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Source data for "Drought self-propagation in drylands due to land–atmosphere feedbacks"
<p>Source data for the analysis performed for "Drought self-propagation in drylands due to land–atmosphere feedbacks". Please refer to https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5839819 for the code.</p>
Extended data for "Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain"
<p>Extended data tables for Ferguson-Gow et al 2022 "Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain".</p> <p>Extended data table 1. The 814 species that comprised the final dataset.</p> <p>Extended data table 2. The 24 land cover classes in the land cover dataset.</p>
Marginal imprint of human land use upon fire history in a mire-dominated boreal landscape of the Veps Highland, North-West Russia
<p>Spatially explicit reconstructions of fire activity in European boreal forests are rare, limiting our understanding of factors driving vegetation dynamics in this part of the boreal domain. We have developed a spatially explicit dendrochronological reconstruction of a fire regime in a mire-dominated landscape of the Veps Nature Park (North-West Russia) over the 1580-2000 CE period.</p> <p>We dated 74 fire years using 164 fire-scarred living and dead Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees collected on 31 sites. The historical fire cycle was 91.4 years (90% confidence intervals, CI 66.2–137.6 years) over the 1580–1720 period, decreasing to 35.9 (CI 28.1–47.6 years) between 1730 and 1770, and then increasing again to 122.7 years (CI 91.0–178.0 years) over the 1780–2000 period. The reconstructed forest fire history featured a number of patterns clearly deviating from the trends documented in previous Northern European reconstructions. The most striking feature was the absence of a period with increased fire activity during the 1600s, a pattern widely observed in Fennoscandia and in Russian Karelia. We noted, however, a higher fire activity period between 1730 and 1780, resulting from the increase in early season fires.</p> <p>Land-use history of the area did not appear to have an effect on historical fire dynamics. The current FC in the Veps Highland is close to the estimates reported for the pre-industrial colonisation period in Fennoscandia, which suggests that the area's forests currently maintain their close-to-natural fire regime.</p>
Fig. 1 in Flavobacterium eburneum sp. nov., isolated from reclaimed saline land soil
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed using the neighbour-joining method based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and showings the position of strain SA31T and its closely related species. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (GenBank accession no. JMST01000030) was used as an outgroup. Evolutionary distances were computed using Kimura's 2-parameter method [21] and are given in units of number of base substitutions per site. Bootstrap values (expressed as percentages of 1000 iterations)>50 % are shown at branch points. Filled circles indicate branches found in phylogenetic consensus trees generated with the maximum-likelihood method. Bar, 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide position.
The 'Evil Tribe' spreads across the land: A dated molecular phylogeny provides insight into dispersal, expansion, and biogeographic relationships within one of the largest tribes of the sunflower family (Vernonieae: Compositae)
<p><strong>Premise:</strong> With over 1500 species, the globally distributed Vernonieae is one of the most successful members of the Compositae. However, due to its morphological complexity and limited geographic representation in previous studies, subtribal and biogeographic relationships are unclear. Here new DNA sequence data spanning the geographical range of the tribe provides a taxonomically robust time-calibrated phylogeny, an estimation of migration pathways and timing of important biogeographical events and allows inference of environmental factors that have contributed to the success of the Vernonieae worldwide.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 368 taxa representing all Vernonieae subtribes. Molecular clock and ancestral range estimation analyses provide a framework for inference of the tribe's biogeographic history.