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opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Tyrannosaurus rex runs again: a theoretical analysis of the hypothesis that full-grown large theropods had a locomotory advantage to hunt in a shallow-water environment

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the hunting scenario. Tyrannosaurus rex is wading in mode II, while Edmontosaurus annectens and Struthiomimus sedens are already engaged in mode IV, corresponding to surface swimming.

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Figure 3. A in Tyrannosaurus rex runs again: a theoretical analysis of the hypothesis that full-grown large theropods had a locomotory advantage to hunt in a shallow-water environment

Figure 3. A comparative plot of maximum speed in water as a function of water depth for the three species studied here.

opennotspecifiedMay 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Helminths of freshwater turtles in Northeastern Brazil: parasite-host-environment relationships

Figure 1. Locations where the turtles Phrynops geoffroanus and Mesoclemmys tuberculata were collected from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, Northeastern Brazil: (1) Reserva Biológica de Santa Isabel (municipality of Pirambú); (2) Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco (municipality of Capela); (3) Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana (municipality of Areia Branca); (4) Monumento Natural do Rio São Francisco (municipality of Poço Redondo); (5) Monumento Natural Grota do Angico (municipality of Poço Redondo); and (6) Basin of Real River (municipality of Tobias Barreto).

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Mismatches between phenotype and environment shape fitness at hyperlocal scales (Agama atra)

In the era of human-driven climate change, understanding whether behavioural buffering of temperature change is linked with organismal fitness is essential. According to the "cost-benefit" model of thermoregulation, animals that live in environments with high frequencies of favourable thermal microclimates should incur lower thermoregulatory costs, thermoregulate more efficiently and shunt the associated savings in time and energy towards other vital tasks such as feeding, territory defence, and mate acquisition, increasing fitness. Here, we explore how thermal landscapes at the scale of individual territories, physiological performance, and behaviour interact and shape fitness in the southern rock agama lizard (Agama atra). We integrated laboratory assays of whole organism performance with behavioural observations in the field, fine-scale estimates of environmental temperature, and paternity assignment of offspring to test whether fitness is predicted by territory thermal quality (i.e., the number of hours that operative temperatures in a territory fall within individual's performance breadth). Male lizards that occupied territories of low thermal quality spent more time behaviourally compensating for suboptimal temperatures and displayed less. Further, display rate was positively associated with lizard fitness, suggesting that there is an opportunity cost to engaging in thermoregulatory behaviour that will increase as climate change progresses.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean

While the domestication process has been investigated in many crops, the detailed route of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here using mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than one thousand accessions to illustrate climatic adaptation's role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion. Despite the geographical proximity between South and Central Asia, genetic evidence suggests mungbean cultivation first spread from South Asia to Southeast, East, and finally reached Central Asia. Combining evidence from demographic inference, climatic niche modeling, plant morphology, and records from ancient Chinese sources, we showed that the specific route was shaped by the unique combinations of climatic constraints and farmer practices across Asia, which imposed divergent selection favoring higher yield in the south but short-season and more drought-tolerant accessions in the north. Our results suggest that mungbean did not radiate from the domestication center as expected purely under human activity, but instead, the spread of mungbean cultivation is highly constrained by climatic adaptation, echoing the idea that human commensals are more difficult to spread through the south-north axis of continents.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Figure data of "Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments"

This dataset involves the data that is used for the figures in "Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments".

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data of Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory Station of Lanzhou University (SACOL) (2019.12.09-2021.12.31)

