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Figure 2 in Taxonomic revision of the Hydroporus bodemeyeri species complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with a geometric morphometric analysis of body shape within the group
Figure 2(A–L). Median lobe in lateral and ventral view of (A) Hydroporus anatolicus anatolicus; (C) H. anatolicus koksali ssp. nov.; (E) H. bodemeyeri bodemeyeri; (G) H. bodemeyeri cariaensis ssp. nov.; (H) H. bodemeyeri guignoti; (I) H. cuprescens; (K) H. kurdistanicus sp. nov. Paramere of (B) Hydroporus anatolicus anatolicus; (D) H. anatolicus koksali ssp. nov.; (F) H. bodemeyeri bodemeyeri; (J) H. cuprescens; (L) H. kurdistanicus sp. nov.
Figure 4 in Taxonomic revision of the Hydroporus bodemeyeri species complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with a geometric morphometric analysis of body shape within the group
Figure 4(A–C). Canonical variate analysis (CVA) on the specimen coordinates for body shape. Body shape variation along the first (x) and second (y) axis is depicted by superimposed extreme body shapes (black lines: negative sides of the axes; grey lines: positive sides of the axes). (A) all taxa examined; (B) group A: "anatolicus-kurdistanicus group"; (C) group B: the "bodemeyeri-cuprescens group".
Figure 1 in Taxonomic revision of the Hydroporus bodemeyeri species complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with a geometric morphometric analysis of body shape within the group
Figure 1. Location of the landmarks (black circles) and sliding semilandmarks (white circles) on the body of Hydroporus.
Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?
<p>1. Individuals´ distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements.</p> <p>2. In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures.</p> <p>3. Using a long-term (19 years) data set, we calculated the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure type and the density of each infrastructure type around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg-laying date on these six metrics.</p> <p>4. Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success.</p> <p>5. Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population
FIGURE 4. PCA for plastron shape. Specimens are marked according to haplotype group. A—haplotype group 1, B—group 2, C—group 3, D—haplotype 61, U—unknown. The first axis PC1 explains 29.79% and second axis PC2 explains 14.14% of the total variance in the shapes.
FIGURE 3 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population
FIGURE 3. Bayesian skyline plot demonstrating changes in effective population size in Orlitia borneensis based on mitochondrial data. Thick solid line represents median of the estimate, borders of grey area delineate the highest 95% posterior density interval.
FIGURE 2 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population
FIGURE 2. Median-joining network indicating relationships among haplotypes of Orlitia borneensis based on cytochrome b sequences. Haplotypes are denoted as circles, their size is proportional to number of individuals carrying respective haplotype. Numbers at branches represent numbers of mutational steps (displayed for n> 1). Three main haplogroups are marked by ovals.
FIG. 4 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 4. SEM photographs of Sagitta nairi n. sp. (a±d) and Krohnitta subtilis (e): (a) head armature in ventral view; (b) detail of anterior teeth in ventral view; (c) teeth in lateral view; (d) hooks in dorsal view; (e) right set of teeth in ventral view. at, anterior teeth; m, mouth; pt, posterior teeth; vp, ventral plate. In (a, d) arrows indicate the point of change of the hooks, curve. Scale bars 5 10 mm.
FIG. 1 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 1. Sampling location of Sagitta nairi n. sp.: (a) location of Agatti Atoll in the Laccadive Archipelago north of 8ssN; (b) con®guration of the atoll, with depths in metres (modi®ed from Madhupratap et al., 1991).
FIG. 3 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 3. Light photographs of Sagitta nairi n. sp.: (a) anterior part of the body; (b, c) two aspects of head and anterior part of trunk; (d, e) diOEerent aspects of the seminal vesicles; (f) eyes. at, anterior teeth; c, collarette; id, intestinal diverticula; pf, posterior ®ns; tf, tail ®n. In (d, e) the limits of the posterior and tail ®ns are indicated by arrows.
FIG. 2 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 2. Schematic representation of Sagitta nairi n. sp. in dorsal view. af, anterior ®ns; c, collarette; id, intestinal diverticula; o, ovaries; pf, posterior ®ns; sv, seminal vesicles; tf, tail ®n; vg, ventral ganglion.
