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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Figs. 1-4 in Notes on Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empididae) in Inner Mongolia with description of a new species

Figs. 1-4. Hybos daqinggouensis sp. nov. (male). 1. Genitalia, dorsal view; 2. right surstylus; 3. lef surstylus; 4. hypandrium, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; lepn = lef epandrial lamella; lsur = lef surstylus; repn = right epandrial lamella; rsur = right surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Exposure to tea tree oil enhances the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. Number of matings (mean ± SE) obtained per replicate by wild-like medfly males exposed to TTO (treated) or not exposed (control) for the 3 different TTO concentrations provided to the treated males (the 5% and 50% doses represent TTO concentration [v/v] in a hexane solution). Bar heights represent averages; whiskers represent 1 SE. Results of t-tests: 5% solution: t = 4.8, P <0.001; 50% solution: t = 3.4, P = 0.003; pure (100%): t = 3.8, P <0.001; N = 12 replicates at each concentration.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Figs. 4–7 in Xanthochlorus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) newly found in Tibet with description of a new species

Figs. 4–7. Xanthochlorus tibetensis sp. nov. (male). 4. Antenna, lateral view; 5. genitalia, lateral view; 6. hypandrium and phallus, ventral view; 7. surstylus, ventral view. Abbreviations: cer = cercus; epn = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; sur = surstylus; ph = phallus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Infection of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults during emergence from soil treated with Beauveria bassiana under various texture, humidity, and temperature conditions

Fig. 1. Adult mortality of Anastrepha ludens infected with different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana conidia, afer emerging from treated soil. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments based on 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Honest Significant Difference test, P <0.05).

Fig. 1 in Oviposition of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits, and development in relation to maturity of orange fruits

Fig. 1. Frequency of oviposition by females of Anastrepha fraterculus (A) and Ceratitis capitata (B) when provided with oranges as an oviposition substrate.

Fig. 1. A in Effect of host decoys on the ability of the parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to parasitize house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) puparia

Fig. 1. A set of 1,000 live house fly puparia and an equal volume (33 cm3) of the acrylic beads used in the assays to illustrate the general appearance of the bead decoys.

Fig 1. A parasitoid wasp and 1 in Predatory behavior of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and their potential negative effects on the parasitoid biological control agent of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Fig 1. A parasitoid wasp and 1 of 7 species of predaceous long-legged flies collected in this study. The photograph is insufficient for identification. Although predation events could not be duplicated in captivity, the parasitoid wasp ap- pears to be within a size range that the long-legged fly would attack (e.g., Barrentine 2011). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in Post-harvest crop destruction effects on picture-winged fly (Diptera: Ulidiidae) emergence

Fig. 2. Spring trial mean (± SE) adult silk fly emergence from soil within cages erected over the treatment plots where plants were plowed, disked twice (2x), or lef standing.

Fig. 1 in Post-harvest crop destruction effects on picture-winged fly (Diptera: Ulidiidae) emergence

Fig. 1. Fall trial mean (± SE) adult silk fly emergence from soil within cages erected over the treatment plots where plants were disked once (1x), disked twice (2x), mowed, or lef standing.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Occurrence of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in organically grown Rubus (Rosales: Rosaceae), in two contrasting environments of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 1. Precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and hydric balance (HB = P − ET) near Monte Grande (27.0000°S, 65.4000°W; 350 m altitude; Tucumán, Argentina) in 2013 (A) and 2014 (B).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 3 in Morganella morganii (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) is a lethal pathogen of Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae

Fig. 3. Yield of Mexican fruit fly larvae in bio-assay cups. Lef=Control, Right=Inoculated with Morganella morganii.