Data Description The PM2.5 mass concentrations were observed by using a tapered element oscillating microbalance machine (TEOM, Model RP-1400A, Thermo Scientific, USA) with a temporal resolution of 1 minute. An aethalometer (Model AE31, Magee Scientific, USA) with a PM2.5 inlet was used to measure the aerosol light absorption coefficients at 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm. Aerosol scattering coefficients of PM2.5 at 450, 550, and 700 nm wavelengths were observed by using an integrating nephelometer (Model 3563, TSI, USA) with a time resolution of 10 seconds. The micro-pulse lidar was installed approximately 50 m north of the tethered balloon observation site and used to observe atmospheric echoes within 20 km vertically and then invert parameters such as the aerosol σ and aerosol optical depth. The detailed parameters of lidar are shown in Table 1. A tethered balloon (volume: 10 m3; payload: 8 kg) was used to carry the following equipment: (1) MA200 micro-aethalometer (Magee Scientific, USA), (2) TSI 9306 optical particle counter (OPC, TSI, USA), (3) KZXLT-II sounding system from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, and (4) GPSMAP 639sc GPS (GARMIN, USA). Sounding observations were made at 02:00, 08:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00, and 20:00 each day from December 9 to 31, 2019. A total of 91 vertical profiles were obtained for each of the available absorbing aerosols, particle number concentrations, and meteorological parameters. The MA200 measures light absorption at 5 wavelengths (375, 470, 528, 625 and 880 nm), and a dual-spot® compensation for loading effect correction is available. The MA200 observations have been converted to 550 nm in this data based on the AAE during the observation period. OPC was used to measure the particle number concentrations and particle number size distribution in the 0–10 μm size range. The temporal resolutions of MA200 and OPC were ~ 10 s, and their vertical resolutions were ~ 10 m. KZXLT-II sounding system was used to measure the vertical distribution of meteorological elements. GPS was used to measure real-time altitude.   Table 1. Main parameters of micro-pulse lidar <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Projects </td> <td> Parameters </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Detector </td> <td> Avalanche laser APD, photon counting model </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Observation band </td> <td> 532 nm </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Pulse frequency </td> <td> 2500 Hz </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Pulse energy </td> <td> 3~4 µJ </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Maximum observation range </td> <td> 15 km </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Time resolution </td> <td> 1 min </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Vertical Resolution </td> <td> 30 m </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Lee W, Kim JS, Seo CW, Lee JW, Kim SH, Cho Y, Lim YW (2023) Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species. MycoKeys 98: 87-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.101918

Strains of Cladosporium isolated in this study with detailed information on habitats and regions and GenBank accession numbers

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Simulation code for: Effects of population size change on the genetics of adaptation following an abrupt change in environment

Since the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics over a century ago, there has been much debate about the evolutionary importance of mutations with large phenotypic effects. While population genetic models predict that large-effect mutations will typically contribute to adaptation following an abrupt change in environment, the prediction applies to populations of stable size and overlooks effects of population size change on adaptation (e.g., population decline following habitat loss; growth during range expansion). We evaluate the phenotypic and fitness effects of mutations contributing to adaptation immediately following an abrupt environmental shift that alters both selection and population size dynamics. We show that large-effect mutations are likely to contribute to adaptation in populations declining to a new carrying capacity, somewhat smaller-effect mutations contribute to evolutionary rescue, and small-effect mutations predominate in growing populations. We also show that the relative contributions of positively selected and overdominant mutations to adaptation depend on interactions between the phenotypic effect size distribution for new mutations and the specific form of population size change during adaptation (i.e., growth, decline, or evolutionary rescue). Our results illustrate how population size dynamics can shape the genetic basis of adaptation, which should motivate empirical comparisons of populations adapting in different demographic contexts.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Vehicle Environment Dataset

We collected the data from ten drivers that drove vehicles in St. Petersburg, Russia, for a few months. The image size from the road cameras is 480x640. For training, we scaled them down to 420x420 and applied center cropping to a 416x416 area to exclude border areas that contain  noise and distortion. To annotate the data, we used pseudo-labeling and an ensemble of different open-source models that were trained on the KITTI dataset. The ensemble is based on a weighted mean average using the following weights [0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1] from top to bottom. For each image in the dataset, we used the following four models (LapDept, DTP Hybrid, BTS, and VNL) to obtain the predictions. After that, we took the weighted average between all four masks and saved the results as our ground truth.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Supporting data for: Whole genome sequencing reveals fine-scale environment associated divergence near the range limits of a temperate reef fish

Environmental variation is increasingly recognized as an important driver of diversity in marine species despite the lack of physical barriers to dispersal and the presence of pelagic stages in many taxa. A robust understanding of the genomic and ecological processes involved in structuring populations is lacking for most marine species, often hindering management and conservation action. Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), is a temperate reef fish with both pelagic early life history stages and strong site-associated homing as adults; the species is also of interest for use as a cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture in Atlantic Canada. We aimed to characterize genomic and geographic differentiation of cunner in the Northwest Atlantic. To achieve this, a chromosome-level genome assembly for cunner was produced and used to characterize spatial population structure throughout Atlantic Canada using whole genome resequencing. The genome assembly spanned 0.72 Gbp and 24 chromosomes; whole genome resequencing of 803 individuals from 20 locations from Newfoundland to New Jersey identified approximately 11 million genetic variants. Principal component analysis revealed four regional Atlantic Canadian groups. Pairwise FST and selection scans revealed signals of differentiation and selection at discrete genomic regions, including adjacent peaks on chromosome 10 across multiple pairwise comparisons (i.e., FST 0.5–0.75). Redundancy analysis suggested association of environmental variables related to benthic temperature and oxygen range with genomic structure. Results suggest regional scale diversity in this temperate reef fish and can directly inform the collection and translocation of cunner for aquaculture applications and the conservation of wild populations throughout the Northwest Atlantic.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Data for Drüke et al. 2023, Communication Earth and Environment

