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26,784 results for “M.”
S u m m a r y s t a t i s t i c s in Revision of the pale-bellied Micronycteris Gray, 1866 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) with descriptions of two new species
S u m m a r y s t a t i s t i c s (m e a n, s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n, s a m p l e s i z e, a n d r a n g e) o f t h e c r a n i a l m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e p a l e - b e l - l i e d s p e c i e s o f m i c r o ny c te r i s
TA B L E 2 Estimates of pairwise sequence divergence (cyt-b gene) in pale-bellied Micronycteris, where M. minuta is divided in three clades. Below the diagonal: pairwise distance using the Kimura 2-parameter model (percentage). On the diagonal: within-clade distance using the Kimura 2-parameter model (percentage). Above the diagonal: pairwise p-distance values. Number of specimens sequenced in parenthesis. *Chimeric sequence obtained from two paratypes (Siles et al., 2013). in Revision of the pale-bellied Micronycteris Gray, 1866 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) with descriptions of two new species
TA B L E 2 Estimates of pairwise sequence divergence (cyt-b gene) in pale-bellied Micronycteris, where M. minuta is divided in three clades. Below the diagonal: pairwise distance using the Kimura 2-parameter model (percentage). On the diagonal: within-clade distance using the Kimura 2-parameter model (percentage). Above the diagonal: pairwise p-distance values. Number of specimens sequenced in parenthesis. *Chimeric sequence obtained from two paratypes (Siles et al., 2013).
FIGURE 1 in Cataloguing Prof. Eudóxia M. Froehlich's wet collection of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): a bounty of type specimens of 78 species
FIGURE 1. Some of the 80 jars, containing specimens, after replacing the medium with new 80% ethanol.
FIGURE 3 in Cataloguing Prof. Eudóxia M. Froehlich's wet collection of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): a bounty of type specimens of 78 species
FIGURE 3. Examples of preservation condition of type specimens: A: very good (Geoplana garua); B: good (Geoplana chalona); C: bad (Geoplana irua); D: very bad (Geoplana assu). At different scales.
Lipid17ecc POPC:POPG 4:1 bilayer simulation in 1 M CaCl2 solution and Na+ counter ions
<p>Lipid17ecc POPC:POPG 4:1 bilayer simulation in 1 M CaCl2 solution. The initial structure was taken from https://zenodo.org/record/3874378#.X0OfthmEZGF . Temperature is 298 K. The system contains 350 POPC, 88 POPG, 88 Na+ ions, 24840 SPCE water molecules, 475 Ca2+ ions and 950 Cl- ions</p> <p>Total length of simulation is 400 ns. First 100 ns were discarded as equilibration time. Saving frequency of 100-300ns.xtc is 20 ps.</p>
FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M in Konowia Brauns, 1884, and Monoxiphia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) Palaearctic woodwasps with simple tarsal claws on all legs
FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M. harai, paratype, Maruyama, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal).
Data from: Assessment of the food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle in M'Sabih Talaa, West central Morocco, using the trnL approach
Food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas massaesyla, previously investigated in the 1980s using microhistological fecal analysis, in the M'Sabih Talaa reserve west central Morocco, were re-evaluated over three seasons (spring, summer and autumn 2009) using the trnL approach to determine the diet composition and its seasonal variation from fecal samples. Taxonomic identification was carried out using the identification originating from the database built from EMBL and the list of plant species within the reserve. The total taxonomic richness in the reserve was 130 instead of 171 species in the 1980s. The diet composition revealed to be much more diversified (71 plant taxa belonging to 57 genus and 29 families) than it was 22 years ago (29 identified taxa). Thirty four taxa were newly identified in the diet while 13 reported in 1986-87 were not found. Moroccan dorcas gazelle showed a high preference to Acacia gummifera, Anagallis arvensis, Glebionis coronaria, Cladanthus arabicus, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, Erodium salzmannii, Limonium thouini, Lotus arenarius and Zizyphus lotus. Seasonal variations occurred in both number (40-41 taxa in spring-summer and 49 taxa in autumn vs. respectively 23-22 and 26 in 1986-1987) and taxonomic type of eaten plant taxa. This dietary diversification could be attributed either to the difference in methods of analysis, trnL approach having a higher taxonomic resolution, or a potential change in nutritional quality of plants over time.
Data from: Asymmetric introgression between Magnolia stellata and M. salicifolia at a site where the two species grow sympatrically
In order to understand the ongoing evolutionary relationships between species, it is important to elucidate patterns of natural hybridization. In the zone where two species are sympatrically distributed, we examined 274 individuals of Magnolia stellata, Magnolia salicifolia, and their putative hybrids by means of 16 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. Hybrid classes of individuals were estimated by admixture analyses. Morphological traits were also investigated for 64 of the 274 individuals. Admixture analyses revealed that 66 of the 274 individuals were classified as hybrids, comprising 17 F1 and 19 F2 individuals, 27 backcrosses to M. salicifolia, and 3 individuals of unknown origin. Morphological data from the 64 individuals agreed well with their genetic admixture rates. Spatial locations of F1 and F2 hybrids at the study site were intermediate between the two purebred species, indicating that the site preferences of hybrids are intermediate. The occurrences of F2 and backcross hybrids indicate that F1 hybrids are fertile. The chloroplast DNA haplotypes of all F1 hybrids corresponded to those detected in M. salicifolia, so that maternal parents of the F1 hybrids were all M. salicifolia. Furthermore, no hybrid individuals derived from a backcross to M. stellata were detected. These results suggest that the direction of hybridization and the subsequent introgression have been quite asymmetric and that the introgression occurred from M. stellata into M. salicifolia.
