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opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Development and mortality of Marshallagia marshalli

Across a species' range, populations are exposed to their local thermal environments, which on an evolutionary scale, may cause adaptative differences among populations. Helminths often have broad geographic ranges and temperature-sensitive life stages, but little is known about whether and how local thermal adaptation can influence their response to climate change. We studied the thermal responses of the free-living stages of Marshallagia marshalli, a parasitic nematode of wild ungulates, along a latitudinal gradient. We first determine its distribution in wild sheep species in North America. Then we cultured M. marshalli eggs from different locations at temperatures from 5 to 38°C. We fit performance curves based on the Metabolic Theory of Ecology to determine whether development and mortality showed evidence of local thermal adaptation. We used parameter estimates in life-cycle-based host-parasite models to understand how local thermal responses may influence parasite performance under general and location-specific climate-change projections. We found that M. marshalli has a wide latitudinal and host range, infecting wild sheep species from New Mexico to Yukon. Increases in mortality and development time at higher temperatures were most evident for isolates from northern locations. Accounting for location-specific parasite parameters primarily influenced the magnitude of climate change parasite performance, while accounting for location-specific climates primarily influenced the phenology of parasite performance. Despite differences in development and mortality among M. marshalli populations, when using site-specific climate change projections, there was a similar magnitude of impact on the relative performance of M. marshalli among populations. Climate change is predicted to decrease the expected lifetime reproductive output of M. marshalli in all populations while delaying its seasonal peak by approximately one month. Our research suggests that accurate projections of the impacts of climate change on broadly distributed species need to consider local adaptations of organisms together with local temperature profiles and climate projections.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Dataset for: Utilizing high-resolution genetic markers to track population-level exposure of migratory birds to renewable energy development

With new motivation to increase the proportion of energy demands met by zero-carbon sources, there is a greater focus on efforts to assess and mitigate the impacts of renewable energy development on sensitive ecosystems and wildlife, of which birds are of particular interest. One challenge for researchers, due in part to a lack of appropriate tools, has been estimating the effects from such development on individual breeding populations of migratory birds. To help address this, we utilize a newly developed, high-resolution genetic tagging method to rapidly identify the breeding population of origin of carcasses recovered from renewable energy facilities and combine them with maps of genetic variation across geographic space (called 'genoscapes') for five species of migratory birds known to be exposed to energy development, to assess the extent of population-level effects on migratory birds. We demonstrate that most avian remains collected were from the largest populations of a given species. In contrast, those remains from smaller, declining populations made up a smaller percentage of the total number of birds assayed. Results suggest that application of this genetic tagging method can successfully define population-level exposure to renewable energy development and may be a powerful tool to inform future siting and mitigation activities associated with renewable energy programs.

Database from 2021-2023. Sustainable development in Polish family businesses.

Database developed on the basis of a questionnaire based on the approach of self-identification of the degree of fulfillment of certain aspects of the sustainability dimensions (TLB)

Development Settings

The development settings used in the publication " Imaged Based Clinical Evaluation of Suction Blister Wounds". Instructions for use: 1. Open Adobe Lightroom Classic 2. Click on File -> Import Profiles and Presets in the head menu of lightroom. 3. Choose the files downloaded from here. 4. Apply the development setting to images using the preset sidebar.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Cognitive development among children in a low-income setting: cost-effectiveness analysis of a maternal nutrition education intervention in rural Uganda

Inadequate nutrition and insufficient stimulation in early childhood can lead to long-term deficits in cognitive and social development. Evidence for policy and decision-making regarding the cost of delivering nutrition education is lacking in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In rural Uganda, we conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effect of a maternal nutrition education intervention on developmental outcomes among children aged 6–8 months. This intervention led to significantly improved cognitive scores when the children reached the age of 20–24 months. When considering the potential for this intervention's future implementation, the desired effects should be weighed against the increased costs. This study therefore aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of this education intervention compared with current practice. Health outcome data were based on the RCT. Cost data were collected via interviews with researchers involved in processing the intervention. This study considered a healthcare provider perspective for an 18-month time horizon. The control group was considered as the current practice for the future large-scale implementation of this intervention. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, including calculations of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). In addition, uncertainty in the results was characterized using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The ICER for the education intervention compared with current practice was USD ($) 16.50 per cognitive composite score gained, with an incremental cost of $265.79 and an incremental cognitive composite score of 16.11. The sensitivity analyses indicated the robustness of these results. The ICER was sensitive to changes in cognitive composite score and the cost of personnel, but the education intervention can be considered cost-effective compared with the current practice. The outcome of this study, including the cost analysis, health outcome, cost-effectiveness, and sensitivity analysis, can be useful to inform policymakers and stakeholders about effective resource allocation processes in Uganda and possibly other LMIC.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Dataset: Evolution Of Computational Ontologies: Assessing Development Processes Using Metrics