Fig. 6 in Identification and characterization of three juvenile hormone genes from Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 6. Effects of starvation on the expression of BdJHEH2, BdJHEH3, and BdJH- DK in Bactrocera dorsalis. The 2-d-old 3rd instars were fed or starved for 24 and 48 h before collection. The re-fed larvae were initially starved for 24 h, then refed for an additional 24 h prior to collection. F24: feeding 24 h; F48: feeding 48 h; S24: starvation 24 h; S48: starvation 48 h; RF: re-fed. Different letters indicate significant differences based on 1-way ANOVA followed by an LSD test (P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Identification and characterization of three juvenile hormone genes from Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 3. Relative expression levels of BdJHEH2, BdJHEH3, and BdJHDK in developmental stages of Bactrocera dorsalis. Expression levels at 19 time points in (A) 3rd instar larvae and pupae and (B) adults were detected by qPCR. 3L1: 1-d-old 3rd instar larvae; P1: 1-d-old pupae. Females or males were collected for qPCR analysis at 1, 4, 7, and 10 d afer eclosion. Different letters indicate significant differences among females or males based on 1-way ANOVA followed by an LSD test (P <0.05). Significant differences between the females and males determined with a t-test are indicated by * (P <0.05).

Fig. 4 in Identification and characterization of three juvenile hormone genes from Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 4. Relative expression levels of BdJHEH2, BdJHEH3, and BdJHDK in tissues of Bactrocera dorsalis. Expression levels in the head (HD), thorax (TH), midgut (MG), Malpighian tubules (MT), and fat body (FB) were detected by qPCR. Different letters indicate significant differences among tissues based on 1-way ANOVA followed by an LSD test (P <0.05).

Fig. 2 in Identification and characterization of three juvenile hormone genes from Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 2. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of JHDK from Bactrocera dorsalis and other insects. (A) Sequence alignment. The sequence of B. dorsalis JHDK is compared to SCP2 from Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), and JHDK from Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Ld), Manduca sexta (Ms), Plutella xylostella (Px), and Spodoptera litura (Sl). The α-helices (H1-8) and EF hands are indicated above the alignment according to results from B. mori (Li et al. 2005).Three predicted GTP-binding motifs (Σ1–3) are labeled with an arrow. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of JHDK homologs. The tree was generated with MEGA 5 using the neighbor-joining method. Nodes with>50% bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) are indicated on branches. GenBank accession numbers of all sequences are listed in the tree.

Fig. 1 in Identification and characterization of three juvenile hormone genes from Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of JHEHs from Bactrocera dorsalis and other insects. (A) Sequence alignment. The sequences of B. dorsalis JHEHs are compared with JHEH from Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), Bombyx mori (Bm), Manduca sexta (Ms), and Apis mellifera (Am). The catalytic triad (Asp232, Glu409, and His436), 2 tyrosine residues (Tyr 304 and Tyr380), and HGXP motif are labeled with asterisks. The HGXP motif is underlined. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of JHEH homologs. The tree was generated with MEGA 5 using the neighbor-joining method. Nodes with>50% bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) are indicated on branches. GenBank accession numbers of all sequences are listed in the tree.

Fig. 1 in Mosquito fauna associated with Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yucatán State of southeastern México, and checklist with new records

Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of mosquito species from Yucatán State surveyed during Jul 2014 to Dec 2015.

Fig. 2 in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) arrives at Minas Gerais State, a main strawberry production region in Brazil

Fig. 2. Damaged strawberry in the field with drosophilid flies including a Drosophila suzukii male (inlet) with its characteristic wing black dots (arrows) and 2 adults of Zaprionus indianus (white circles), scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) arrives at Minas Gerais State, a main strawberry production region in Brazil

Fig. 1. Drosophila suzukii adult female collected at Minas Gerais State, Brazil. (A) Female on a strawberry fruit in the field, scale bar = 3 mm; (B) D. suzukii egg laid inside the fruit (white box), scale bar = 5 mm; (C) oviposition hole (white circle) with the egg's spiracles (black arrow) coming out. The egg laid beneath the fruit epidermis is delimited by a white ellipse, scale bar = 500 μm; (D) the female from image A viewed under microscope, scale bar = 500 μm; and (E) the female characteristic, serrated ovipositor, scale bar = 200 μm.