Data for the publication 'Fire may prevent future Amazon forest recovery after large-scale deforestation' in Communication Earth and Environment by Drüke et al. 2023

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

The UMA-VI dataset: Visual–inertial odometry in low-textured and dynamic illumination environments

This article presents a visual–inertial dataset gathered in indoor and outdoor scenarios with a handheld custom sensor rig, for over 80 min in total. The dataset contains hardware-synchronized data from a commercial stereo camera (Bumblebee®2), a custom stereo rig, and an inertial measurement unit. The most distinctive feature of this dataset is the strong presence of low-textured environments and scenes with dynamic illumination, which are recurrent corner cases of visual odometry and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods. The dataset comprises 32 sequences and is provided with ground-truth poses at the beginning and the end of each of the sequences, thus allowing the accumulated drift to be measured in each case. We provide a trial evaluation of five existing state-of-the-art visual and visual–inertial methods on a subset of the dataset. We also make available open-source tools for evaluation purposes, as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic calibration parameters of all sensors in the rig. The dataset is available for download at <a href="http://mapir.uma.es/work/uma-visual-inertial-dataset">http://mapir.uma.es/work/uma-visual-inertial-dataset</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Dataset for Enhancing Watershed Management through Adaptive Source Apportionment under Changing Environment

D1.sheet. The livestock and poultry information in Hangbu River in 2017 D2.sheet.  The nitrogen emission of different sources in Hangbu River D3.sheet.  The phosphorus emission of different sources in Hangbu River D4.sheet. The Proportion of nitrogen emissions of different sources in Hangbu River D5.sheet. The Proportion of phosphorus emissions of different sources in Hangbu River D6.sheet. The Proportion of nitrogen contribution of different sources in Hangbu River D7.sheet. The Proportion of phosphorus contribution of different sources in Hangbu River D8.sheet. The three dynamic contribution indicators: contribute value, trend of change, and robustness D9.sheet. The Pareto fronts for dynamic source apportionment in nitrogen D10.sheet. The Pareto fronts  for dynamic source apportionment in phosphorus

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in A detailed DFT-based study of the free radical scavenging activity and mechanism of daphnetin in physiological environments

Fig. 3. Transition states geometries related to the reactions of DAP with HO•, HOO•, and NO • in water.

Fig. 3 in Modeling the peroxyl radical scavenging behavior of Carnosic acid: Mechanism, kinetics, and effects of physiological environments

Fig. 3. Deprotonated forms of CA under the physiological aqueous environment. The proton affinity (PA) values are in kcal/mol.

Fig. 6 in Modeling the peroxyl radical scavenging behavior of Carnosic acid: Mechanism, kinetics, and effects of physiological environments

Fig. 6. Optimized structures of the TSs of CA + HOO• reaction in physiological environments (W = water and PE = pentyl ethanoate). Distances are in Aand angles in ◦.

Fig. 2 in Modeling the peroxyl radical scavenging behavior of Carnosic acid: Mechanism, kinetics, and effects of physiological environments

Fig. 2. The stable conformation, HOMO, LUMO, and ESP of CA calculated at M06–2X/6–311++ G(d,p) level.

Fig. 4 in Modeling the peroxyl radical scavenging behavior of Carnosic acid: Mechanism, kinetics, and effects of physiological environments

Fig. 4. Computed BDE values in kcal/mol of CA in the gas phase (G) and pentyl ethanoate (PE) as well as of CA– in water (W).

Fig. 3 in The hydroperoxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in physiological environments: Theoretical insights into mechanisms and kinetics

Fig. 3. Regeneration cycle of the hydroperoxyl and superoxide radical scavenging of anthocyanidins following the SET mechanism in aqueous solution.