Ontologies facilitate meaning between human and computational actors. On the one hand, the underlying technology can be considered mature. It has a standardized language, established tools for editing and sharing, and broad adoption in practice and research. On the other hand, we still know little about how these artifacts evolve over their lifetime, even though knowledge of the development process could influence quality control. It would enable us to give knowledge engineers better modeling or selection guidelines. This paper examines the evolution of computational ontologies using ontology metrics. First, we gathered hypotheses on the ontology development process. We assume that groups of ontologies follow a similar development pattern and that a stereotypical development process exists. Afterward, these hypotheses are tested against historical metric data from 7053 versions from 69 dormant ontologies. We will show that ontology development processes are highly heterogeneous. While the made hypotheses are partly true for a slight majority of ontologies, concluding the bigger picture of ontology development down to the individual ontologies is mostly not possible. Further, the data revealed that most ontologies have disruptive change events for most of the measures attributes. These disruptive events are further examined regarding their occurrences, combinations, and sizes.

Demand-Side Constraints in Development: The Role of Market Size, Trade, and (In)Equality

Data and replication code package for the paper "Demand-Side Constraints in Development: The Role of Market Size, Trade, and (In)Equality"

Data used for modeling in Energy-water-land-CCUS nexus model: carbon dioxide opportunities based on optimized regional development

In this dataset, the data used for modeling technologies in an energy-water-land-CCUS nexus model in Khark Island in Iran, and the main sources for gathering them are presented.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Comprehensive Re-annotation and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insights into Pepper Development and Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis

This archive contains high-quality gene annotation file termed v2a of the pepper reference genome CA59 and gene expression file in pepper development in the pepper "Comprehensive Re-annotation and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insights into Pepper Development and Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis"

Heterocypris incongruens maintains an egg bank in stormwater habitats and influences the development of larval mosquito, Culex restuans

Dormant propagules can provide a rapid colonization source for temporary aquatic habitats and set the trajectory for community dynamics, yet the egg banks of stormwater management systems have received little attention. We asked which species hatched from the sediment of drainage ditches in Champaign County, IL, and found bdelloid rotifers and ostracods (Heterocypris incongruens) to be the most common taxa. These sites also are colonized by mosquitoes, and we established laboratory experiments to examine interspecific interactions between common co-occurring taxa. Culex restuans larvae were reared in the presence or absence of H. incongruens at two intra- and interspecific densities (20 or 40 total individuals) and their survivorship to adulthood, development time to adulthood, adult body size, and sex ratio were determined. Survival for Cx. restuans was significantly lower at high larval density than at low larval density in both treatments. Culex restuans larvae reared in the presence of H. incongruens had a shorter development time to adulthood and emerged as larger adults compared to those reared in the absence of H. incongruens. The sex ratios in the H. incongruens treatments were female-biased whereas those in the Culex-only treatments were male-biased. These differences may have epidemiological implications, as only female mosquitoes serve as disease vectors. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding interspecific interactions in influencing larval mosquito development traits.

