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FIGURES 5–9 in Systematic position of Australian genus Palaeoscydmaenus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 5–9. Diagnostic characters of Scydmaenini (5, 7, 8) and Cyrtoscydmini (6, 9). Prothorax in ventral view (5, 6) and posterior part of metaventrite (7–9) of Scydmaenus (s. str.) tarsatus (5, 7), Scydmaenus (Parallomicrus) rufus (8) and Stenichnus (s. str.) collaris (6, 9). Abbreviations: aes3—metanepisternum; bs—basisternum; cc—procoxal cavity; cs—procoxal socket; cx3—metacoxa; hg—hypomeral groove; hy—hypomeron; nss—pronotosternal suture; ps—prosternum; tr3—metatrochanter; v3—metaventrite. Arrow shows rudimentary pronotosternal suture.

FIGURES 1–4 in Systematic position of Australian genus Palaeoscydmaenus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 1–4. Diagnostic characters of Scydmaenini (1, 3) and Cyrtoscydmini (2, 4). Distal part of maxillary palp (1, 2) and proximal part of antenna (3, 4) of Scydmaenus (s. str.) tarsatus (1, 3) and Stenichnus (s. str.) collaris (2, 4). Abbreviations: mxp3–4—maxillary palpomere 3–4; pd—pedicel; sc—scape.

FIGURES 20–21 in Systematic position of Australian genus Palaeoscydmaenus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 20–21. Ant Pachycondyla lutea collected together with the holotype of Palaeoscydmaenus australiensis. Lateral habitus (20) and head in frontal view (21).

FIGURES 10–12 in Systematic position of Australian genus Palaeoscydmaenus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 10–12. Holotype male of Palaeoscydmaenus australiensis. Dorsal habitus (10), simplified ventral habitus (11) and original set of labels (12).

FIGURES 13–17 in Systematic position of Australian genus Palaeoscydmaenus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 13–17. Holotype male of Palaeoscydmaenus australiensis. Head in dorsal (13) and ventral (14) views; right antenna in dorsal view (15); prothorax in ventral view (16); and pterothorax in ventral view (17). Abbreviations: ai—asetose impression; ar—anterior ridge; bs—basistipes; cc—procoxal cavity; cd—cardo; cl—clypeus; cs—procoxal socket; fr—frons; gal—galea; gen—gena; gp—gular plate; h—hypostoma; hr—hypostomal ridge; hy—hypomeron; lac—lacinia; lp2–3—labial palpomere 2–3; mcc—mesocoxal cavity; mcp—mesocoxal projection; mcs—mesocoxal socket; md—mandible; mfa—metafurcal arm; mn—mentum; mxp1–4—maxillary palpomere 1–4; nr—neck region; nss—pronotosternal suture; occ—occipital constriction; pfa—profurcal arm; pl—posterior lobe; pre—prepectus; ps—prosternum; smn—submentum; tm—temple; v—vertex; v2—mesoventrite; v3—metaventrite; vp2—mesoventral intercoxal process; vp3—metaventral intercoxal process.

FIGURE 6. A in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 6. A, Brasileirinho cavaticus assembled on the bottom of the pond in the Baixa Funda cave, arrows denote guano particles; B–D, specimens (magnified) at the same locality; E, the Baixa Funda cave surroundings with denoted cave entrance; F, cave entrance filled with the household waste.

FIGURE 5. Brasileirinho cavaticus paratype male, 1.8 in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 5. Brasileirinho cavaticus paratype male, 1.8 mm: SEM photo of A, pleon (ventral view) with pleopods I–V; B, pleopods I–II.

FIGURE 4 in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 4. Brasileirinho cavaticus holotype: Plm, pleon with pleopods, ventral view; Plp I (d), II (d), pleopods I–II, dorsal view; Pe-Plm, last two pereonites (prn) and first two pleonites (pln) with pleopods, lateral view; female, 2.4 mm: Plf, pleon with pleopods, ventral view; Plp III, pleopod III, Pltf, distal part of pleotelson, ventral view.

