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10,767 results for “Contribution”
Phylogenomics reveals patterns ancient hybridization and differential diversification that contribute to phylogenetic conflict in willows, poplars, and close relatives
<p>Despite the economic, ecological, and scientific importance of the genera <em>Salix</em> L. (willows) and <em>Populus</em> L. (poplars, cottonwoods, and aspens) Salicaceae, we know little about the sources of differences in species diversity between the genera and of the phylogenetic conflict that often confounds estimating phylogenetic trees. <em>Salix</em> subgenera and sections, in particular, have been difficult to classify, with one recent attempt termed a 'spectacular failure' due to a speculated radiation of the subgenera <em>Vetrix</em> and <em>Chamaetia</em>. Here we use targeted sequence capture to understand the evolutionary history of this portion of the Salicaceae plant family. Our phylogenetic hypothesis was based on 787 gene regions and identified extensive phylogenetic conflict among genes. Our analysis supported some previously described subgeneric relationships and confirmed polyphyly of others. Using an f<sub>branch</sub> analysis we identified several cases of hybridization in deep branches of the phylogeny, which likely contributed to discordance among gene trees. In addition, we identified a rapid increase in diversification rate near the origination of the <em>Vetrix</em>-<em>Chamaetia</em> clade in <em>Salix</em>. This region of the tree coincided with several nodes that lacked strong statistical support, indicating a possible increase in incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid diversification. The extraordinary level of both recent and ancient hybridization in both <em>Salix</em> and <em>Populus</em> have played important roles in the diversification and diversity in these two genera.</p>
Data for "Measurement report: A one-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM10 in a coastal area in Northern France."
<p>The characterization and the source apportionment of PM10 data have been used for the article "<strong>Measurement report: A one-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM<sub>10</sub> in a coastal area in Northern France</strong>," which is under revision in the journal <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physic</em><em>s. </em></p>
Disentangling the relative contributions of factors determining seed physical defence: a global-scale data synthesis
<p>Physical defence investment in seeds varies greatly among plant species and is affected by many potential factors. However, the relative importance of influential factors has not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we compiled a global database of the seed coat ratio (SCR), a proxy of seed physical defence, for 1,357 species. Using partial R<sup>2</sup> calculation that can estimate the reduction in explained variance of a given factor after removing it from a full model containing all the other factors, we disentangled the relative contributions of seven factors commonly used to explain variation in the SCR. Seed desiccation response and phylogeny explained a large amount of SCR variation among species, with a partial R<sup>2</sup><sub>lik</sub> value of 13.31% and 10.62%, respectively. Seed dormancy, plant growth form, seed mass, climate region, and fruit type showed little power to explain SCR variation, although they are often cited in the literature as potential factors. Our results highlight the important roles of seed desiccation response and phylogeny in shaping interspecific variation in the SCR. These findings provide a detailed interpretation of both evolutionary and ecological patterns underlying the physical defence mechanisms and allocation strategies of plant seeds.</p>
Figure 3 in A tribute to Victor H. Gonzalez: Twenty years of melittological contributions
Figure 3. Victor collecting in Boyacá, Colombia.
Data for: Host infection dynamics and disease induced mortality modify species contributions to the environmental reservoir
<p>Environmental pathogen reservoirs exist for many globally important diseases and can fuel epidemics, influence pathogen evolution, and increase the threat of host extinction. Species composition can be an important factor that shapes reservoir dynamics and ultimately determines the outcome of a disease outbreak. However, disease-induced mortality can change species communities, indicating that species responsible for environmental reservoir maintenance may change over time. Here we examine reservoir dynamics of <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> <em>destructans</em>, the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome in bats. We quantified changes in pathogen shedding, infection prevalence and intensity, host abundance, and the subsequent propagule pressure imposed by each species over time. We find that highly shedding species are important during pathogen invasion, but contribute less over time to environmental contamination as they also suffer the greatest declines. Less infected species remain more abundant, resulting in equivalent or higher propagule pressure. More broadly, we demonstrate that high infection intensity and subsequent mortality during disease progression can reduce the contributions of high-shedding species to long-term pathogen maintenance.</p>
Crystal electric field contribution to the thermoelectric power of the CeCoAl4 antiferromagnetic
<p>We report on the thermoelectric power S(T), electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity measurements on the antiferromagnetic CeCoAl<sub>4</sub> compound and on the nonmagnetic reference compound, LaCoAl<sub>4</sub>. The Neel temperature of CeCoAl<sub>4</sub> is T<sub>N</sub> = 13.5K and a metamagnetic-like transition occurs in the magnetic field of about 7.5T. We show that the magnetic contribution to the thermoelectric power, S<sub>f</sub> (T), exhibits a large peak due to the crystal electric field (CEF) at about 240K and a small anomaly around the ordering temperature. Surprisingly, the CEF related S<sub>f</sub> (T) peak is close to the upper CEF excitation energy <span class="math-tex">\(\Delta_2\)</span> = 202K, in contrast to the usual case of the peak position being located at a fraction of the observed CEF energy level. The applicability of different theoretical and phenomenological models describing the temperature dependence of the Seebeck effect S<sub>f</sub> (T) has been tested and finally a calculation is proposed, which incorporates a full CEF levels scheme.</p>
Figures 35-36 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Brazilian Leurus Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae)
Figures 35-36. Map of known distribution occurrences of Leurus in Brazil. (35) L. angustignathus. (36) L. caeruliventris.
