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Fig. 3 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Fig. 3. Sumatran specimen of R. norhayatiae, MZB Amph 32625. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, dorsolateral view; D, webbing of left hand. Scale = 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Fig. 1. Sampling sites of R. cf. norhayatiae MZB Amph 32625, R. cf. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626, MZUA 210115‒210116, and R. nigropalmatus MZUA 210113 ‒ 210114, MZB Amph 32627 in Sumatra.

Fig. 5 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Fig. 5. Sumatran specimen of R. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, dorsolateral view; D, webbing of hands. Scale = 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Fig. 4. Comparison of black pigmentation on flanks between A, preserved Sumatran R. norhayatiae MZB Amph 32625 and B, R. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626.

Fig. 2 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree illustrating the placement of the Sumatran specimens. The numbers near the node branches represent bootstrap supports for ML and Bayesian posterior probability (ML/BP).

FIG. 1 in Recording a syncarpy form and the first abnormal capsule lid worldwide in Byum dichotomum Hedw. population of Saudi Arabia

FIG. 1. — Byum dichotomum Hedw.: A, B, dry and wet plants carrying double capsules; C, D, magnified dry and wet double capsules; E, part of the plant population showing variation in seta length and capsule size; F, G, dry and wet lid showing abnormal swollen tip. Scale bars: A, B, 3 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 4 mm; F, G, 350 μm.

FIG. 2 in Recording a syncarpy form and the first abnormal capsule lid worldwide in Byum dichotomum Hedw. population of Saudi Arabia

FIG. 2. ─ An illustration referred to Watson (1950) showing Bryum atropurpureum W. & M. in four forms of syncarpy: A, B, showing syncarpy phenomenon affecting unequal seta length and capsule size; C, shows nearly equal length of seta; D, shows double capsules on a common seta. Scale bars: A-D, 2 mm.

FIG. 4 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation

FIG. 4. — Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated ITS1 and atp8-trnS partial sequences (418 bp). Note that corrugated Lessonia Bory specimens are grouped with Lessonia flavicans Bory specimens which have smooth blade surface. First number on the branches refers to the bootstrap value determined from the ML phylogeny and the second is the posterior probability from the BI analysis. Scale bar: 0.05 substitution per site.

FIG. 5 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation

FIG. 5. — Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated cox1 and cox3 partial sequences (1176 bp). Note that corrugated Lessonia Bory specimens are grouped with Lessonia flavicans Bory specimens which have smooth blade surface. First number on the branches refers to the bootstrap value determined from the ML phylogeny and the second is the posterior probability from the BI analysis. Scale bar: 0.01 substitution per site.

FIG. 3 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation

FIG. 3. — Internal morphology of the corrugate Lessonia Bory: A, small angular meristodermal cells on the surface of blade; B, transverse section through a sterile portion of the blade; C, detail of meristoderm and cortex showing cells with full (right arrow) and reduced (left arrow) protoplast and golden bodies in outer cortex and mid cortex; and rounded light refracting bodies (arrowheads); D, detail of medulla showing cylindrical cells (arrow) and some elongated filaments (arrowhead) immersed in a dense intercellular matrix; E, surface view of a sorus; F, transverse section through a sorus; G, detail of sorus. Abbreviations: mer, meristoderm; oc, outer cortex; mc, mid cortex; ic, inner cortex; m, medulla; p, paraphyses; l, part of the lacuna; s, sporangia. Scale bars: A, 15 µm; B, 50 µm; C, G, 20 µm; D, E, 40 µm; F, 30 µm.

FIG. 1 in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation

FIG. 1. — Map of the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magellan showing the collection sites of the corrugate morphotype of Lessonia Bory, Lessonia flavicans Bory, and Lessonia searlesiana Asensi & Reviers. Strait of Magellan-Cockburn channel: a, Fuerte Bulnes; b, Carlos III Island. Beagle channel-Orange Bay: c, London Island; d, Puerto Aguirre; e, London Island; f, Cormoran Bay; g, Paula Cove; h, Puerto Toro; i, Tekenika Bay; j, Orange Bay. Cape Horn-Diego Ramirez Island: k, Diego Ramirez Island.

FIG. 2. — A in Populations of a new morphotype of corrugate Lessonia Bory in the Beagle Channel, sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: a possible case of on-going speciation

FIG. 2. — A, External morphology of the corrugate Lessonia Bory showing the brownish terete stipe; B, corrugated blades; C, that arise from the base of the blade and from dichotomously divided branches; D, the holdfast is rhizoidal in shape and composed mainly of fused haptera. Scale bars: holotype, 30 cm; A, C, 2 cm; B, 5 cm; D, 8 cm.