Figure 1 in Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy
Figure 1. Distribution of geographic locations of dwarf fat-tailed jerboa (Pygeretmus pumilio). The grey area outlines the range of the species and the symbols correspond to subspecies (modified from: Shenbrot et al. 1995). For a key to the subspecies, see UPGMA tree (inset C) which was constructed from a matrix of Procrustes distances. Two subspecies groups differ in the glans penis, which has more spines in the pumilio subspecies group (A) than in the potanini subspecies group (B). These two groups are separated on the map by a bold line, while the dotted line separates geographical clusters (western and eastern) obtained in k-means clustering of Procrustes coordinates. Pie diagrams show the proportion of individuals in each of the 22 populations classified into the western (black) and eastern (white) cluster. Numbers refer to populations (for identities, see Supporting Information, Table S2). The proportion of individuals classified into the western (black) and eastern cluster (white) per 5o longitudinal belt is shown in inset D.
Figure 2 in Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy
Figure 2. Projection of dwarf fat-tailed jerboas (Pygeretmus pumilio) on the first two discriminant functions (DF) derived from discriminant function analysis on Procrustes coordinates, with subspecies as an calssification variable. Proportion of variance explained by each DF is in parenthesis. Polygons enclose extreme specimens within each subspecies. Symbols for subspecies are the same as in Figure 1. Large symbols show the position of group centroids. Wire-frame graphs show shape changes along the two DF axes for the unit of 10 in the negative and positive direction (black) compared to the mean shape (grey).
Species diversity and food web structure jointly shape natural biological control in agricultural landscapes
<p>Land-use change and agricultural intensification concurrently impact natural enemy (e.g., parasitoid) communities and their associated ecosystem services (ESs), i.e., biological pest control. However, the extent to which (on-farm) parasitoid diversity and food webs mediate landscape-level influences on biological control remains poorly understood. Here, drawing upon a 3-year study of quantitative parasitoid-hyperparasitoid trophic networks from 25 different agro-landscapes, we assess the cascading effects of landscape composition, species diversity and trophic network structure on ecosystem functionality (i.e., parasitism, hyperparasitism). Path analysis further reveals causality leading to the biological control of a resident crop pest, i.e., <i>Aphis gossypii</i>. Functionality is dictated by (hyper)parasitoid diversity, with its effects modulated by food web generality and vulnerability. Non-crop habitat cover directly benefits biological control, whereas secondary crop cover indirectly lowers hyperparasitism. Our work underscores a need to simultaneously account for on-farm biodiversity and trophic interactions when investigating ESs within dynamic agro-landscapes.</p>
Figure 9. Phylogeny showing a in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 9. Phylogeny showing a summary of the optimization for the third lower molar (m3). Numbers on the branches indicate node number. Taxon names and nodes in bold indicate the optimizations being shown. Deformation grids show the changes with respect to the previous node.
Figure 7 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 7. Scatter plots resulting from the between-group PCA of the third upper molar (M3), summarizing differences between the five diet categories. White squares with the Roman numeral of each diet category represent the centroid of the distribution for that category. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 1 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 1. Occlusal views of the third upper (A, B) and lower (C, D) didelphid molars. A and C, molars of Didelphis albiventris showing the landmarks and semilandmarks used. B and D, didelphid molars illustrating features of crown morphology discussed in the text. Squares, landmarks; circles, semilandmarks. See text for a detailed description of landmarks. Abbreviations: ac, anterior cingulum (light grey shading); cc, centrocrista; co, cristid obliqua; ect, ectoflexus; Ent, entoconid; ento, entocristid; Hyp, hypoconid; Hypd, hypoconulid; Me, metacone; Med, metaconid; meta, metastylar corner (grey shading); Pa, paracone; Pacr, paracristid; Pad, paraconid; para, parastylar corner (dark grey shading); postcd, postcristid; prePa, preparacrista; Pr, protocone; Prcr, protocristid; Prd, protoconid; prePr, preprotocrista; posMe, metacrista; posPr, postprotocrista; StA, stylar cusp A; StB, stylar cusp B; StC, stylar cusp C; StD, stylar cusp D; StE, stylar cusp E; Ta: talonid; Tri: trigonid.
Figure 3 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 3. First upper molar (M1) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 5 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 5. Third upper molar (M3) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 2 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 2. First lower molar (m1) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.