Data for: Sourdough starters exhibit similar succession patterns but develop flour-specific climax communities

The microbial fermentation behind sourdough bread is among our oldest technologies, yet there are many opportunities for sourdough science to learn from traditional bakers. We analyzed the microbiome structure and function of 40 starters (grown from 10 types of flour) over 14 days and identified 6 distinct stages of succession. At each stage, bacterial taxa correlate with key functions that determine bread quality, including pH, rise, and aromatic profile. Day 1 starter cultures were dominated by microorganisms commonly associated with plants and flour and by aromas similar to toasted grain/cereal. Bacterial diversity peaked from days 2-6 as taxa shifted from opportunistic/generalist bacteria associated with flour inputs, toward specialized climax bacterial communities (days 10–14) characterized by acid-tolerant taxa and fruity (p<3.03e-03), sour (p<1.60e-01), and fermented (p<1.47e-05) aromas. This collection of traits changes predictably through time, regardless of flour type, highlighting patterns of bacterial constraints and dynamics that are conserved across systems and scales. Yet, while sourdough climax communities exhibit similar markers of maturity (i.e., pH ≤4 and enriched in Lactobacillus [mean abundance 48.1%], Pediococcus [mean abundance 22.7%], and/or Gluconobacter [mean abundance 19.1%],), we also detected specific taxa and aromas associated with each type of flour. Our results address important ecological questions about the relationship between community structure and function and may enable bakers to deliberately select for specific sourdough starter and bread characteristics.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Dataset underpinning the development of a PBK model for inhalation of TiO2 NPs in rats

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td> This dataset contains concentration-time profiles (expressed as % of the initial dose) of 20 nm TiO2 nanoparticles following a 2-hour inhalation experiment in rats, with tissue and excreta samples taken over a period of 28 days post exposure. The data were extracted from the publication of Kreyling et al. (2019) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-019-0303-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-019-0303-7</a>)      </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Experiencing short heat waves early in development changes thermal responsiveness of turtle embryos to later heat waves

Although physiological responses to the thermal environment are most frequently investigated using constant temperatures, the incorporation of thermal variability can allow for a more accurate prediction of how thermally sensitive species respond to a rapidly changing climate. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), developmental responses to incubation temperature are mediated by several genes involved in gonadal differentiation. Kdm6b and Dmrt1 respond to cool incubation temperatures and are associated with testis development, while Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 respond to warm incubation temperatures and are associated with ovary development. Using fluctuating incubation temperatures, we designed two studies, one investigating how conflicting thermal cues affect the timing of commitment to gonadal development, and another investigating the rapid molecular responses to conflicting thermal cues in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Using gene expression as a proxy of timing of commitment to gonadal fate, results from the first study show that exposure to high amounts of conflicting thermal cues during development delays commitment to gonadal fate. Results from the second study show that Kdm6b splice variants exhibit differential responses to early heat wave exposure, but rapidly (within 2 days) recover to pre-exposure levels after the heat wave. Despite changes in the expression of Kdm6b splice variants, there was no effect on Dmrt1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate how short exposures to heat early in development can change how embryos respond to heat later in development.

Heat-induced maternal effects shape avian eggshell traits and embryo development and phenotype at high incubation temperatures

Phenotypic plasticity is an important avenue by which organisms may persist in the face of rapid environmental change. Environmental cues experienced by the mother can also influence the phenotype of offspring, a form of plasticity called maternal effects. Maternal effects can adaptively prepare offspring for the environmental conditions they will experience, however, their ability to buffer offspring against environmental stressors as embryos is understudied. Using captive zebra finches, we performed a maternal-offspring environmental match-mismatch experiment utilizing a 2x2x2 factorial design. Mothers were exposed to a mild heat conditioning (38 °C) or control (22 °C) treatment as juveniles, an acute high heat (42 °C) or control (22 °C) treatment as adults, then paired for breeding. The eggs produced by those females were incubated at a hyperthermic (38.5 °C) or optimal temperature (37.2 °C). We found that when mothers were exposed to a mild heat conditioning as juveniles, their embryos exhibited reduced water loss, longer development times, and produced hatchlings with heavier pectoralis muscles when incubated at high incubation temperatures, compared to embryos from control mothers. Mothers exposed to both the mild heat conditioning as juveniles and a high heat stressor as adults produced eggs with a higher density of shell pores, and embryos with lower heart rates during development. However, there was a cost when there was a mismatch between maternal and embryo environment. Embryos from these conditioned and heat-stressed mothers had reduced survival at control incubation temperatures, indicating the importance of offspring environment when interpreting potential adaptive effects.