Temperature adaptation and its impact on the shape of performance curves in Drosophila populations

Understanding how species adapt to different temperatures is crucial to predict their response to global warming, and thermal performance curves (TPCs) have been employed recurrently to study this topic. Nevertheless, fundamental questions regarding how thermodynamic constraints and evolution interact to shape TPCs in lineages inhabiting different environments remain unanswered. Here, we study Drosophila simulans along a latitudinal gradient spanning 3,000 km to test opposing hypotheses based on thermodynamic constraints ('hotter-is-better') versus biochemical adaptation ('jack-of-all-temperatures') as primary determinants of TPCs variation across populations. We compare thermal responses in metabolic rate and the egg-to-adult survival as descriptors of organismal performance and fitness, respectively, and show that different descriptors of TPCs vary in tandem with mean environmental temperatures, providing strong support to hotter-is-better. Thermodynamic constraints also resulted in a strong negative association between maximum performance and thermal breadth. Lastly, we show that descriptors of TPCs for metabolism and egg-to-adult survival are highly correlated, providing evidence of coadaptation and that curves for egg-to-adult survival are systematically narrower and displaced towards lower temperatures. Taken together, results support the pervasive role of thermodynamics constraining thermal responses in Drosophila populations along a latitudinal gradient, that are only partly compensated by evolutionary adaptation.

Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed through DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains

Eurasian otters are apex predators of freshwater ecosystems and a recovering species across much of their European range; investigating the dietary variation of this predator over time and space therefore provides opportunities to identify changes in freshwater trophic interactions and factors influencing the conservation of otter populations. Here we sampled faeces from 300 dead otters across England and Wales between 2007 and 2016, conducting both morphological analysis of prey remains and dietary DNA metabarcoding. Comparison of these methods showed that greater taxonomic resolution and breadth could be achieved using DNA metabarcoding but combining data from both methodologies gave the most comprehensive dietary description. All otter demographics exploited a broad range of taxa and variation likely reflected changes in prey distributions and availability across the landscape. This study provides novel insights into the trophic generalism and adaptability of otters across Britain, which is likely to have aided their recent population recovery, and may increase their resilience to future environmental changes.

Assessment of the nesting population demography of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in La Roche Percée: first long-term monitoring in New Caledonia.

Population monitoring is essential to assess, manage and protect threatened species. Although the South Pacific loggerhead turtle subpopulation is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, monitoring data are scarce. This study reports the results of the first long-term monitoring of the nesting population of loggerhead turtles held by Bwärä Tortues Marines on La Roche Percée beach, New Caledonia. From 2006 to 2020, Capture Mark Recapture was used to identify nesting individuals. Time and nesting success were recorded on site. A total of 452 different females were observed and tagged over 14 years. The number of different nesting individuals observed each year showed a significant increase along the timeframe of the study. A remigration interval of 3.34 years was observed and the overall nesting success was 59.02%. This study also reports the inter-nesting intervals, monthly and hourly variabilities in the visits at the nesting site. The conservation actions led by Bwärä Tortues Marines seem to be correlated with a higher nesting success. This study provides encouraging results and highlights the need to pursue the monitoring and conservation actions implemented by Bwärä Tortues Marines. Further management recommendations are also provided.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig 1 in Invertebrate Communities Associated To Parastacus Pugnax (Decapoda, Parastacidae) Northern Patagonian Populations (38° S, Araucania, Chile): A First Exploratory Analysis

Fig 1. Cluster analysis for invertebrate communities reported for sites included in the present study.

Temporal population structure, a genetic dating method for ancient Eurasian genomes from the past 10,000 years

Radiocarbon dating is the gold standard in archeology to estimate the age of skeletons, a key to studying their origins. Many published ancient genomes lack reliable and direct dates, which results in obscure and contradictory reports. Here, we developed the Temporal Population Structure (TPS), the first DNA-based dating method for ancient genomes ranging from the Late Mesolithic to modern-days, and applied it to 3,591 ancient and 1,307 modern Eurasians. We show that TPS predictions align with their known dates and correctly account for kin relationships. TPS dating of poorly dated Eurasian samples resolved conflicting reports in the literature, as illustrated by one test case. We demonstrated how TPS improved the ability to study phenotypic traits over time.

Sex, body size, and winter weather explain migration strategies in a partial migrant population of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Given increasing evidence that climate change affects the annual cycles of birds, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying individual migration strategies and population-level patterns in partial migrants. In this study, we found that thermoregulation (body size and winter temperatures) was a key driver of American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) migration decisions. The annual proportion of migrants in the population, however, was not explained by winter weather and may be the result of differential survival. We measured stable hydrogen isotope values (δD) of talon tissues collected from 501 breeding and overwintering birds to distinguish migrant from resident kestrels in a partially migratory population of American Kestrels in southwestern Idaho in 2013–2021. We then evaluated drivers of migration decisions by assessing potential correlates of migration strategies, whether individuals switched migration strategies between years, and whether the proportion of migrants in the population changed over time or was correlated with winter weather. Male kestrels were 1.6 times more likely to migrate than females, and in colder than average winters, smaller birds of both sexes were more likely to migrate than larger birds. Only 27% of 26 recaptured individuals showed evidence of switching their migration strategies on an annual basis. There was no temporal trend in the proportion of migrants in the population, but proportions varied between years. Interestingly, there was no association between winter minimum temperature anomalies and annual migrant proportions in the population, suggesting that differential over-winter survival, or other stochastic processes, may play an important role in population composition. As winters continue to warm, fewer kestrels may migrate and more may remain resident on breeding grounds. However, it is unclear how changes in migration strategies might affect population-level patterns and resilience to climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

VCF files of ddRAD seq data of Bermuda petrel population

Two VCF files resulted from two different filtering and analyses of ddRAD sequencing data of the endangered Bermuda petrel. The one_snp VCF contains only one snp per RAD locus, while the all_snps contained all SNPs in a RAD locus.