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FIGURES 15–20 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 15–20. Surirella liubingii sp. nov., SEM, external view. 15–17. Three valves showing the valve shape, the pattern of costa-stria bundles (CSBs, white arrows labeled in Fig. 16) alternated with over-fibula costae (OFCs, black arrows labeled in Fig. 16) from pole to pole. 18. Middle section of the valve, detail from Fig. 17, note CSBs, OFCs, and multiseriate striae. 19, 20. Details of the valve apices from Fig. 17, note the simple, interrupted raphe endings at both the footpole (Fig. 19, two arrows) and headpole (Fig. 20, two arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 15–17), 1 μm (Figs 18–20).

FIGURES 90–95 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 90–95. Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii, SEM, external view. 90, 91. Two complete valves, note the valve composed of a central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 91). 92. Details of the middle section from Fig. 90, note costa-stria bundles (CSBs) alternating with over-fibula costae (OFCs). 93, 94. Details of the headpole (Fig. 93) and footpole (Fig. 94) from Fig. 90. Note the simple, interrupted raphe endings at both poles (two arrows respectively). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 90, 91), 1 μm (Figs 92–95).

FIGURES 27–42 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 27–42. Surirella minuta, LM (1000×). Sixteen valves illustrating the size diminution series. Note the costa-stria bundles that nearly reach the valve margins. Scale bar = 10 μm (in Fig. 27).

FIGURES 1–14 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 1–14. Surirella liubingii sp. nov., LM (1000×). Fourteen different valves showing the size diminution series of this species. Note that the costa-stria bundles (CSBs) do not reach the valve margins because the internal wall of the raphe canal grows into the cell cavity to form a "pseudoseptum" from the valve margin (indicated by two arrows in Fig. 4). Fig. 1 corresponds to holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm (in Fig. 1).

FIGURES 78–89 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 78–89. Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii, LM (1000×). 78–89. Twelve valves illustrating an incomplete size diminution series for this species. Note the ovate valve outline, the valve composed of a recognizable central portion and an outside portion, and the conspicuous costa-stria bundles (CSBs) within the outside valve portion (labeled in Fig. 83). Scale bar = 10 μm (in Fig. 78).

FIGURES 102–107 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 102–107. Characteristics of the portulae among five Surirella taxa, SEM, internal view. 102, 103. Portula structure of S. liubingii, note the striated internal raphe canal wall (Fig. 102, three arrows) and the presence of only one portula between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 103, three arrows). 104. Portula structure of S. minuta, note the occurrence of only one portula (three arrows). 105–107. Portula structure of S. lacrimula, S. brebissonii var. kuetzingii, and S. tientsinensis, respectively. Note that these three taxa have three portulae between two adjacent fibulae (three arrows respectively) but that a marginal trough-like depression is only produced in S. brebissonii var. kuetzingii (Fig. 106). Scale bars =1 μm (Figs 102–107).

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

TA B L E 2 Identified R packages useful for taxonomic name harmonization. Square brackets indicate supplementary references in Harmonizing taxon names in biodiversity data: A review of tools, databases and best practices

TA B L E 2 Identified R packages useful for taxonomic name harmonization. Square brackets indicate supplementary references

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Reference-based RNA-seq data analysis (training data)

<p>The data provided here are part of a Galaxy Training Network tutorial that analyzes RNA-Seq data from a study published by <a href="http://genome.cshlp.org/content/21/2/193.long">Brooks <em>et al.</em> 2011</a> to identify genes and exons that are regulated by Pasilla gene.</p>

