosis.
Data from: Elevated salinity blocks pathogen transmission and improves host survival for a globally pandemic disease: implications for amphibian translocations
1. Emerging infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Chytridiomycosis in amphibians is perhaps the most extreme example of this phenomenon known to science. Translocations are increasingly used to fight disease-induced extinctions. However, many programs fail because disease is still present or subsequently establishes in the translocation environment. There is a need for studies in real-world scenarios to test whether environmental manipulation could improve survival in populations by generating unfavourable environmental conditions for pathogens. Reintroductions of amphibians impacted by chytridiomycosis into environments where the disease persists provide a scenario where this paradigm can be tested. 2. We tested the hypothesis that manipulating environmental salinity in outdoor mesocosms under near identical environmental conditions applying in a nearby translocation program for an endangered amphibian, would improve survival and determine the mechanisms involved. 160 infected and 288 uninfected, captive-bred, juvenile frogs were released into 16 outdoor mesocosms in which salinity was controlled (high or low salinity treatment). The experiment was run for 25 weeks from the mid-austral winter to the mid-austral summer of 2013 in a temperate coastal environment, Australia. 3. Increasing salinity from ca. 0.5 ppt to 3.5 - 4.5 ppt reduced pathogen transmission between infected and uninfected animals, resulting in significantly reduced mortality in elevated salt mesocosms (0.13, high salt versus 0.23, low salt survival at 23 weeks). Increasing water temperature associated with season (from mean 13oC to 25oC) eventually cleared all surviving animals of the pathogen. 4. Synthesis and applications. We identified a mechanism by which environmental salinity can protect amphibian hosts from chytridomycosis by reducing disease transmission rates and conclude that manipulating environmental salinity in landscapes where chytrid-affected amphibians are currently translocated could improve the probability of population persistence for hundreds of species. More broadly, we provide support for the paradigm that environmental manipulation can be used to mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases.18-Sep-2017
FIG. 5 in Albanerpetontid Amphibians from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of North America
FIG. 5. — Premaxillae of Albanerpeton nexuosus Estes, 1981, Campanian and Maastrichtian (Aquilan to Lancian in age), North American Western Interior; A-C, UALVP 16206, fused and nearly complete premaxillae; A, labial view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, E, UALVP 39955, nearly complete left premaxilla; D, lingual view; E, lateral and slightly dorsal view; F, UALVP 39971, fused premaxillae missing most of right side, occlusal view; G, UALVP 39960, left premaxilla, occlusal view; H, UALVP 39969, left premaxilla broken transversely across pars dorsalis, dorsal view showing dorsal openings of palatal and unnamed foramina in floor of suprapalatal pit; I, OMNH 25345, incomplete left premaxilla, labial view; J, OMNH 60238, incomplete left premaxilla, lingual and slightly ventral view; K, UCM 38713, incomplete left premaxilla, lingual view. Provenances: A-H, UALVP specimens, Milk River Formation, lower Campanian (i.e. Aquilan in age), Alberta; I, J, OMNH specimens, Aguja Formation, middle Campanian (i.e. Judithian in age), Texas; K, UCM specimen, Laramie Formation, upper Maastrichtian (i.e. Lancian in age), Colorado. Arrows: 1, palatal foramen; 2, unnamed foramen in junction between pars palatinum and pars dentalis. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 5 in Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: a description and reconsideration of their systematics
Figure 5. Skull of LH 6020 – the holotype of Celtedens ibericus, Las Hoyas, Spain, with a reconstruction on the right. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 8 in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 8. Ontogeny of gastral scales in Sclerocephalus haeuseri, and interpretation of the gastral scale morphologies of other temnospondyls and the stem-tetrapod Greererpeton burkemorani as 'larval', 'juvenile', and 'adult', respectively. Except for Sclerocephalus, the ontogenetically most advanced stages of gastral scales are shown in each case. Acerastea redrawn after Warren & Hutchinson (1987), Australerpeton redrawn after Dias & Richter (2002), Balanerpeton redrawn after Milner & Sequeira (1994), Branchierpeton redrawn after Werneburg (1991), Gerrothorax redrawn after Nilsson (1946), Greererpeton based on CMNH 11073, Mahavisaurus redrawn after Janvier (1992), Onchiodon redrawn after Credner (1893), Platyoposaurus based on PIN 164/1–9, Sclerocephalus based on MB.Am.1302, MB.Am.1233, and SMNS 90507, Uranocentrodon redrawn after Findlay (1968).