Data from: Drivers of tropical rainforest composition and alpha diversity patterns over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient
We determined the relationship of forest composition and alpha diversity (species diversity of a local assemblage) to altitude, soil and spatial factors over a 440 - 2950 ma.s.l gradient. Altitudinal gradient on the Atlantic slope of the Talamanca Cordillera, Costa Rica. We measured and identified all stems > 10 cm dbh in 32 0.25-ha undisturbed rain forest plots over the gradient. We determined compositional patterns using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination, and used linear regressions to explore the relationship between four alpha diversity metrics and altitude. With variation partitioning (VARPART) we determined the compositional variation explained by altitude, soil and spatial variables quantified using Principle Components of Neighbour matrices. We identified 425 species. NMS axis 1 separated a lowland zone (440-1120 m asl) from a transitional one dominated by holarctic Oreomunnea mexicana (1400-1600 m asl) and Quercus-dominated forests at altitudes >2100 m asl. The lowland zone was separated into two clusters of plots on NMS axis 2, the first in the 430-620 m asl range and the second at 1000-1120 masl. . Regressions showed that alpha diversity metrics were strongly negatively related to altitude (R2>0.78). Overall adjusted R2 from VARPART was 0.43, with 0.30, 0.21 and 0.17 for altitude, soil and space respectively. The respective adjusted R2 of individual matrices, on controlling for the other two, were 0.06, 0.05 and 0.09 (p<0.001). There are two well-defined forest compositional zones on this gradient – lowlands and montane forests – with a transitional zone at 1400-1600 m asl where lowland tropical and montane holarctic species are found together. Montane forests are very distinct in their composition and low alpha diversity. Vegetation and soil respond to altitude, and therefore temperature, as an integrated system, a model that goes beyond niche assembly as shown by the significant effect of space in the VARPART.
Data from: Apolipoprotein M-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates blood-brain barrier paracellular permeability and transcytosis
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the endothelial cells lining cerebral microvessels. Here, we report that the BBB permeability is modified by apolipoprotein M (apoM)-bound sphingosine 1–phosphate (S1P). We used two-photon microscopy to monitor changes in BBB permeability in apoM-deficient mice (apoM-/-), showing significant increases in paracellular BBB permeability to small molecules without structural changes in junctional complexes between endothelial cells. Lack of apoM-bound S1P increased vesicle-mediated transfer of albumin across endothelium of brain pial and penetrating arterioles, whereas transcytosis in capillaries and venules remained unchanged. S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 rapidly normalized BBB permeability along both the paracellular and transcellular routes in apoM-/- mice. Thus, apoM-bound S1P maintains low paracellular BBB permeability for small molecules in all cerebral microvessels and low levels of adsorptive transcytosis in penetrating arterioles. Modulation of apoM/S1P-dependent signaling may be a novel strategy for the protection of brain endothelial cells to preserve the BBB function.
Data from: Population genetic structure within and among seasonal site types in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis)
During late summer and early autumn, temperate bats migrate from their summering sites to swarming sites, where mating likely occurs. However, the extent to which individuals of a single summering site migrate to the same swarming site, and vice versa, is not known. We examined the migratory connectivity between summering and swarming sites in two temperate, North American, bat species, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). Using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers, we examined population structuring within and among summering and swarming sites. Both species exhibited moderate degrees of mitochondrial DNA differentiation (little brown bat: FST(SWARMING) = 0.093, FST(SWARMING) = 0.052; northern long-eared bat: FST(SWARMING) = 0.117, FST(SWARMING) = 0.043) and little microsatellite DNA differentiation among summering and among swarming sites. Haplotype diversity was significantly higher at swarming sites than summering sites, supporting the idea that swarming sites are comprised of individuals from various summering sites. Further, pairwise analyses suggest that swarming sites are not necessarily comprised of only individuals from the most proximal summering colonies.
