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Fig. 9 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 9. Distance from the proximal end of the Ichthyornis dispar ulna (YPM 1450, YPM 1453, YPM 1740, YPM 1757) to the nutrient foramen (in millimeters).

Fig. 1 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 1. The Ichthyornis dispar panel mount in 1997, which contained the only holotype of that taxon, YPM 1450.

Fig. 2 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 2. The ''Ichthyornis victor'' panel mount in 1997, which contained none of the Ichthyornis victor holotype.

Fig. 8 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 8. Total ulnar length (in millimeters) compared for the only complete YPM Ichthyornis dispar ulnae (YPM 1450, YPM 1453, YPM 1740).

Fig. 10 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 10. The (A) Ichthyornis anceps (YPM 1208) and (B) Ichthyornis agilis (YPM 1209) holotype specimens in dorsal (right) and ventral (left) views. YPM 1208 and YPM 1209 are partial distal and proximal carpometacarpi, respectively.

Fig. 4 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 4. Apomorphies of Ichthyornis dispar. Numbers 1–9 correspond to the characters used in the diagnosis and are indicated for the following specimens: (1) YPM 1775, left quadrate, anterior view; (2) YPM 1733, a posterior cervical vertebrae, posteroventral view; (3) YPM 1732 caudal vertebrae, dorsal view; (4) YPM 1718, right scapula, dorsal view; (5) YPM 1450, left humerus, posterior view;

Fig. 5 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 5. Distal humeral dimensions (in millimeters) of four uncrushed YPM Ichthyornis dispar specimens (YPM 1450, YPM 1464, YPM 1738, YPM 9685).

Fig. 6 in Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, And Systematics Of Ichthyornis And Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)

Fig. 6. Size and stratigraphic position of individuals referred to Ichthyornis dispar interpreted as anagenetic change. Data points represent total humerus length of the indicated specimen(s) in millimeters. The relative size of specimens without data points, those lacking complete humeri, was estimated (i.e., YPM 1738, 1765, SMM 2139, USNM 22820, TMM 42522–1, and Cenomanian specimens, SMNH P2077.67, SMNH P2077.111, SMNH P2077.112, SMNH P2487.5). Shaded regions indicate size variation for each time period interpreted as anagenetic change in a single lineage.

Fig. 12 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 12. Photographs of some species of the genera Tubuca, Xeruca and Ucides. A, T. urvillei (Ranong, Thailand); B, X. formosensis (Taiwan); C, D, U. cordatus (Brazil).

Fig. 10 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 10. Photographs of some species of the genera Minuca, Paraleptuca, Petruca and Tubuca. A, M. herradurensis (Panama); B, M. rapax (Brazil); C, Pa. chlorophthalmus (East Africa); D, Pa. crassipes (Donghsa, Taiwan); E, Pa. splendida (Penghu, Taiwan); F, Pe. panamensis (Costa Rica); G, T. arcuata (Hainan, China); H, T. bellator (Labuan, Malaysia). C, courtesy of S. Cannicci.

Fig. 8 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 8. Photographs of some species of the genus Austruca. A, A. annulipes (Tioman, Malaysia); B, A. bengali (Selangor, Malaysia); C, A. iranica (Iran); D, A. lactea (Taiwan); E, A. mjoebergi (New Territory, Australia); F, A. perplexa (Dongsha, Taiwan); G, A. sindensis (Iran); H, A. triangularis (Cebu, Philippines). E, courtesy of P. Backwell.

Fig. 7 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 7. Photographs of some species of the genus Gelasimus. A, G. borealis (Taiwan); B, G. dampieri (Northern Territory, Australia); C, G. hesperiae (Zanzibar, holotype); D, G. jocelynae (Penghu, Taiwan); E, G. neocultrimana (Fiji); F, G. tetragonon (Penghu, Taiwan); G, G. vocans (Labuan, Malaysia); H, G. vomeris (Queensland, Australia).

Fig. 5 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 5. Photographs of some species of the genus Ocypode. A, O. ceratophthalmus (Taiwan); B, O. cordimana (Dongsha, Taiwan); C, O. fabricii (Northern Territory, Australia); D, O. kuhlii (Christmas Island); E, O. occidentalis (Panama); F, O. rotundata (Iran); G. O. sinensis (Dongsha, Taiwan); H, O. stimpsoni (Taiwan).

Fig. 2. A in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 2. A Bayesian inference (BI) tree of the family Ocypodidae and outgroups, based on the combined 28S, 16S and COI markers. The solid circle at the node means it is strongly supported by both BI (≥ 90) and ML (≥ 70); and the open circle means only one method is strongly supported. Name of species or genus quoted means it is suggested as a synonym in this study.

Fig. 6 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 6. Photographs of some species of the genera Afruca and Uca s. str. A, B, A. tangeri (Spain); C, U. heteropleura (Panama); D, U. insignis (El Salvador); E, U. major (Bahamas); F, U. maracoani (Brazil); G, U. princeps (Peru); H, U. stylifera (Panama).

Fig. 3. The simplified phylogenetic tree modified from Figs. 1 & 2 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 3. The simplified phylogenetic tree modified from Figs. 1 & 2, with number of species beside or below the taxa/group. The gray boxes mean the genera are not fiddler crabs.

Fig. 1. A in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 1. A Bayesian inference (BI) tree of the family Ocypodidae and outgroups, based on the combined 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI markers, showing the three clades (three subfamilies), indicated in different colours. The subfamily Gelasiminae is composed of two groups, one is for all Indo-West Pacific fiddler crabs, the other for the American broad-fronted fiddler crabs.

Fig. 4 in Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera

Fig. 4. The distribution of 11 genera of fiddler crabs, mainly based on Crane (1975) and the website (http://www.fiddlercrab.info/index. html; Rosenberg, 2014).

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Figures 81–94. Calloeneis spp. 81–85 in South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), part XX: systematic revision of South American Calloeneis Grote (Cryptognathini)

Figures 81–94. Calloeneis spp. 81–85) Calloeneis alexandra. 81) Habitus. 82) Frons. 83) Penis guide ventral. 84) Penis guide lateral. 85) Penis. 86–90) Calloeneis brooke. 86) Habitus. 87) Frons. 88) Penis guide ventral. 89) Penis guide lateral. 90) Penis. 91–94) Calloeneis bethany. 91) Habitus. 92) Frons. 93) Penis guide ventral. 94) Penis guide lateral.