Figures 29-34 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Brazilian Leurus Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae)
Figures 29-34. Males. Genital capsules and hypopygium of Leurus in dorsal view. (29) Genital capsule of L. discus, (30) Genital capsule of L. gracius and (31) Genital capsule of L. caeruliventris. (32) Hypopygium of L. discus, (33) Hypopygium of L. gracius and (34) Hypopygium of L. caeruliventris. Scale bars: 200 μm.
Figures 22-28 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Brazilian Leurus Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae)
Figures 22-28. Leurus gracius, Male. (22) Face in frontal view. (23, 24) Detail of the mandible, with the presence of the ventral lobe, in frontal view. (25) Lateromedial longitudinal carina of propodeum in dorsal view. (26) Lateromedial longitudinal carina in the first metasomal tergite in dorsal view. (27) Habitus. (28) Metasoma in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 μm (22), 100 μm (23), 100 μm (24), 200 μm (25), 200 μm (26), 2.0 mm (27), and 2.0 mm (28).
Figures 8-14 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Brazilian Leurus Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae)
Figures 8-14. Leurus caeruliventris, Female. (8) Face in frontal view. (9, 10) Detail of the mandible, with the presence of the ventral lobe, in frontal view. (11) Lateromedial longitudinal carina of propodeum in dorsal view. (12) Lateromedial longitudinal carina in the first metasomal tergite in dorsal view. (13) Habitus. (14) Metasoma in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 μm (8), 100 μm (9), 100 μm (10), 200 μm (11), 200 μm (12), 2.0 mm (13) and 500 μm (14).
Figures 15-21 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Brazilian Leurus Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae)
Figures 15-21. Leurus discus, Male. (15) Face in frontal view. (16, 17) Detail of the mandible, with the presence of the ventral lobe, in frontal view. (18) Lateromedial longitudinal carina of propodeum in dorsal view. (19) Lateromedial longitudinal carina in the first metasomal tergite in dorsal view. (20) Habitus. (21) Metasoma in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 μm (15), 100 μm (16), 100 μm (17), 200 μm (18), 200 μm (19), 2.0 mm (20) and 500 μm (21).