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Relationships among the subtribes were established. We confirmed that the Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae, determined the correct placement of several<br> problematic taxa, and conducted the first model-based assessment of the biogeographical history of the tribe. The . Vernonieae were estimated to have evolved ~50 Ma ago. Africa was the first center of diversity, from which a single dispersal event established the monophyletic New World lineage. Long-distance dispersal from Africa and Brazil established the tribe on five continents and Oceania.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae. The New World lineage is monophyletic, but Old World taxa are not. New subtribal taxonomies are needed. Long-distance dispersal from Africa beginning 45 Ma was key to establishing the tribe's near-global distribution. Migration corridors created by volcanic mountain chains and iron-rich soils in Africa and the Americas promoted radiation and range expansion.</p>
Photos of land use categories of Pedro Moncayo county
<p>Photos of land use categories of Pedro Moncayo county</p>
Tradeoffs between leaf cooling and hydraulic safety in a dominant arid land riparian tree species
<p>Leaf carbon gain optimization in hot environments requires balancing leaf thermoregulation with avoiding excessive water loss via transpiration and hydraulic failure. The tradeoffs between leaf thermoregulation and transpirational water loss can determine the ecological consequences of heat waves that are increasing in frequency and intensity. We evaluated leaf thermoregulation strategies in warm (>40 °C maximum summer temperature) and cool-adapted (<40 °C maximum summer temperature) genotypes of the foundation tree species, <em>Populus fremontii</em> using a common garden near the mid-elevational point of its distribution. We measured leaf temperatures and assessed three modes of leaf thermoregulation: leaf morphology, midday canopy stomatal conductance, and stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit. Data were used to parameterize a leaf energy balance model to estimate contrasts in midday leaf temperature in warm- and cool-adapted genotypes. Warm-adapted genotypes had 39% smaller leaves and 38% higher midday stomatal conductance, reflecting a 3.8 °C cooler mean leaf temperature than cool adapted genotypes. Leaf temperatures modeled over the warmest months were on average 1.1 °C cooler in warm- relative to cool-adapted genotypes. Results show that plants adapted to warm environments are predisposed to tightly regulate leaf temperatures during heat waves, potentially at an increased risk of hydraulic failure. </p>
Fig. 4 in Rotifers (Rotifera) from the inland waters and terrestrial habitats of East Antarctic oases (Enderby Land and Prydz Bay)
Fig. 4. Rotifers of Monogononta subclass. A – Cephalodella forficata (Ehrenberg, 1832); B – Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1832); C – Epiphanes senta (Müller, 1773); D – Lepadella patella (Müller, 1773); E – Notholca verae Kutikova, 1958; F – Resticula gelida (Harring & Myers, 1924).
Fig. 1. Study sites. A in Rotifers (Rotifera) from the inland waters and terrestrial habitats of East Antarctic oases (Enderby Land and Prydz Bay)
Fig. 1. Study sites. A – The location of study areas on the map of Antarctica; B – The area of 'Vecherniaya Mount' field base (Thala Hills oasis); C – The area of 'Molodiozhnaya' field base (Thala Hills oasis); D – The area of 'Druzhniy–4' field base; E – The area of 'Progress' station (Larsemann Hills oasis); On 1B–E the areas without permanent ice cover are in gray.
Fig. 3 in Rotifers (Rotifera) from the inland waters and terrestrial habitats of East Antarctic oases (Enderby Land and Prydz Bay)
Fig. 3. Rotifers of Bdelloidea subclass. A – Adineta cf. grandis Murray, 1910: A1 – dorsal view, A2 – head, A3 – fragment of head of the pressed specimen, A4 – masticatory apparatus. B – Philodina gregaria Murray, 1910: B1 – lateral view, B2 – dorsal view of the pressed specimen, B3 – dorsal view of the pressed specimen with semi-spread corona, B4 – three embryos from one maternal specimen, B5 – masticatory apparatus. C – Adineta cf. vaga vaga (Davis, 1873). D – Adineta steineri Bartoš, 1951. E, F – Unidentified bdelloid rotifers in contracted shape (examples); mtu – major teeth in unci; rl – rostrum lamella; rt – rake teeth; fi – fingers; tr – trophi.
Fig. 2 in Rotifers (Rotifera) from the inland waters and terrestrial habitats of East Antarctic oases (Enderby Land and Prydz Bay)
Fig. 2. Examples of studied habitats. A – Meltwater pond. B – Lichen fouling. C – Algae Prasiola crispa.
