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Fig. 1 in Occurrence Of Dactylogyrus Infection Linked To Seasonal Changes And Host Fish Size On Four Cyprinid Fishes In Lake Manyas, Turkey
Fig. 1. Location of Lake Manyas in Northwest Turkey
Foliar phosphorus concentration modulates the defensive mutualism of an endophytic fungus in a perennial host grass
<p>Grasses hosting <em>Epichloë</em> endophytes are protected against herbivores due to the production of various fungal alkaloids. Previous research has found that high foliar phosphorus concentrations reduce the level of the alkaloid ergovaline, thereby reducing the endophyte-mediated herbivore resistance. Yet, the impact of phosphorus on ergovaline biosynthesis versus its influence on endophyte growth and synthesis of other fungal alkaloids remains unresolved. Our objective was to elucidate these relationships. We grew endophyte-symbiotic and non-symbiotic <em>Festuca arundinacea</em> plants and fertilized them with different doses of phosphorus. Later, half of the plants from each treatment were challenged with larvae of the generalist chewing insect <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. We assessed the relationships between foliar phosphorus levels, fungal mycelium, and alkaloid concentrations, as well as their impacts on larvae performance, herbivore-caused damage, and plant biomass. Endophyte mycelial biomass in plant tissue was found to be independent of foliar phosphorus concentration. The alkaloids lolines and peramine showed a linear relationship with mycelial biomass but no correlation with foliar phosphorus. Surprisingly, high ergovaline concentrations were positively associated with an interaction between endophyte mycelial biomass and foliar phosphorus concentration. Although herbivory increased loline concentration, only high concentrations of ergovaline and peramine were related to reduced <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae weight gain. However, endophyte presence did not reduce herbivory damage to plants. Contrary to expectation, we did not find a negative but a positive association between concentrations of foliar phosphorus and ergovaline alkaloid, through its interaction with endophyte mycelial biomass. Alternatively, our findings suggest that phosphorus plays a crucial role in modulating the <em>Epichloë</em>-mediated defensive mutualism, primarily through its effects on ergovaline rather than on endophyte concentration or production of other alkaloids.</p>
Figs. 1 & 2 in Cataglyphis viatica (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), host ant for Thorictus buigasi Escalera, 1923 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Thorictinae) from Morocco.
Figs. 1 & 2.- Thorictus buigasi on the head of Cataglyphis viatica. (photos Fernando Amor)
Figure 6 in Host effect on morphology of the fruit fly Anastrepha zenildae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte
Figure 6. Wireframe Comparison of Discriminant Function Analysis of the wings of Anastrepha zenildae (Males and females) from Guava and Jua fruits. (A) Wing shape variation between female and male flies of the same host, in a semi-arid region. (B) between female and male flies from different hosts. GUAF = Females from Guava; GUAM = Males from Guava; JUAF = Females from Jua; JUAM = Males from Jua. Larger symbols: Centroids of each dataset.
Figure 4 in Host effect on morphology of the fruit fly Anastrepha zenildae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte
Figure 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the adult flies of Anastrepha zenildae (Males and females) from Guava and Jua fruits. GUAF = Females from Guava; GUAM = Males from Guava; JUAF = Females from Jua; JUAM = Males from Jua. Larger symbols: Centroids of each dataset.
Figure 5 in Host effect on morphology of the fruit fly Anastrepha zenildae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte
Figure 5. CanonicalVariable Analysis (CVA) of the wings of adult Anastrepha zenildae (Males and females) from Guava and Jua fruits (above), and the wireframes of wing shape for each investigated component (below). GUAF = Females from Guava; GUAM = Males from Guava; JUAF = Females from Jua; JUAM = Males from Jua. Wireframes in black represent displacement for each CV.
Figure 3 in Host effect on morphology of the fruit fly Anastrepha zenildae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte
Figure 3. Representation of landmarks in wing structure and consensus shape applied to Anastrepha zenildae with landmarks. 1 = intersection of humeral and costal veins; 2 = intersection of subcostal and costal vens; 3 = intersection of R1 and costal veins; 4 = intersection of R2+3 and costal veins; 5 = intersection of R4+5 and costal veins; 6 = intersection of M vein with wing margin; 7 = intersection of vein Cu1 with wing margin; 8 = intersection of vein A1+Cu2 and wing margin; 9 = intersection of A1 and Cu2 veins; 10 = intersection of M vein and base of bm cell; 11 = intersection of Cu1 and Cu2 veins; 12 = intersection of M and bm-cu veins; 13 = intersection of Cu1 and bm-cu veins; 14 = intersection of r-m and R4+5 veins; 15 = intersection of r-m and M veins; 16 = intersection of M and dm-cu veins; 17 = intersection of Cu1 and dm-cu veins.
