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9,302 results for “DETECT”
Data from: Detecting elusive aspects of wildlife ecology using drones: new insights on the mating dynamics and operational sex ratios of sea turtles
Offspring and breeding (operational) sex ratios (OSR) are a key component of demographic studies. While offspring sex ratios are often relatively easy to measure, measuring OSRs is often far more problematic. Yet highly skewed OSRs, and a lack of male-female encounters, may be an important extinction driver. Using loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) as a case study, we showed the utility of drones, i.e. unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to distinguish adult males and females in a marine breeding area, using a combination of morphological characteristics (tail length) and behavioural differences (active mating, courting and searching by males versus resting by females). Through repeated surveys, we documented seasonal changes in the OSR. While the number, and ratio, of males and females on the breeding grounds changed massively, the ratio of receptive females (derived from the rate of influx of new individuals to the area) to breeding males remained close to 1:1 for much of the period before nesting commenced. Hence, we show how large imbalances in the number of adult males and females may translate into relatively balanced OSRs. Our results suggest that the departure of males from the breeding grounds is linked to a decline in female receptivity, with female sea turtles being known to store sperm to ensure high clutch fertility throughout the nesting season. In conclusion, while we detected up to three times more females than males at the breeding ground, at present, OSRs appear stable. However, because most males breed annually (versus biannually by females), there might only be ˜100 males in the adult population (i.e. adult sex ratio of 1:7.5), which might become further skewed under expected climate change scenarios; thus, we need to identify the minimum number of males required to prevent extinction. Finally, we highlight the use of UAVs for assessing the mating dynamics of other marine, terrestrial or avian species, in which adults might exhibit visually detectable differences, such as sexual dimorphism, external body characteristics or grouping tendencies.
Data from: Hidden diversity in diatoms of Kenyan Lake Naivasha: a genetic approach detects temporal variation
This study provides insights into the morphological and genetic diversity in diatoms occurring in core sediments from tropical lakes in Kenya. We developed a genetic survey technique specific for diatoms utilizing a short region (76-67 bp) of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene as genetic barcode. Our analyses (i) validated the use of rbcL as a barcoding marker for diatoms, applied to sediment samples, (ii) showed a significant correlation between the results obtained by morphological and molecular data and (iii) indicated temporal variation in diatom assemblages on the inter- and intra-specific level. Diatom assemblages from a short core from Lake Naivasha show a drastic shift over the last 200 years, as littoral species (e.g. Navicula) are replaced by more planktonic ones (e.g. Aulacoseira). Within that same period, we detected periodic changes in the respective frequencies of distinct haplotype groups of Navicula, which coincide with wet and dry periods of Lake Naivasha between 1820 and 1938 AD. Our genetic analyses on historical lake sediments revealed inter- and intra-specific variation in diatoms, which is partially hidden behind single morphotypes. The occurrence of particular genetic lineages is probably correlated to environmental factors.
Data from: Detection of invasive mosquito vectors using environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples
Repeated introductions and spread of invasive mosquito species (IMS) have been recorded on a large scale these last decades worldwide. In this context, members of the mosquito genus Aedes can present serious risks to public health as they have or may develop vector competence for various viral diseases. While the Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is a well-known vector for e.g. dengue and chikungunya viruses, the Asian bush mosquito (Ae. j. japonicus) and Ae. koreicus have shown vector competence in the field and the laboratory for a number of viruses including dengue, West Nile fever and Japanese encephalitis. Early detection and identification is therefore crucial for successful eradication or control strategies. Traditional specific identification and monitoring of different and/or cryptic life stages of the invasive Aedes species based on morphological grounds may lead to misidentifications, and are problematic when extensive surveillance is needed. In this study, we developed, tested and applied an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach for the detection of three IMS, based on water samples collected in the field in several European countries. We compared real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays specific for these three species and an eDNA metabarcoding approach with traditional sampling, and discussed the advantages and limitations of these methods. Detection probabilities for eDNA-based approaches were in most of the specific comparisons higher than for traditional survey and the results were congruent between both molecular methods, confirming the reliability and efficiency of alternative eDNA-based techniques for the early and unambiguous detection and surveillance of invasive mosquito vectors. The ease of water sampling procedures in the eDNA approach tested here allows the development of large-scale monitoring and surveillance programs of IMS, especially using citizen science projects.