Data from: Allele phasing is critical to revealing a shared allopolyploid origin of Medicago arborea and M. strasseri (Fabaceae)
Background: Whole genome duplication plays a central role in plant evolution. There are two main classes of polyploid formation: autopolyploids which arise within one species by doubling of similar homologous genomes; in contrast, allopolyploidy (hybrid polyploidy) arise via hybridization and subsequent doubling of nonhomologous (homoeologous) genomes. The distinction between polyploid origins can be made using gene phylogenies, if alleles from each genome can be correctly retrieved. We examined whether two closely related tetraploid Mediterranean shrubs (Medicago arborea and M. strasseri) have an allopolyploid origin - a question that has remained unsolved despite substantial previous research. We sequenced and analyzed ten low-copy nuclear genes from these and related species, phasing all alleles. To test the efficacy of allele phasing on the ability to recover the evolutionary origin of polyploids, we compared these results to analyses using unphased sequences. Results: In eight of the gene trees the alleles inferred from the tetraploids formed two clades, in a non-sister relationship. Each of these clades was more closely related to alleles sampled from other species of Medicago, a pattern typical of allopolyploids. However, we also observed that alleles from one of the remaining genes formed two clades that were sister to one another, as is expected for autopolyploids. Trees inferred from unphased sequences were very different, with the tetraploids often placed in poorly supported and different positions compared to results obtained using phased alleles. Conclusions: The complex phylogenetic history of M. arborea and M. strasseri is explained predominantly by shared allotetraploidy. We also observed that an increase in woodiness is correlated with polyploidy in this group of species and present a new possibility that woodiness could be a transgressive phenotype. Correctly phased homoeologues are likely to be critical for inferring the hybrid origin of allopolyploid species, when most genes retain more than one homoeologue. Ignoring homoeologous variation by merging the homoeologues can obscure the signal of hybrid polyploid origins and produce inaccurate results.
Data from: Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history, and morphology in the grey mouse lemur (M. murinus)
<p class="Style1">The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history, and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate (<i>Microcebus murinus</i>). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs (<i>N</i>=486). We chose two personality traits, two life history traits, and two morphological traits to 1) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and 2) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits, and life history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history, and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.</p>
Quarz M camera
The Quarz M is a light camera of compact build, with a detachable handle ("pistol handle"), which houses a compartment for two filters. The Quarz M amateur film camera, manufactured in 1965-1973, is a modification of the Quarz 2 camera, developed for export sales. The Quarz M camera has a built-in spring-type drive, a selenium photometer, and semiautomatic focus. It is also equipped with a non-removable lens with a focal length of 1.9-12.5 mm. The camera enables recording of black and white images without sound, using different tape speeds of 12, 16, 24 or 48 frames per second, and rewinding. The Quarz 2 camera is used by Filip Mosz for documenting daily life (played by Jerzy Stuhr) – the protagonist of the Amator film of 1979, directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski. Manufacturer: Krasnogorsk Mechanical Establishment, 1965 Inv. No.: MIM1355/VI-183 Model prepared on the basis of photogrammetric measurements Licence: CC BY-NC-SA (CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
M 47 Patton
The M47 Patton was an American main battle tank, a development of the M46 Patton mounting an updated turret, and was in turn further developed as the M48 Patton. It was the second American tank to be named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army during World War II and one of the earliest American advocates of tanks in battle. Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History (Brussels, Belgium). Made with CapturingReality. 90 mm cannon M3, FN Browning M2 50 (12.7 mm), 2 FN Browning M1919 30 (7.62 mm), lenght 6.30m, width 3.51m, height 3.01m, weight 42.13t, armor 101 mm, engine Continental V12 petrol engine 820 hp (600 kw), max speed 48 km/h, range 128km. For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
M. Szymanik | Golden Duck | Image Interpretation
Golden Duck in Warsaw Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
M Dwarf Flare Continuum Variations on One-Second Timescales: Calibrating and Modeling of ULTRACAM Flare Color Indices
<p>These files contain the ULTRACAM light curves, the ULTRACAM flare color indices, the APO/DIS spectral data, and the NMSU 1-m U-band photometry from "M Dwarf Flare Continuum Variations on One-Second Timescales: Calibrating and Modeling of ULTRACAM Flare Color Indices", Kowalski, A. F., Mathioudakis, M., Hawley, S. L., Wisniewski, J. P., Dhillon, V. S., Marsh, T. R., Hilton, E. J., & Brown, B. P., 2016, Astrophysical Journal in press. See the included ReadMe file for detailed information on the files.</p>
Supplementary files of Jorge M G, Brennand T A. Measuring (subglacial) bedform orientation, one-dimensional size, and directional shape - method accuracy. PLOS ONE, revision phase.
<p>S1: shapefile of longitudinal subglacial bedform dataset.<br /> S2: spreadsheet with Fig. 6 signed error distributions.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURES 8–15. 8, Myrsidea kathleenae male genital sac sclerite. 9, M. warwicki female metanotal margin and dorsoventral abdomen. 10–14, Male genital sac sclerite. 10, M. plumosi. 11, M. adamsae. 12, M. ochracei. 13, M. borbonici. 14, M. johnsoni. 15, M in The genus Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 16 new species
FIGURES 8–15. 8, Myrsidea kathleenae male genital sac sclerite. 9, M. warwicki female metanotal margin and dorsoventral abdomen. 10–14, Male genital sac sclerite. 10, M. plumosi. 11, M. adamsae. 12, M. ochracei. 13, M. borbonici. 14, M. johnsoni. 15, M. palmai male metanotal margin and dorsoventral abdomen.
FIGURES 1213. Pieza male genitalia. 12. P. m i n u t a in Pieza, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)
FIGURES 1213. Pieza male genitalia. 12. P. m i n u t a (Greene); a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, ventral view. 13. P. ostenta (Melander); a. lateral view; b. epiphallic complex, dorsal view; c. gonocoxites, dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.