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30,817 results for “type”
CPDP blind biforium type 1
Realized within the project of the sourced-based reconstruction of the New Synagogue in Wroclaw/Breslau (Poland). Link to the 3D model documentation: http://www.vfu-oppler.hs-mainz.de/en/wisski/navigate/4739/view?wisski_bundle=b0c45007d4aaa61f5961be4fb6902a6b. Supported by »The German Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media « (02/2018-11/2019) and »The Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation« (05/2018). Magnified by https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/. Published under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Japanese Type 4 pottery Grenade
A simple model based on the Japanese Type 4 grenade or pottery grenade 四式陶製手榴弾 which was a "last-ditch" type of hand grenade developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy in the closing stages of World War II when there were growing shortages of raw materials like steel thanks to the bombing campaign by the allied forces so a cheap and simple mainly made from pottery (ceramic or from terracotta) grenade was developed, this was the Type 4 grenade. These simple grenades were fielded in large quantities in the Battle of Okinawa and Iwo Jima with lackluster effectiveness as the grenades were lacking in fragmentation and were generally fragile and easily damaged while being carried by soldiers or during transportation and even when in use as when thrown if the grenade hit something hard which would easily make their pottery bodies crack making them ineffective. Many civil defense organizations and other volunteer units groups issued with them as well. The models contain all the internals. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CPMP pilaster type 2
Realized within the project of the sourced-based reconstruction of the New Synagogue in Wroclaw/Breslau (Poland). Link to the 3D model documentation: http://www.vfu-oppler.hs-mainz.de/en/wisski/navigate/997/view?wisski_bundle=b0c45007d4aaa61f5961be4fb6902a6b. Supported by »The German Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media « (02/2018-11/2019) and »The Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation« (05/2018). Magnified by https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/. Published under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CPMP dosseret type 2
Realized within the project of the sourced-based reconstruction of the New Synagogue in Wroclaw/Breslau (Poland). Link to the 3D model documentation: http://www.vfu-oppler.hs-mainz.de/en/wisski/navigate/1030/view. Supported by »The German Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media « (02/2018-11/2019) and »The Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation« (05/2018). Magnified by https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/. Published under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
WPMP dosseret type 2
Realized within the project of the sourced-based reconstruction of the New Synagogue in Wroclaw/Breslau (Poland). Link to the 3D model documentation: http://www.vfu-oppler.hs-mainz.de/en/wisski/navigate/6290/view. Supported by »The German Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media « (02/2018-11/2019) and »The Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation« (05/2018). Magnified by https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/. Published under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Eva Type 2 Arrowhead
Made with 48 photos in 3df zephyr free. This point is made of an opaque white flint that kinda makes a high-pitched ringing sound when touched. It is about 2 1/8", or 5.5 cm. in length. It also has some bevel on the left edges, and it seems that the base may have been snapped intentionally. collection ID: p39. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CPDP cornice type 2
Realized within the project of the sourced-based reconstruction of the New Synagogue in Wroclaw/Breslau (Poland). Link to the 3D model documentation: http://www.vfu-oppler.hs-mainz.de/en/wisski/navigate/4747/view?wisski_bundle=b0c45007d4aaa61f5961be4fb6902a6b. Supported by »The German Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media « (02/2018-11/2019) and »The Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation« (05/2018). Magnified by https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/. Published under CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature
<p>The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats. Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions. This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats. For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be a need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.</p>
The potassium channel subunit Kv1.8 (Kcna10) is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells
<p>In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, g<sub>K,L</sub>, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to K<sub>V</sub>1.8 (KCNA10) in the Shaker K channel family as a candidate g<sub>K,L</sub> subunit, we compared whole-cell voltage-dependent currents from utricular hair cells of K<sub>V</sub>1.8-null mice and littermate controls. We found that K<sub>V</sub>1.8 is necessary not just for g<sub>K,L</sub> but also for fast-inactivating and delayed rectifier currents in type II HCs, which activate positive to resting potential. The distinct properties of the three K<sub>V</sub>1.8-dependent conductances may reflect different mixing with other K<sub>V</sub>1 subunits, such as K<sub>V</sub>1.4 (KCNA4). In K<sub>V</sub>1.8-null HCs of both types, residual outwardly rectifying conductances include K<sub>V</sub>7 (KCNQ) channels. </p> <p>Current clamp records show that in both HC types, K<sub>V</sub>1.8-dependent conductances increase the speed and damping of voltage responses. Features that speed up vestibular receptor potentials and non-quantal afferent transmission may have helped stabilize locomotion as tetrapods moved from water to land.</p>
Magnetic field enhancements in the interplanetary solar wind: Diverse processes manifesting a uniform observation type?