Fig. 2 in Host plant preference of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) among weeds and sugar cane varieties found in Florida sugar cane fields
Fig. 2. Diagram of the larval host plant tests.
Fig. 1 in Host plant preference of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) among weeds and sugar cane varieties found in Florida sugar cane fields
Fig. 1. Diagram of the adult host plant tests.
2,3:6,7‒Naphthalene bis(dicarboximide) Cyclophane: A Photo‒functional Host for Ambient Delayed Fluorescence in Solution
<p>Additional data to report <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411102">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411102</a>:</p> <p><a name="_Hlk167963038"></a>Harvesting triplet excitons of heavy atom-free purely organic chromophores under aerated conditions is challenging due to the quenching of long-lived triplet states by molecular oxygen and vibrational dissipation. Herein, we show a supramolecular approach of triplet harvesting via mitigating quenching pathways of a triplet harvester. Specifically, we used a host–guest system based on <a name="_Hlk169085902"></a>2,3:6,7‒naphthalene bis(dicarboximide)-derived cyclophane (<strong>NBICy</strong>) and carbazole derivative (<strong>EtCz</strong>). Complexation studies and single-crystal X-ray analysis showed the formation of a rigid host–guest complex (<em>K</em> = ~10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> in CCl<sub>4</sub>), resulting in triplet-exciton stabilization under aerated conditions via mitigating vibrational interference and oxygen quenching. Photophysical studies elucidate the delayed fluorescence emission from the charge-transfer state (<sup>1</sup>CT) with a quantum yield (QY) of 6-8% under ambient conditions which increased up to 36 % in an inert atmosphere.</p>
No evidence of adaptive tolerance of parasitism in a cavity-nesting brood parasite host
<p>Acceptance of avian brood parasitism by hosts is one of the most enigmatic aspects of brood parasite-host coevolution. The most common explanation for acceptance of parasitism by hosts of the brown-headed cowbird (<em>Molothrus ater</em>) is evolutionary lag, which suggests that hosts have not had enough time to evolve defenses against parasitism. Alternatively, acceptance may be the optimal strategy when the costs of rejecting parasitism exceed the benefits. The lack of nest site hypothesis applies to secondary cavity-nesting birds that cannot excavate their own nests and predicts that hosts accept parasitism instead of deserting a parasitized nest when there are no vacant nest sites available in which to renest. I tested this hypothesis using the prothonotary warbler (<em>Pronotaria citrea</em>), a commonly parasitized, cavity-nesting cowbird host. I used a paired nest box design and predicted that if hosts accept parasitism because of a lack of alternative nest sites, they should desert parasitized nests and renest in the vacant nest box on their territory. I recorded 37 cases where a nest was parasitized and warblers only deserted 2 parasitized nest boxes for a vacant nest box. Both desertions were attributable to factors other than parasitism and the rate of desertion did not differ from controls that only had a single nest box. Moreover, seven of the warblers initiated clutches in nest boxes that already contained cowbird egg despite having vacant nest boxes available on their territories. These results indicate that warblers do not accept parasitism because of tolerance, but likely due to evolutionary lag.</p>
Fig. 1 in Host specificity studies on Gynaikothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) associated with leaf galls of cultivated Ficus (Rosales: Moraceae) trees
Fig. 1. Pronotal posteroangular setae showing variation in length.
Fig. 2. Four Ficus benjamina plants inside a in Host specificity studies on Gynaikothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) associated with leaf galls of cultivated Ficus (Rosales: Moraceae) trees
Fig. 2. Four Ficus benjamina plants inside a collapsible cage.
Dataset for the manuscript "Osmotic Energy Conversion in Serpentinite-Hosted Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 1. P in Impatiens glandulifera, a new host of the tortrix Pristerognatha fuligana in Bulgaria
Fig. 1. P. fuligana's larva in stem of I. glandulifera.
Fig. 1 in Distribution, host records, and symbiotic fungi of Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in China
Fig. 1. The distribution of Euwallacea fornicatus in the south of China.
Fig. 1 in Frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae), their host plants, and associated parasitoids in the extreme north of Amapá State, Brazil
Fig. 1. Fruit sampling sites in extreme north of Amapá State, Brazil (May 2011–Jul 2013).
Fig. 1 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) species of wild birds in northwestern Turkey with a new host record
Fig. 1. Degeerialla nisus from the common buzzard (Bute buteo). (A), Male, (B) male genitalia.
Fig. 1 in Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts
Fig. 1. Collecting localities of alligators in Georgia and Florida.
Fig. 4 in Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts
Fig. 4. Prey stomach contents categorized to taxonomic class levels.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.