Data for influence of avocado orchard landscapes on amphibians and reptiles in the trans-Mexican volcanic belt
<p>This database was used to evaluate the response of the local herpetofauna to conversion of POF to avocado orchards (AO) in the trans-Mexican volcanic belt in Western Mexico (Michoacán state). We also explored the effects of forest cover on species that differ in their levels of habitat specialization. In the avocado belt in Michoacan, we sampled 12 sites representing a gradient of AO embedded in native POF to evaluate the variation in structure of local assemblages of amphibians and reptiles. Reduction of POF cover negatively affected specialist frog and snake species, but this relationship varied among buffers around sampling sites. Generalist species of amphibians and lizards showed increased abundances and richness in sites with low POF cover, whereas snake richness and abundance were higher in sites with high POF cover. Our study suggests that POF conversion to AO is a driver favoring the persistence and success of generalist but not specialist herpetofauna species. Therefore, to conserve the diversity of amphibians and reptiles in these agroecosystems, it is important to ensure high proportion of POF patches.</p>
Figure 7 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 7 Reptile species identified at Cruz das Almas municipality, Bahia State AXenodon merremiiBMicrurus ibibobocaCAmerotyphlops brongersmianusDBothrops leucurusEPhrynops geoffroanusFTrachemys dorbigni.
Figure 3 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 3 Anuran species identified at Cruz das Almas municipality, Bahia State ARhinella cruciferBRhinella granulosaCRhinella jimiDPristimantis paulodutraiEBoana albomarginataFBoana crepitansGBoana faberHDendropsophus branneriIDendropsophus elegansJDendropsophus minutusKDendropsophus novaisiLDendropsophus oliveiraiMScinax auratusNScinax eurydiceOScinax pachycrus.
Figure 6 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 6 Reptile species identified at Cruz das Almas municipality, Bahia State ABoa constrictorBEpicrates assisiCChironius carinatusDErytrolamprus miliarisEErytrolamprus reginae (juvenile) FLeptodeira annulataGTantilla melanocephalaHDipsas neuwiediIPseudoboa nigra (juvenile) JPseudoboa nigra (adult) KOxyrhopus petolariusLOxyrhopus trigeminusMPhilodryas olfersiiNPhilodryas patagoniensisOThamnodynastes pallidus.
Figure 10 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 10 Dendrogram of cluster analysis (Jaccard Indices) of the lizard species composition from 22 localities in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Abbreviations in Materials and methods.
Figure 1 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 1 Geographical location of the Cruz das Almas municipality and areas of study A Parque Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha B Mata da Cascalheira C Riacho do Machado. Red dots represent localisation and disposition of the pitfall traps.
Figure 2 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 2 Habitats sampled during the field works A view of Mata de Cazuzinha showing tall trees and shrubs B inside the Mata de Cazuzinha C temporary pond in Mata da Cascalheira D lagoon in Mata da Cascalheira E temporary pond in the Riacho do Machado F pitfall trap in the interior of the forest at Riacho do Machado.
Figure 5 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 5 Reptile species identified at Cruz das Almas municipality, Bahia State ANorops fuscoauratusBDiploglossus lessonaeCHemidactylus mabouiaDPhyllopezus lutzaeEPhyllopezus pollicarisFDryadosaura nordestinaGIguana iguanaHBrasiliscincus heathiIPsychosaura macrorhynchaJPolychrus acutirostrisKColeodactylus meridionalisLAmeiva ameivaMTropidurus hispidusNAmphisbaena albaOAmphisbaena vermicularis.
Figure 11 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 11 Dendrogram of cluster analysis (Jaccard Indices) of the snake species composition from 22 localities in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Abbreviations in Materials and methods.
Figure 9 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 9 Dendrogram of cluster analysis (Jaccard Indices) of the anuran species composition from 33 localities in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Abbreviations in Materials and methods.
Figure 8 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 8 Species rarefaction curves and richness estimators for amphibians, lizards, snakes and herpetofauna collected at Cruz das Almas municipality. Herpetofauna represent the combination of amphibians, lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians, and testudines.
Figure 4 from: Protázio AS, Protázio AS, Silva LS, Conceição LC, Braga HSN, Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Almeida AC, Gama V, Vieira MVSA, Silva TAF (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality. ZooKeys 1060: 125-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982
Figure 4 Anuran species identified at Cruz das Almas municipality, Bahia State AScinax x-signatusBTrachycephalus atlasCPhyllomedusa bahianaDPithecopus nordestinusELeptodactylus macrosternumFLeptodactylus fuscusGLeptodactylus mystaceusHLeptodactylus natalensisILeptodactylus troglodytesJLeptodactylus vastusKPhysalaemus albifronsLPhysalaemus cuvieriMPhysalaemus kroyeriNPseudopaludicola florenceiODermatonotus muelleri.
Figure 4 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913
Figure 4 A Karez Frog (Chrysopaa sternosignata) B Ladakh Pelobatid Toad (Scutiger occidentalis) C Ant Frog (Microhyla nilphamariensis) D Marbled Balloon Frog (Uperodon systoma). Photographers: Dr Muhammad Rais (A); Dr Matthias Stöck (B); Chaitanya Shukla (C); Peter Janzen (D).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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