FIGURES 21–23 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 21–23. Kalipharynx piramboae Boeger & Thatcher, 1983 and intra-specific variation observed in Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali Gupta & Agrawal, 1968. 21. K. piramboae Boeger & Thatcher, 1983, ventral view, redrawn from Boeger & Thatcher (1983, fig. 1). 22. P. seenghali, ventral view, redrawn from Gupta & Agrawal (1968, p. 71). 23. P. seenghali (syn. Pseudoparamacroderoides vittati Kakaji, 1969), dorsal view, redrawn from Kakaji (1969, fig. 10). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; LT, left testis; MG, Mehlis' gland; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; PC, prostatic cells; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; RT, right testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 21 = 500 µm; Fig. 22 = 500 µm; Fig. 23 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 26 & 27 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 26 & 27. Alloglossidium raychaudhurii (Agarwal & Kumar, 1983) n. comb. and Anomalomacroderoiditrema keni (Agarwal & Agarwal, 1984) n. gen., n. comb. 26. Al. raychaudhurii (syn. Pseudoparamacroderoides raychaudhurii Agarwal & Kumar, 1983), ventral view, redrawn from Agarwal & Kumar (1983, fig. 1A). 27. An. keni (syn. Pseudoparamacroderoides keni Agarwal & Agarwal, 1984), dorsal view, redrawn from Agarwal & Agarwal (1984, fig. 1A). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; LC, Laurer's canal; OC, ôtype complex; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; Pr.Ph, prepharynx; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 26 = 500 µm; Fig. 27 = 300 µm.

FIGURES 9–11 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 9–11. Galactosomum erinaceum (Poirier, 1886) Bittner & Sprehn, 1928 and Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899. 9. Ga. erinaceum (syn. Distomum erinaceum Poirier, 1886), ventral view, redrawn from Poirier (1886, fig. 6). 10. Gl. pedatum (syn. Astiotrema lazeri El-Naffar, Saoud & Hassan, 1984), ventral view, redrawn from El-Naffar et al. (1984, fig. 1). 11. Gl. pedatum (syn. Astiotrema reniferum of Beverley-Burton 1962 nec Looss, 1900), ventral view, redrawn from Beverley-Burton (1962, fig. 2). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GA, genital atrium; GP, genital pore; LC, Laurer's canal; MF, muscular fibrils; MG, Mehlis' gland; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; Pr.Ph, prepharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; V-D, vas-deferens; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 9 = 500 µm; Fig. 10 = 300 µm; Fig. 11 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 1–3 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 1–3. Intra-specific variations observed in Plesioastiotrema monticellii (Stossich, 1904) n. comb. 1. P. monticellii (syns. Distomum signatum of Monticelli, 1891 nec Dujardin, 1845; Astiotrema monticellii Stossich, 1904), ventral view, redrawn from Stossich (1904, fig. 3). 2. P. monticellii (syn. A. monticellii), ventral view, redrawn from Dollfus (1957, fig. 3). 3. P. monticellii (syn. A. monticellii), dorsal view, redrawn from Timofeeva (1961, fig. 1). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; LC, Laurer's canal; Me, metraterm; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; V-D, vas-deferens; VF, vitelline follicle; VR, vitelline reservoir; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 1 = 500 µm; Fig. 2 = 500 µm; Fig. 3 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 17 & 18 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 17 & 18. Neoastiotrema trituri (Grabda, 1959) Tkach, 2008 and Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931. 17. N. trituri (syn. Astiotrema trituri Grabda 1959), ventral view, redrawn from Grabda (1959, fig. 1). 18. O. batrachoides (syn. Astiotrema gangeticus Gupta & Singh, 1985 nec Harshey, 1932), ventral view, redrawn from Gupta & Singh (1985, fig. 1A). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; ESV, external seminal vesicle; EV, excretory vesicle; GA, genital atrium; GP, genital pore; ISV, internal seminal vesicle; Me, metraterm; OC, ôtype complex; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; Pr.Ph, prepharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 17 = 500 µm; Fig. 18 = 500 µm.

FIGURE 30. Alloglyptus crenshawi Byrd, 1950 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURE 30. Alloglyptus crenshawi Byrd, 1950, ventral view, redrawn from Byrd (1950, figs. 1 & 2). Abbreviations: Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; EA, excretory arm; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; HD, hermaphroditic duct; LT, left testis; Me, metraterm; MG, Mehlis' gland; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; RT, right testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VR, vitelline reservoir; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bar: Fig. 30 = 1,000 µm.