Data from: Novel methods to define invasive procedures at the end-of-life were developed to improve quality of end of life care research: A population-based cohort study in colorectal cancer

Background Understanding the use of invasive procedures (IPs) at the end-of-life (EoL) is important to avoid under- and overtreatment, but epidemiologic analysis is hampered by limited methods to define treatment intent and EoL phase. This study applied novel methods to report IPs at the EoL using a colorectal cancer (CRC) case study. Methods An English population-based cohort of adult patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 was used with follow-up to 2018. Procedure intent (curative, non-curative, diagnostic) by cancer site and stage at diagnosis was classified by two surgeons independently. Joinpoint regression modelled weekly rates of IPs for 36 sub-cohorts of patients with incremental survival of 0-36 months. EoL phase was defined by a significant IP rate change before death. Zero-inflated Poisson regression explored associations between IP rates and clinical/sociodemographic variables. Results Of 87,731 patients included, 41,972 (48%) died. 9,492 procedures were classified by intent (interrater agreement 99.8%). Patients received 502,895 IPs (1.39 and 3.36 per person year for survivors and decedents). Joinpoint regression identified significant increases in IPs four weeks before death in those living 3-6 months, and eight weeks before death in those living 7–36 months from diagnosis. 7,908 (18.8%) patients underwent IPs at the EoL, with stoma formation the most common major procedure. Younger age, early-stage disease, men, lower comorbidity, those receiving chemotherapy and living longer from diagnosis were associated with IPs. Conclusions Methods to identify and classify IPs at the EoL were developed and tested within a CRC population. This approach can be now extended and validated to identify potential under- and overtreatment.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Multi-stage Development within Anisotropy Insight of an Anticyclone Eddy in Northwestern South China Sea in 2021

data For Multi-stage Development within Anisotropy Insight of an Anticyclone Eddy in Northwestern South China Sea in 2021.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

The Use of VR/AR End-User Development Tools in Education: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges

Dataset of the paper "The Use of VR/AR End-User Development Tools in Education: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges"

Developing Deep Learning Approaches to Find and Classify Architectural Design Decisions in Issue Tracking Systems

This upload contains three files: <ol> <li>mongodump-JiraRepos_2023-03-07-16 00.archive: Archive containing the issue data pulled from the Jira API.</li> <li>mongodump-MiningDesignDecisions.archive: Archive containing the data of our deep learning models and the labelled issues.</li> <li>mongodump-MiningDesignDecisions-lite.archive: Similar to the archive above, except this one only contains the best trained model (BERT). Also, it does not contain any embeddings or other files.</li> </ol> This archive contains the data of our deep learning models and the labelled issues (MiningDesignDecisions archive).

Data from: genetic resources of macroalgae: development of an efficient method using microsatellite markers in non-model organisms

Red and brown seaweeds are species with high ecological and economic importance. Here we report the feasibility of cost-effective molecular marker development in 6 species from different clades. Microsatellites markers of two brown seaweed species Alaria esculenta, Pylaiella littoralis, and of four red seaweed species Calliblepharis jubata, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilaria dura and Palmaria palmata were identified and characterized using genomic sequences of Double-Digest Restriction site Associated DNA (ddRAD). A total of 64,623,186 reads were generated from two runs of multiplexed Illumina Miseq sequencing for which 30,636 reads containing microsatellites and 15,443 microsatellite loci with primers pairs were found. Five hundred seventy-six primers pairs were selected for amplification trials and levels of polymorphism. From the 338 that gave a positive amplification, 142 primers pairs were polymorphic. For genetic analyses two or three populations per species from 13 different geographic locations were used. A total of 28 usable polymorphic markers for A. esculenta, 18 for P. littoralis, 11 for C. jubata, 14 for G. gracilis, 21 for G. dura and 13 for P. palmata were developed. The overall number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 22. These 105 new microsatellite markers will be useful for further studies of population genetics, breeding programs and conservation genetics of these species. Compared with traditional approaches, our study yielded thousands of microsatellite loci in a short time with affordable costs in six different species. This study based on ddRAD-sequencing for the development of microsatellite markers provides preliminary data using a few individuals from two distinct populations on the genetic structure and reproduction mode of a non-model species as shown with the detection of clonality for the two red algae, C. jubata and G. dura and the detection of highly genetically divergent populations corresponding probably to different cryptic species under the name of P. littoralis.