Is switchgrass good for carbon savings? Long-term results in marginal land Running title: Switchgrass SOC storage capacity in marginal land Walter Zegada-Lizarazu 1, Federica Zanetti 1, Nicola Di Virgilio 2, Andrea Monti 1 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44 – 40127, Bologna, Italy; 2CNR, Institute for the BioEcononomy, National Research Council of Italy, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
<p>Growing switchgrass in marginal land can be a valuable option to mitigate the risk of agricultural land abandonment whilst storing a significant amount of soil C. It was found a significant increase in SOC in a 13-years period. A significant positive correlation was observed between the C derived from switchgrass and SOC gain (the estimated switchgrass derived C was 12.7 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>). The increased SOC along the field, however, was patchy, with the highest increments registered in the center of the field, while the lowest ones in the top and bottom of the hill.</p>
AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE (1967–1981)
<p>AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) is developed by organically combining the ERA5-Land dataset with high spatiotemporal resolutions and continuity and the APHRODITE dataset with high quality.</p> <p><strong>How to cite: Ma, Z., Xu, J., Ma, Y., Zhu, S., He, K., Zhang, S., Ma, W., Xu, X., 2022. AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 103 (4)., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0328.1.</strong></p> <p>Data Format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>Spatial Coverage: 60°E–150°E, 15°S–55°N, land.</p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1951–1966, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.6367463</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1982–1998, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.4266081</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1999–2015, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4264451">10.5281/zenodo.4264451</a></p>
AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE (1951–1966)
<p>AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) is developed by organically combining the ERA5-Land dataset with high spatiotemporal resolutions and continuity and the APHRODITE dataset with high quality.</p> <p><strong>How to cite: Ma, Z., Xu, J., Ma, Y., Zhu, S., He, K., Zhang, S., Ma, W., Xu, X., 2022. AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 103 (4)., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0328.1.</strong></p> <p>Data Format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>Spatial Coverage: 60°E–150°E, 15°S–55°N, land.</p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1962–1981, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.6369796</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1982–1998, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.4266081</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1999–2015, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4264451">10.5281/zenodo.4264451</a></p>
Data from: Large-scale evolution of body temperatures in land vertebrates
<p>Body temperature is a crucial variable in animals that affects nearly every aspect of their lives. Here we analyze for the first time large-scale patterns in the evolution of body temperatures across terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods, including amphibians, mammals, birds and other reptiles). Despite the traditional view that endotherms (birds and mammals) have higher body temperatures than ectotherms, we find they are not significantly different. However, rates of body-temperature evolution are significantly different, with lower rates in endotherms than ectotherms, and the highest rates in amphibians. We find that body temperatures show strong phylogenetic signal over 350 million years of evolutionary history in tetrapods, and some lineages appear to have retained similar body temperatures over time for hundreds of millions of years. Although body temperatures are often unrelated to climate in tetrapods, we find that body temperatures are significantly related to day-night activity patterns. Specifically, body temperatures are generally higher in diurnal species than nocturnal species, both across ectotherms and, surprisingly, across endotherms also. Overall, our results suggest that body temperatures are significantly linked to phylogeny and diel-activity patterns within and among tetrapod groups, rather than just climate and the endotherm-ectotherm divide.</p>
Impacts on food web properties of island invertebrate communities vary between different human land uses