FIGURES 14–16 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 14–16. Intra-specific variation observed in Laiogonimus tananarivensis (Deblock & Capron, 1962) Fischthal & Thomas, 1968. 14. L. tananarivensis (syn. Astiotrema [Biguetrema] tananarivense Deblock & Capron, 1962), ventral view, redrawn from Deblock & Capron (1962, fig. 1). 15. L. tananarivensis (syn. A. [B.] tananarivense), ventral view, redrawn from Deblock & Capron (1962, fig. 2). 16. L. tananarivensis (syn. Laiogonimus vercammengrandjeani Meskal, 1970), ventral view, redrawn from Meskal (1970, fig. 11). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; EG, esophageal glands; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; Me, metraterm; MG, Mehlis' gland; OC, ôtype complex; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; Pr.Ph, Prepharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VR, vitelline reservoir; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 14 = 500 µm; Fig. 15 = 1,000 µm; Fig. 16 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 24 & 25 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 24 & 25. Pseudoparamacroderoides dongthapensis Truong, Curran & Bullard in Truong, Curran, Dutton & Bullard, 2021 and Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri (Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen & Tao, 1983) n. comb. 24. P. dongthapensis, ventral view, redrawn Truong et al. (2021, fig. 1). 25. P. pseudobagri (syn. Gauhatiana pseudobagri Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen & Tao, 1983), ventral view, redrawn from Wang et al. (1983, fig. 4). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; ED, ejaculatory duct; Eg, egg; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 24 = 500 µm; Fig. 25 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 28 & 29. Taxa recognized within Gauhatiana Gupta, 1953. 28. Gauhatiana batrachii Gupta, 1953 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 28 & 29. Taxa recognized within Gauhatiana Gupta, 1953. 28. Gauhatiana batrachii Gupta, 1953, ventral view, redrawn from Gupta (1953, fig. 7). 29. Gauhatiana lebedevi Gupta & Miglani, 1976, ventral view, redrawn from Gupta & Miglani (1976, fig. 1). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Es, esophagus; GA, genital atrium; GP, genital pore; Me, metraterm; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; PC, prostatic cells; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vitelline duct; V-D, vas-deferens; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 28 = 300 µm; Fig. 29 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 12 & 13 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 12 & 13. Alloastiotrema birmanii (Khan, Gul-E-Lala, Ghazi, Khatoon, Waheed & Khan, 2021) n. gen., n. comb. (syn. Astiotrema birmanii Khan, Gul-E-Lala, Ghazi, Khatoon, Waheed & Khan, 2021). 12. Al. birmanii, ventral view, redrawn from Khan et al. (2021, fig. 1). 13. Al. birmanii, ventral view, redrawn from Khan et al. (2021, fig. 2). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Es, esophagus; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 12 = 300 µm; Fig. 13 = 300 µm.

FIGURES 4 & 5 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 4 & 5. Plesioastiotrema magniovum (Fischthal & Kuntz, 1965) n. comb. and Homeoastiotrema turneri (Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable, 2006) n. gen., n. comb. 4. P. magniovum (syn. Astiotrema magniovum Fischthal & Kuntz, 1965), ventral view, redrawn from Fischthal & Kuntz (1965, fig. 6). 5. H. turneri (syn. Astiotrema turneri Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable, 2006), ventral view, redrawn from Bray et al. (2006, fig. 1). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Es, esophagus; GP, genital pore; LT, left testis; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; RT, right testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; V-D, vas-deferens; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 4 = 1,000 µm; Fig. 5 = 500 µm.

FIGURES 6–8 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

FIGURES 6–8. Intra-specific variation observed in Ichthyastiotrema fotedari (Dhar, 1977) n. gen., n. comb. 6. I. fotedari (syn. Astiotrema fotedari Dhar, 1977), ventral view, redrawn from Dhar (1977, fig. 1). 7. I. fotedari, ventral view, redrawn from Dhar (1977, fig. 2). 8. I. fotedari (syn. Gauhatiana fusiformis Wang, 1981), dorsal view, redrawn from Wang (1981, fig. 7). Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BS, body spines; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; Eg, egg; Es, esophagus; GP, genital pore; Me, metraterm; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 6 = 500 µm; Fig. 7 = 500 µm; Fig. 8 = 500 µm.