Data from: Development and validation of rapid environmental DNA (eDNA) detection methods for bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)
Bog turtles Glyptemys muhlenbergii are listed as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) for wildlife action plans in every state it occurs and multi-state efforts are underway to better characterize extant populations and prioritize restoration efforts. However, traditional sampling methods can be ineffective due to the turtle's wetland habitat, small size, and burrowing nature. Molecular methods, such as qPCR, provide the ability to overcome this challenge by effectively quantifying minute amounts of turtle DNA left behind in its environment (eDNA). Developing such methods for bog turtles has proved difficult partly because of the high sequence similarity between bog turtles and closely-related, cohabitating species, most often wood turtles ( Glyptemys insculpta ). Additionally, substrates containing bog turtle eDNA are often rich in organics or other substances that frequently inhibit both DNA extraction and qPCR amplification. Here, we describe the development and validation of a qPCR assay, BT3, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene that correctly identifies bog turtles with 100% specificity and sensitivity when tested on 201 blood samples collected from six species over a wide geographic range. We also developed a full-process internal control employing a genetically modified strain of Caenorhabditis elegans to improve DNA extraction methods, limit false negative results due to qPCR inhibition, and measure total DNA recovery from each sample. Using the internal control, we found that DNA recovery varied by over an order of magnitude between samples and likely explains the lack of bog turtle detection in some cases. Methods presented herein are highly-specific and may offer a more cost effective, non-invasive tool to supplement bog turtle population assessments in the eastern United States. Poor or differential DNA recovery, which remains unmeasured in the vast majority of eDNA studies, significantly reduced the ability to detect bog turtle in their natural environment.
Data from: Does detection range matter for inferring social networks in a benthic shark using acoustic telemetry?
Accurately estimating contacts between animals can be critical in ecological studies such as examining social structure, predator–prey interactions or transmission of information and disease. While biotelemetry has been used successfully for such studies in terrestrial systems, it is still under development in the aquatic environment. Acoustic telemetry represents an attractive tool to investigate spatio-temporal behaviour of marine fish and has recently been suggested for monitoring underwater animal interactions. To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic telemetry in recording interindividual contacts, we compared co-occurrence matrices deduced from three types of acoustic receivers varying in detection range in a benthic shark species. Our results demonstrate that (i) associations produced by acoustic receivers with a large detection range (i.e. Vemco VR2W) were significantly different from those produced by receivers with smaller ranges (i.e. Sonotronics miniSUR receivers and proximity loggers) and (ii) the position of individuals within their network, or centrality, also differed. These findings suggest that acoustic receivers with a large detection range may not be the best option to represent true social networks in the case of a benthic marine animal. While acoustic receivers are increasingly used by marine ecologists, we recommend users first evaluate the influence of detection range to depict accurate individual interactions before using these receivers for social or predator–prey studies. We also advocate for combining multiple receiver types depending on the ecological question being asked and the development of multi-sensor tags or testing of new automated proximity loggers, such as the Encounternet system, to improve the precision and accuracy of social and predator–prey interaction studies.
Data from: Stomatopods detect and assess achromatic cues in contests
Conspicuous, colorful displays are often used by animals to communicate within and between species. Previously, researchers have manipulated specific components of color signals (i.e., hue, total reflectance, and/or chroma) using paints, photographs, videos, or filters. However, these manipulations may not adequately mimic the spectrum of color signals outside the range of human perception. Thus, these methods are inappropriate for organisms with unconventional visual systems, such as stomatopods (mantis shrimp). Here, we describe a novel application of a femtosecond laser to increase total reflectance of the stomatopod meral spot, a distinct area on the raptorial appendage used in territorial contests. Ultrafast lasers provide a programmable way to precisely manipulate patch total reflectance of live stomatopods without causing collateral damage. We tested how experimentally increasing meral spot reflectance impacted receiver behavior during territorial contests. Contests in which receiver stomatopods faced an opponent with a lightened meral spot were shorter and receivers showed increased rates of agonistic behaviors. This result suggests that lighter meral spots indicate lower fighting ability; thus, receivers are more willing to engage in a contest. This research provides the first demonstration that stomatopods can detect and assess achromatic variation in contests. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ultrafast lasers provide a powerful tool to investigate achromatic signaling, particularly for organisms whose size, aquatic habitat, or visual system otherwise prevent realistic alterations to color signals (e.g., butterflies, jumping spiders, or decapod crustaceans). This study advances our knowledge about stomatopod visual communication and offers a valuable tool for future research.