Volunteers in Public Service Production: Modeling the Contributions of Volunteers to Organizational Performance
<p>Volunteer use is an alternative service delivery arrangement in which public organizations directly involve volunteers in service production through a quasi-employment relationship. However, research evaluating the contributions of volunteer labor to organizational performance is relatively few. This article fills this gap by drawing from two theoretical insights. First, we test a linear model based on the traditional human resource management approach of interchangeability in which volunteers constitute a one-on-one substitute for paid employees. Second, we draw insight from critical mass theory to test a nonlinear model based on the assumption that the productivity of one volunteer may not be equal to that of one paid employee due to the systematic limitations of volunteer labor. Analyzing a large-N panel dataset of law enforcement agencies in the United States that utilize sworn volunteers with general arrest powers, the findings indicate that an increase in the number of sworn volunteers has a linear negative effect on clearing violent crimes in sheriffs' offices. However, we also find some evidence that volunteer use displays curvilinear effects on clearing violent crimes in police departments. This article suggests the need to account for the systematic limitations of volunteer labor when measuring performance and to explore multiple indicators. This study contributes to theory building and testing by enabling a two-way understanding of the relationship between volunteer involvement and organizational performance in the public sector.</p>
Aerosol indirect-effect-derived PM2.5 contributions during the development of convective clouds over the Yellow Sea in July of 2017
<p>Meteorological processes are investigated during the development of deep convective clouds over the Yellow Sea inside a quasi-stationary rainy front in the East Asian region. WRF-Chem simulations were conducted to assess the aerosol-indirect-effect (AIE)-derived PM<sub>2.5</sub> contributions to the cloud microphysical process in deep convective clouds and the associated precipitation.</p> <p>In our dataset, you can find output of WRF-Chem baseline simulations (BASE) and other sensitivity simulated outputs (CONTROL). Furthermore, model variables of precipitations, cloud top temperature (CTT), surface-level pressure (SLP), convective available potential energy (CAPE), and hydrometer mixing ratios of cloud water (qcloud), raindrops (qrain), and ice (qice) can be found in these zip files.</p> <p>If you have any difficulty downloading these datasets, please feel free to contact the first author, kimhsung@gmail.com. All references and acknowledgments can be found in our paper</p>
Supplementary data for Contribution of reproductive developmental gene diversity to the morphological variability of panicle in African rice
<p> </p> <p>African rice, <em>Oryza glaberrima</em> Steud., is a crop closely related to Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and represents a valuable resource for enhancing biotic and abiotic resistance properties in rice cultivation. Despite extensive research on the genetic basis of panicle architecture in O. sativa, our understanding of the molecular genetic factors governing this essential trait in <em>O. glaberrima</em> remains limited. Furthermore, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the intra- and inter-specific diversity of panicle development and architecture in relation to the domestication of rice species. To bridge these gaps, our study employed a comprehensive approach, including in silico analyses, candidate gene-based association analysis, genome-wide association analysis, and analysis of structural variants (SVs) present in GWAS sites. The findings of this study significantly contribute to our understanding of the molecular genetic factors underlying rice panicle development and architecture. Furthermore, they provide promising targets for future efforts to improve the panicle morphological traits of this essential crop.</p>
Data for: A unique C-terminal domain contributes to the molecular function of restorer-of-fertility proteins in plant mitochondria
<p><em><span>Restorer-of-fertility</span></em><span><em> </em>(<em>Rf</em>) genes have practical applications in hybrid seed production as a means to control self-pollination. They encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins that are targeted to mitochondria where they specifically bind to transcripts that induce cytoplasmic male sterility and repress their expression. </span></p> <p>We have identified a unique domain, RfCTD (Restorer-of-fertility C-terminal domain), which discriminates <em>Restorer-of-fertility-like</em> (RFL) proteins from hundreds of PPR proteins encoded in plant genomes. Using the sequence of this domain from hundreds of plant species, we have constructed a sequence profile that can quickly and accurately identify RfCTD sequences in plant genomes or transcriptomes. </p> <p>This data set contains PPR genes identified in 213 plant genomes (as summarised in accompanying table). </p>
DNA metabarcoding illuminates the contribution of small and very small prey taxa to the diet of lions