<p>Interlaced magnetic flux ropes are a subject of investigation in various space environments, including the solar corona, interplanetary solar wind, and magnetosheath. In this study, we utilize a Hall Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model to replicate these interactions within selected regions. By employing plasma flow to propel two flux ropes of various parameters towards each other, we examine the effect of their relative helicity on the ensuing process. Our simulations, coupled with vector analysis, found the existence of flux ropes with opposing helicity along their axes (counter-helical) in some of the resultant interactions. These findings underscore the need to identify and study counter-helical flux ropes in space. The study presented here contributes new comprehension of space plasma dynamics and new insights into the solar wind in control of space weather.</p>
Datasets for "Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types" - Version 2
<p>Version 2 of datasets used for analyses in the paper titled "Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types" submitted to Biogeosciences. There are two datasets - one from Kopuatai bog, Aotearoa New Zealand, and one from Mer Bleue bog, Canada - which contain gap-filled and filtered data that were used to produce the results of our study.</p> <p>Due to improvements made to our methodology following the paper peer review process, the data in this version slightly differs from that of the previous version. Information on these revisions can be found in the README file below or the Discussion/Peer Review tab of our paper.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Affected cell types for hundreds of Mendelian diseases revealed by analysis of human and mouse single-cell data
<p>Hereditary diseases manifest clinically in certain tissues, however their affected cell types typically remain elusive. Single-cell expression studies showed that overexpression of disease-associated genes may point to the affected cell types. Here, we developed a method that infers disease-affected cell types from the preferential expression of disease-associated genes in cell types (PrEDiCT). We applied PrEDiCT to single-cell expression data of six human tissues, to infer the cell types affected in 1,459 hereditary diseases. Overall, we identified 114 cell types affected by 1,140 diseases. We corroborated our findings by literature text-mining and recapitulation in mouse corresponding tissues. Based on these findings, we explored features of disease-affected cell types and cell classes, highlighted cell types affected by mitochondrial diseases and heritable cancers, and identified diseases that perturb intercellular communication. This study expands our understanding of disease mechanisms and cellular vulnerability.</p>
Trophic cascade within and across ecosystems: the role of anti-predatory defenses, predator type, and detritus quality
<ol> <li>Species in one ecosystem can indirectly affect multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem functions of adjacent ecosystems. The magnitude of these cross-ecosystem effects depends on the attributes of the organisms involved in the interactions, including traits of the predator, prey and basal resource. However, it is unclear how predators with cross-ecosystem habitat interact with predators with single-ecosystem habitat to affect their shared ecosystem. Also, unknown is how such complex top-down effects may be mediated by the anti-predatory traits of prey and quality of the basal resource.</li> <li>We used the aquatic invertebrate food webs in tank bromeliads as a model system to investigate these questions. We manipulated the presence of a strictly aquatic predator (damselfly larvae) and a predator with both terrestrial and aquatic habitats (spider) and examined effects on survival of prey (detritivores grouped by anti-predator defense), detrital decomposition (of two plant species differing in litter quality), nitrogen flux and host plant growth. To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of each predator type on multiple detritivore groups and ultimately on multiple ecosystem processes, we used piecewise structural equation models. For each response variable, we isolated the contribution of different detritivore groups to overall effects by comparing alternate model formulations.</li> <li>Alone, damselfly larvae and spiders each directly decreased survival of detritivores and caused multiple indirect negative effects on detritus decomposition, nutrient cycling, and host plant growth. However, when predators co-occurred, the spider caused a negative non-consumptive effect on the damselfly larva, diminishing the net direct and indirect top-down effects on the aquatic detritivore community and ecosystem functioning. Both detritivore traits and detritus quality modulated the strength and mechanism of these trophic cascades. Predator interference was mediated by undefended or partially defended detritivores as detritivores with anti-predatory defenses evaded consumption by damselfly larvae but not spiders. Predators and detritivores affected ecosystem decomposition and nutrient cycling only in the presence of high-quality detritus, as the low-quality detritus was consumed more by microbes than invertebrates.</li> <li>The complex responses of this system to predators from both recipient and adjacent ecosystems highlight the critical role of maintaining biodiversity components across multiple ecosystems. </li> </ol>
Cell-type-specific mRNA transcription and degradation kinetics in zebrafish embryogenesis from metabolically labeled scRNAseq
<p><span>During embryonic development, pluripotent cells assume specialized identities by adopting particular gene expression profiles. However, systematically dissecting the relative contributions of mRNA transcription and degradation to shaping those profiles remains challenging, especially within embryos with diverse cellular identities.<span> Here, we </span>combine<span> </span>single-cell RNA-Seq and metabolic labeling to capture temporal cellular transcriptomes of zebrafish embryos where newly-transcribed (zygotic) and pre-existing (maternal) mRNA can be distinguished. We then introduce kinetic models to quantify mRNA transcription and degradation rates within individual cell types during their specification. These models reveal highly varied regulatory rates across thousands of genes, coordinated transcription and destruction rates for many transcripts, and link differences in degradation to specific sequence elements. They also identify cell-type-specific differences in degradation, namely selective retention of maternal transcripts within primordial germ cells and enveloping layer cells, two of the earliest specified cell-types. Our study provides a quantitative approach to study mRNA regulation during</span> a dynamic spatio-temporal response<span>.</span></p> <p> </p> <p>This repository contains the raw microscopy data that is analyzed in Figures 6F-I and Supplementary Figure S4 B-D.</p>
Figure 11 in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figure 11. Dinorhax rostrumpsittaci (Simon, 1877), two males in threatening condition.