Detection of spatiotemporal variation in Ranavirus distribution using eDNA
<p class="BodyA"><a name="_Hlk20505432">Amphibian population declines have been associated with emerging diseases including ranaviruses, which can cause mass die-offs across entire amphibian communities. Understanding and mitigating disease spread requires knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of pathogen distribution, but also how environmental factors influence pathogen occurrence. We applied environmental DNA (eDNA) detection tools to survey spatial and temporal distributions of ranaviruses by sampling 103 waterbodies in southeastern Ontario, Canada, and assessed the role of abiotic factors as predictors of pathogen occurrence. Ten waterbodies sampled during June-August (>30 km between sites) revealed that ranavirus was marginally more prevalent (<i>p </i>= 0.055) during the latter part of the summer. Ninety-three sites sampled at a finer scale (<10km between sites) exhibited seasonal variability in ranavirus detection (site prevalence: 56% May; 66% July). Occupancy modeling revealed that wetland size and elevation influenced ranavirus<i> </i>occurrence while sampling date and water temperature influenced probability of detection. These findings indicate that biotic factors, such as host density and alternative hosts, should be investigated further as likely determinants of ranavirus prevalence across the landscape. Further, these results highlight the sensitivity of eDNA for detecting widespread presence of ranavirus, and that abiotic factors may have a limited role in determining its prevalence and infectivity.</a></p>
Imperfect detection alters the outcome of management strategies for protected areas
<p>Designing protected areas configurations to maximize biodiversity is a critical conservation goal. The configuration of protected areas can significantly impact the richness and identity of the species found there; one large patch supports larger populations but can facilitate competitive exclusion. Conversely, many small habitats spreads risk but may exclude predators that typically require large home ranges. Identifying how best to design protected areas is further complicated by monitoring programs failing to detect species. Here we test the consequences of different protected area configurations using multi-trophic level experimental microcosms. We demonstrate that for a given total size, many small patches generate higher species richness, are more likely to contain predators, and have fewer extinctions compared to single large patches. However, the relationship between the size and number of patches and species richness was greatly affected by insufficient monitoring, and could lead to incorrect conservation decisions, especially for higher trophic levels.</p>
Fermi/LAT detection of extraordinary variability in the gamma-ray emission of the blazar PKS 1510-089
Data set of the published paper. There are lightcurves in the gamma-ray energy band in QDP format (*.qdp; *.pco) and the corresponding PS figure. See the paper for details.