<p><span>Knowledge of food web interactions is essential for understanding the role of carnivores in an ecosystem and designing appropriate conservation and management strategies to preserve them. These interactions can only be understood by studying carnivores' diets and obtaining comprehensive and unbiased diet data. For large carnivores – which typically rely on large herbivores as prey – the role of smaller prey species has not received attention. This study aims to quantify the contribution of small (5–50 kg) and very small (<5 kg) prey taxa in the diet of lions (</span><em><span>Panthera leo melanochaita</span></em><span>)</span><span> in four Kenyan National Parks (NPs). We use DNA metabarcoding to achieve higher-resolution insights into prey composition, which is less biased toward large prey species compared to traditional methods, such as carcass counts. Our study identified 24 prey taxa in a total of 171 lion fecal samples. Small and very small p</span><span>rey taxa together contributed 18.7% out of 278 prey occurrences in all fecal samples. With comparable small prey presence (ranging from 8% to 15%) in the diet for each NP studied. This approach </span><span>proved to be useful in detecting small and very small prey species in the diet of lions and can therefore be used in future research to uncover the diverse diet composition of these large carnivores. The consistent presence of smaller prey species in the diet indicates that lions generally supplement their large prey diet with smaller prey. </span></p>
Seed imbibition and metabolism differentially contribute to initial assembly of the soybean holobiont
<p>Positive 16S rRNA controls linked to the NCBI Bioproject <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA915932">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA915932</a></p>
Seed imbibition and metabolism differentially contribute to initial assembly of the soybean holobiont
<p>Negative 16S rRNA controls for data linked to the NCBI Bioproject <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA915932">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA915932</a></p>
Dataset associated with paper "On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability"
<p><strong>Data repository for Yung & Holmes (2023) </strong><i><strong>On the contribution of transient diabatic processes to ocean heat transport and temperature variability</strong></i><strong>, submitted to Journal of Physical Oceanography</strong></p><p>This repository contains:</p><p>- processed global ocean model data (including all data required to reproduce figures)</p><p>- analysis scripts to create figures (extra analysis and computation scripts are available at https://github.com/claireyung/Eddy_Diathermal_Code)</p><p>- 1D mixing model code (also available at https://github.com/claireyung/Diff1D/tree/Claire_2022)</p><p>Files: </p><p>- Diff1D.zip contains matlab code, figure code and output data</p><p>- DHT-MHT-Paper_Plots.ipynb contains figure code for most paper figures</p><p>- Seasonal_range_SST_SHF_MLD.ipynb contains figure code for Fig. 6</p><p>- 10Year-025-Monthly_decomp.ipynb, 1Year-025-Daily_decomp.ipynb demonstrate analysis binning process to go from model data to processed data</p><p>Processed data:</p><p>- ocean_grid.nc, output000fwmass_m_copy.nc have grid information</p><p>- ocean_heat_mean.nc, ocean_month_mean.nc, ocean_wmass_mean.nc contain 10 year means of model diagnostics</p><p>- seasonal_climatology_monthly_temp_SF_MX_mld_compress.nc contains monthly climatology used for Fig. 6</p><p>- min_SST_10yr_daily_data.nc and max_SST_10yr_daily_data.nc have the maximum and minimum daily average SST</p><p>- 10day_mean_10year_means.nc, 2mo_mean_10year_means.nc, sc_2mo_mean_10year_means.nc, 1day_mean_10year_means.nc, Mean_10year_means.nc, True_10year_means.nc are processed and binned data at the various timescales for plotting.</p><p>The model used is the 0.25 degree RYF version of ACCESS-OM2 (Kiss et al. 2020, GMD). The configuration used to run the model can be found here: https://github.com/claireyung/025deg_jra55_ryf/tree/norediGM_run_diaT_exdiags_mixingterms_smallterms . The zenodo repository https://zenodo.org/records/10052149 contains the files needed to run the model.</p><p>Contact: claire.yung@anu.edu.au</p>
Data from: The contributions of flower strips to wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes can be predicted using pollinator habitat suitability models
<p>Sowing flower strips along field edges is a widely adopted method for conserving pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. To maximize the effect of flower strips given limited resources, we need spatially explicit tools that can prioritize their placement, and for identifying plant species to include in seed mixtures.</p> <p>We sampled bees and plant species as well as their interactions in a semi-controlled field experiment with roadside/field edge pairs with/without a sown flower strip at 31 sites in Norway and used a regional spatial model of solitary bee species richness to test if the effect of flower strips on bee species richness was predictable from the modelled solitary bee species richness.</p> <p>We found that sites with flower strips were more bee species rich compared to sites without flower strips and that this effect was greatest in areas that the regional solitary bee species richness model had identified to be particularly important for bees. Spatial models revealed that even within small landscapes there were pronounced differences between field edges in the predicted effect of sowing flower strips.</p> <p>Of the plant species that attracted the most bee species, the majority mainly attracted bumblebees and only few species also attracted solitary bees. Considering both the taxonomic diversity of bees and the species richness of bees attracted by plants we suggest that seed mixes containing <em>Hieracium </em>spp. such as <em>Hieracium umbellatum </em>and <em>Pilosella officinarum</em>; <em>Taraxacum</em> spp; <em>Trifolium repens</em>;<em> Lotus corniculatus</em>; S<em>tellaria graminea</em>; and <em>Achillea millefolium</em> would provide resources for diverse bee communities in our region.</p> <p>Spatial prediction models of bee diversity can be used to identify locations where flower strips are likely to have the largest effect and can thereby provide managers with an important tool for prioritizing how funding for agri-environmental schemes such as flower strips should be allocated. Such flower strips should contain plant species that are attractive to both solitary and bumblebees, and do not need to be particularly plant species rich as long as the selected plants complement each other.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.