Figure 4 in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figure 4. Escaping stage (right male (A2) fled).
The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
<p>Microplastics pollution of agricultural soil is a global environmental concern because of its potential risk to food security and human health. Although many studies have tested the direct effects of microplastics on growth of <em>Eruca sativa</em> Mill., little is known about whether these effects are regulated by fertilization and weed competition in field management practices.</p> <p>Here, we performed a greenhouse experiment growing <em>E. sativa</em> as target species in a three-factorial design with two levels of fertilization (low versus. high), two levels of weed competition treatments (weed competition versus no weed competition) and five levels of microplastic treatments (no microplastics, Polybutylene adipateco-terephthalate [PBAT], Polybutylene succinate [PBS], Polycaprolactone [PCL] or Polypropylene [PP]).</p> <p>Compared to the soil without microplastics, PBS and PCL reduced aboveground biomass and leaf number of the <em>E. sativa</em>. PBS also resulted in increased root allocation and thicker roots in <em>E. sativa</em>. In addition, fertilization significantly mitigated the negative effects of PBS and PCL on aboveground biomass of <em>E. sativa</em>, but weed competition significantly promoted these effects. Although fertilization alleviated the negative effect of PBS on aboveground biomass, such alleviation became weaker under weed competition than when <em>E. sativa</em> grew alone.</p> <p>The results indicate that the effects of specific polymer types on <em>E. sativa</em> growth could be regulated by fertilization, weed management, and even their interactions. Therefore, reasonable on-farm management practices may help in mitigating the negative effects of microplastics pollution on <em>E. sativa</em> growth in agricultural fields.</p>
Data from: Species contributions to ecosystem stability change with disturbance type
<p>Simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors complicates the challenge of predicting ecological responses to global environmental change. Here, we show that the contributions of individual species and functional groups to the overall stability of ecosystems can be modified by the presence of different stressors, both individually and in combination. By disturbing natural rocky shore communities with nutrients and sediments and simulating extinction of predatory whelks and grazers, we also found that consumers can simultaneously stabilise and destabilise communities along different stability dimensions, irrespective of their trophic position. Our results suggest that our experimental disturbances influenced consumer contributions to stability indirectly by modifying the interactions between consumers and macroalgae in different ways. These findings merit further exploration in different systems exposed to a range of different stressors to better understand how perturbations of different kinds can modify the multifaceted contributions of species to the overall stability of ecosystems.</p>
A 10 m resolution land cover map of the Tibetan Plateau with detailed vegetation types
<p>A 10 m resolution land cover map of the Tibetan Plateau with 12 vegetation types and 3 non-vegetation types for the year 2022 (TP_LC10-2022) by leveraging state-of-the-art remote sensing approaches including the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery, environmental and topographic datasets, and Random Forest model using Google Earth Engine platform.</p>
Figure 24 in An illustrated catalog of Disteniidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) type specimens deposited at the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo
Figure 24. Disteniidae type specimens. (A-C) Villiersicometes absalom Tavakilian & Santos-Silva, 2012, male paratype (A) Dorsal view (B) Ventral view (C) Original labels. (D-F) Villiersicometes galileoae Botero & Almeida, 2019, male paratype (D) Dorsal view (E) Ventral view (F) Original labels. Scale bar: 1 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.