Comparative analysis of statistical methods used for detecting differential expression in label-free mass spectrometry proteomics - Data Supplement
<p>This the is Data Supplement for the article "Comparative analysis of statistical methods used for detecting differential expression in label-free mass spectrometry proteomics" submitted to the Journal of Proteomics 2015.</p>
COPERNICUS GRASSLAND LAYER FOR CHANGE DETECTION ON "MURGIA ALTA" - TIME T1 DATA
<p><strong>Time T1 data:</strong> Copernicus Natural Grasslands layer at 20 meters spatial resolution; year 2012; subset of the "Murgia Alta" protected area; reprojected in WGS84/UTM33.</p>
SENTINEL-2 SATELLITE IMAGE (2015, AUGUST 7) FOR CHANGE DETECTION ON "MURGIA ALTA" - TIME T2 DATA
<p><strong>Time T2 data:</strong> Sentinel-2 image, 10 bands at 20 meters spatial resolution; 2015, August 7; subset of the "Murgia Alta" protected area; projected in WGS84/UTM33; coregistered on the time T1 data.</p>
Vibrato Analysis Dataset, Detection and Parameterization
<p>vibrato_analysis</p> <p>Vibrato Analysis Dataset,Detection and Parameterization</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>This dataset was created as an outcome of a summer internship with Good-sounds project. Sound recordings were used for vibrato analysis. The dataset contains monophonic recordings of single notes and melodies for four instruments with annotations of four different recording sets regarding some vibrato parameters.</p> <p>It is organized according to the owner of the recordings. Sounds with vibrato and no vibrato are presented within the folders with their annotations in cvs format. All annotations except than the alto saxophone recordings include derivative analysis of pitch parameters.</p> <p>One of the recordings for violin was made in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra recording studio by a violist from MTG. Single notes of two octaves and four different melodies starting from different pitch are recorded in wav format sampled at 44.1 kHz. Each sound separated by semitones is recorded four times for no vibrato,slow, standard and fast rates of vibrato. Melodies were played for no vibrato and vibrato at a standard rate to have the attenuation at the end of the note.</p> <p>One other recording set was taken from Good-sounds project. The only brass instrument within the whole dataset is this one for alto saxophone. It was again recorded in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra / Phonos recording studio. This dataset for alto saxophone not only contains vibrato and non vibrato sounds but also some different tonal characteristics.</p> <p>Three other recordings are downloaded from a user named Carlos_Vaquero in <a href="https://freesound.org/">Freesound</a>. Violin, violoncello and transverse flute recordings were downloaded and used for non commercial purposes under creative commons license. Within the Carlos_Vaquero folder, audio files are separated according to the type of instruments.</p> <p>Dataset Description</p> <p>The database is meant for organizing the sounds in a handy way. It is organized according to the creator. In each three datasets, annotations and analysis parameters are available within the csv files and each has 11 field descriptor.</p> <ul> <li>Carlos_Vaquero <ul> <li>Transverse_flute</li> <li>Violin</li> <li>Violoncello</li> </ul> </li> <li>Good-sounds-Alto sax <ul> <li>Alto-sax</li> </ul> </li> <li>MTG - Violin <ul> <li>Violin</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Except than alto-sax recordings, each contains following parameters:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Peak_Percentage:</strong> Percent wise proportion of peaks in first derivation of the pitch trajectory.</li> <li><strong>Mean_Difference:</strong> Mean value of the differences of two consecutive peaks.</li> <li><strong>Max_Difference:</strong> Maximum separation of side by side peaks.</li> <li><strong>Index_Max (first one):</strong> Index value of the maximum peak in the derivative array.</li> <li><strong>Location_Max (%):</strong> Location of the maximum peak in the array, percent wise.</li> <li><strong>Start_End_Time (seconds):</strong> Starting and ending time instants of vibrato in the recording.</li> <li><strong>Duration:</strong> Duration of the vibrato part of the recording.</li> </ul> <p>Documentation</p> <p>Related report can be found in the GitHub repository as "Vibrato Analysis Internship Report".</p> <p>License</p> <p>All the software is distributed with the Affero GPL v3 license.</p>
Performance Anomaly Detection in Microservice Architectures under Continuous Change