FIGURE 3. Brasileirinho cavaticus female, 2.4 in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 3. Brasileirinho cavaticus female, 2.4 mm: C, pereonites (prn) III–IV with coxae, ventral view; C-Pe, pereopod III insertion on the pereonite III (prn III); Pe I, II, VII, pereopods I, II and VII.

FIGURE 1. Brasileirinho cavaticus n in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 1. Brasileirinho cavaticus n. sp., n. gen., n. fam., Baixa Funda cave, Paripiranga, Bahia, Brazil, holotype, 1.7 mm: Bm, body, dorsal view; U (v), uropod, distal part, ventral view; female, 2.4 mm: A I, II, antennae I–II; Bf, body, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2. Brasileirinho cavaticus paratype male, 1.9 in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 2. Brasileirinho cavaticus paratype male, 1.9 mm: Mdm (L), left mandible with lacinoid spine, dorsal view; Mdm (R), right mandible with lacinia mobilis, dorsal view; female, 2.4 mm: L, lower lip; Md(L) and Md(R), mandibles s in males; Mx I, II, left maxillae I–II, ventral view; Mxlp, left maxilliped, ventral view.

FIGURE 7 in Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position

FIGURE 7. Pongycarcinia xiphidiourus, Toca do Gonçalo, Campo Formoso, Bahia State, Brazil, supposedly juvenile male, 2.8 mm: Plp I (v), pleopod I, ventral view; Plp II (Lv), left pleopod II, ventral view; Plp II (Rd), endopodite of pleopod II, dorsal view; female, 3 mm: Plp II f, pleopod II.

FIGURE 2 in Shenahweum minutum (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphinae) — taxonomic position and description of sexuales

FIGURE 2. Shenahweum minutum—male: (a) head, (b) antennal segments III and VI, (c) rhinaria on antennal segment III, (d) apical segment of rostrum, (e) hind tarsus, (f) siphunculus, (g) cauda, (h) genitalia.

FIGURE 1 in Shenahweum minutum (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphinae) — taxonomic position and description of sexuales

FIGURE 1. Shenahweum minutum—oviparous female: (a) general features, (b) antennal segment VI, (c) fronto-orbital forked seta, (d) apical segment of rostrum, (e) hind tibia and tarsus, (f) tibia, (g) cauda, (h) siphunculus, (i) forked abdominal seta, (j) pointed abdominal seta.

FIGURE 56 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURE 56. One of six equally most parsimonious trees. Numbers below black or white rectangles indicate character number corresponding to data matrix. Black rectangles: non-homoplastic apomorphies, white rectangles: homoplastic apomorphies, diagonal rectangles: reversal.

FIGURE 55 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURE 55. Strict consensus of six equally most parsimonious trees (L = 30, CI = 0.67, RI = 0.78) generated from an analysis of 18 morphological characters.

FIGURES 41–46, 41–43 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURES 41–46, 41–43. Male postabdomen of Pexopsis pilosa Mesnil (Hokkaido, Japan). 41. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 42. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 43. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. 44–46. Male postabdomen of Gonia chinensis (Wiedemann) (Hokkaido, Japan). 44. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 45. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 46. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 32–34 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURES 32–34. Male postabdomen of Cyzenis sp. (Hokkaido, Japan). 32. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 33. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 34. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 26–31. 26–28 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURES 26–31. 26–28. Male postabdomen of B. japonica Mesnil (Hokkaido, Japan). 26. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 27. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 28. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. 29–31. Male postabdomen of B. subalpina Villeneuve (Germany). 29. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 30. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 31. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 22–25 in Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae)

FIGURES 22–25. Male and female postabdomen of Botria frontosa (Meigen) (Saitama, Japan). 22. Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view. 23. Same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). 24. Hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and phallus in lateral view. 25. Female postabdomen in lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.