<p><span>Human land use is of growing concern for island ecosystems. Besides direct impacts on biodiversity, land uses can alter the functioning and structure of ecosystems. Central to this are impacts on food webs. The release of additional nutrients from human origin, habitat homogenization, or environmental filtering due to human land use can change the diet of individual consumer species (i.e., their trophic niches) and the distribution and overlap of trophic niches within a food web. However, it remains largely unclear whether the effects on food web properties vary between the different and predominant human land uses present on islands. Here, we investigated the impact of two dominant human land uses on small oceanic islands (i.e., urban and tourism development) and tested if and how different land uses on islands affect food web structure. To disentangle human land uses, we investigated islands, which were either privately owned by a tourist facility (i.e., exclusively tourism land use) or experienced urban development from the local population (i.e., urban land use), or remained uninhabited, serving as reference sites free of direct land use. Using stable isotope analysis, we show that isotope signature, trophic (isotopic) niches, and overall food web properties of the investigated island invertebrate communities were significantly changed under both land use regimes. While trophic diversity was reduced and trophic niche widths increased under tourism land use, the investigated food webs showed reduced trophic diversity at the food web base and a more uneven trophic niche distribution under urban land use. In summary, these findings show that different human land uses can have contrasting impacts on oceanic island food webs. As oceanic islands experience rapidly growing human land conversion, our results indicate that they may also face increasing yet unpredictable long-term changes in food web dynamics.</span></p>
Figure 4. Dated 50 in A misinterpreted disjunction: the phylogenetic relationships of the North African land snail Gyrostomella (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae)
Figure 4. Dated 50% clade credibility tree with median node heights based on the combined analysis of partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI and 16 S rRNA genes, as well as a part of the nuclear ribosomal RNA cluster covering parts of the 5.8 S rRNA gene, the complete ITS2 and a part of the 28 S rRNA gene. Values at the nodes represent node ages in Ma. Bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals and coloured squares at the nodes and the tips of the tree represent (estimated) ranges from the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC) model. The arrows indicate the nodes where the DEC model and the DEC model allowing for founder-event speciation (+J) differed with regard to the estimated ancestral range. The node used for calibration is indicated by an asterisk. Insert map: delimitation of geographical areas considered in the biogeographic analyses: (1) Western Mediterranean region of Europe (incl. western Europe, northern Europe and parts of Central Europe), (2) western North Africa (incl. Cape Verde Islands), (3) Canary Islands and Madeira Archipelago (Macaronesian Archipelagos) and (4) Eastern Mediterranean region (incl. the Middle East, parts of eastern Central Europe and eastern Europe, the Caucasus region and adjacent areas).
Figure 2 in A misinterpreted disjunction: the phylogenetic relationships of the North African land snail Gyrostomella (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae)
Figure 2. Approximate ranges of Gyrostomella s.s., Maurohelix and Levantina. The question mark indicates the possible extension of the range of Maurohelix to eastern Morocco (see Holyoak et al., 2020). Note: map made with Natural Earth (free vector and raster map data https://www.naturalearthdata.com).
Figure 1 in A misinterpreted disjunction: the phylogenetic relationships of the North African land snail Gyrostomella (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae)
Figure 1. Shells of Gyrostomella species. A–D, Gyrostomella (Gyrostomella) gyrostoma (Férussac, 1821), syntype of Helix gyrostoma Férussac, 1821, 'Tripoli de Barbarie' (Libya, Tripolis region), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) IM-2000–31713. E–H, Gyrostomella (Gyrostomella) tripolitana (Wood, 1828), holotype of Helix leachi Férussac, 1832, 'Tripoli de Barbarie' (Libya, Tripolis region), MNHN IM-2000–31720. I–K, Gyrostomella (Maurohelix) raymondi (Saint-Simon, 1848), syntype of Helix miloni Bourguignat, 1883, 'Djebel Sahari, près de Djelfa' (Djebel Sahari near Djelfa), Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève (MHNG) 118695 (photos: E. Neubert and E. Bochud). L–N, Gyrostomella (Maurohelix) raymondi, syntype of Helix sollieri Bourguignat, 1883, 'Djebel Sahari, près de Djelfa' (Djebel Sahari near Djelfa), MHNG 118710 (photos: E. Neubert and E. Bochud). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Drivers of global variation in land ownership - dataset
<p><span>Land ownership shapes natural resource management and social–ecological resilience, but the factors determining ownership norms in human societies remain unclear. Here we conduct a global empirical test of long‐standing theories from ecology, economics and anthropology regarding potential drivers of land ownership and territoriality. Prior theory suggests that resource defensibility, subsistence strategies, population pressure, political complexity and cultural transmission mechanisms may all influence land ownership. We applied multi‐model inference procedures based on logistic regression to cultural and environmental data from 102 societies, 71 with some form of land ownership and 31 with no land ownership. We found an increased probability of land ownership in mountainous environments, where patchy resources may be more cost effective to defend via ownership. We also uncovered support for the role of population pressure, with a greater probability of land ownership in societies living at higher population densities. Our results also show more land ownership when neighboring societies also practiced ownership. We found less support for variables associated with subsistence strategies and political complexity.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.