<p>Supplementary material for the master's thesis<br> <strong>"Performance Anomaly Detection in Microservice Architectures under Continuous Change"</strong><br> of<br> <strong>Thomas F. Düllmann</strong></p> <p><br> The folder for the supplemental material is structured as follows:.</p> <ul> <li><strong>abstract-de.txt</strong> (abstract in german)</li> <li><strong>abstract-en.txt</strong> (abstract in english)</li> <li><strong>01-MicroserviceMetamodel</strong> (Eclipse project containing the Ecore meta model and the Xtend generation template)</li> <li><strong>02-AnomalyDetectionImplementation</strong> (Eclipse project containing the implementation of the customized RanCorr approach and the EAR approach) <ul> <li><strong>EARExperimentSetup</strong> (the Evaluation Setup that is run based on the input data from the experiment and the EAR implementation)</li> <li><strong>Kieker</strong> (Kieker and the customized RanCorr approach)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>03-ExperimentTools</strong> (supplementary microservices and scripts that were used for the experiment setup. The generated services need to be placed next to these files and have to have the folder prefix "gen-") <ul> <li><strong>jmeter</strong> (the microservice that is used for generating load)</li> <li><strong>jmsserver</strong> (the microservice that runs ActiveMQ to bundle the monitoring logs from the services)</li> <li><strong>monitoringserver</strong> (the microservice that collects the monitoring data from the jmsserver microservice and stores them)</li> <li><strong>registry</strong> (the microservice that is responsible for managing the delays that should be injected)</li> <li><strong>copyResults.sh</strong> (simple bash script that masks the scp command to copy the monitoring data from the monitoringserver to the local file system) </li> <li><strong>deployPackage.sh</strong> (bash script that uploads the docker images to defined remote systems via ssh and initiates the start of the microservices on a Kubernetes cluster using the said docker images)</li> <li><strong>dockerinit.sh</strong> (bash script that goes into the microservice folders to compile and package them and create the corresponding Docker images (useful if running minikube for example))</li> <li><strong>kubeinit.sh</strong> (bash script that starts the microservices on a Kubernetes cluster that is associated with the kubectl Kubernetes tool)</li> <li><strong>kubeclean.sh</strong> (bash script that removes the microservices from a Kubernetes cluster that is associated with the kubectl Kubernetes tool) </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>04-EvaluationData</strong> <ul> <li><strong>RawData </strong> (the raw data that was extracted from the experiment environment) <ul> <li>kieker-monitoring-data (the Kieker monitoring data obtained from the experiment setup)</li> <li><strong>anomalies.log</strong> (the log data that shows the injected real anomalies)</li> <li><strong>events.log</strong> (log file that contains the timesstamps, the scope and the type of event injections)</li> <li><strong>registry.log</strong> (registry microservice log showing the injections of real and change anomalies)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Results</strong> (results for the evaluation with different thresholds) <ul> <li><strong>*folders*</strong> (contain the results of the anomaly detection using the threshold represented by the folder name)</li> <li><strong>results.csv</strong> (the calulated results in terms of TP/FN/FP/FN for every approach with every threshold)</li> <li><strong>results-calculated.csv</strong> (further metrics that were calculated based on the TP/FN/FP/FN values)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>05-EvaluationServices</strong> (the folders containing the microservices that were used for the evaluation)</li> </ul> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1. Newly detected localities for G in Gomphus kinzelbachi Schneider, 1984, in Iran: identification, habitat and behaviour (Odonata: Gomphidae)
FIGURE 1. Newly detected localities for G. kinzelbachi: (1: 32,401236°N, 48,149589°E, 107 m; 2: 32,286061°N, 48,172997°E, 86 m; 3: 32,281944°N, 48,217228°E, 82 m; 4: 32,195917°N, 48,209356 °E, 74 m), and the two previously reported localities in Iran, visited by us again without finding the species (filled dots, A = Bisheh, Ab-i-Zezar river near the 433 km railway stone; 50 km SE Khoramabad; B = Ahwåz road 4 km S Ahwaz).
FIGURE 9 in Two newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
FIGURE 9. Known collection localities for Cryptocarenus diadematus in the Caribbean Basin. Also known from Brazil (Wood and Bright 1992b).
FIGURES 1–4. Coptoborus pseudotenuis female. 1. Lateral view. 2. Head and frons. 3. Dorsal view. 4 in Two newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
FIGURES 1–4. Coptoborus pseudotenuis female. 1. Lateral view. 2. Head and frons. 3. Dorsal view. 4. Declivity.
FIGURE 5 in Two newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
FIGURE 5. Known collection localities for Coptoborus pseudotenuis in the Caribbean Basin. Also known from Brazil (Wood and Bright 1992a).
FIGURES 6–8. 6. Cryptocarenus diadematus, female frontal view. 7. Cryptocarenus seriatus, female frontal view. 8 in Two newly detected bark and ambrosia beetles from southern Florida (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
FIGURES 6–8. 6. Cryptocarenus diadematus, female frontal view. 7. Cryptocarenus seriatus, female frontal view. 8. Cryptocarenus heveae, female frontal view.
Datasets for "An Evaluation of Bayesian Approaches based on Uniformly Most Powerful Tests for Detecting Violations of Local Independence"
<p>These files contain the results of the simulation studies reported in the main text. A detailed documentation is included as pdf file.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.