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Fig. 1. Part 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Blaberidae (Dictyoptera, Blattodea), with implications for taxonomy and evolutionary scenarios
Fig. 1. Part 2. See legend on preceding page.
Data from: Genome-wide Screens Implicate Loss of Cullin Ring Ligase 3 in Persistent Proliferation and Genome Instability in TP53-Deficient Cells
<p>CSV files of whole-Genome Knockout Screens for Proliferation and Tumorigenic Growth. The data is retrieved from:</p> <p>Title: "Genome-wide Screens Implicate Loss of Cullin Ring Ligase 3 in Persistent Proliferation and Genome Instability in TP53-Deficient Cells"</p> <p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.029</p> <p>The excel sheet with data shown in figure 1B is converted to CSV files.</p>
Extended data for Manuscript: Precision medicine implementation and research-practice partnerships: implications of measurement scale differential item functioning (DIF)
<p>This is the extended data for the manuscript submitted to F1000 Research titled:</p> <p>Precision medicine implementation and research-practice partnerships: implications of measurement scale differential item functioning (DIF).</p> <p>File 1 is the redacted survey responses from a card sort exercise carried out to find out how the study participants sorted and ranked various measures of factors thought to influence precision medicine implementation at health systems level.</p> <p>File 2 consists of the study package as described in the article</p>
Data from: The ovipositor actuation mechanism of a parasitic wasp and its functional implications
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Parasitic wasps use specialized needle-like structures—ovipositors—to drill in substrates to reach hidden hosts. The external ovipositor (terebra) consists of three interconnected, sliding elements (valvulae) which are moved reciprocally during insertion. This presumably reduces the required pushing force on the terebra and limits the risk of damage whilst probing. Although this is an important mechanism, it is still not completely understood how the actuation of the valvulae is achieved, and it has only been studied with the ovipositor in rest position. Additionally, very little is known about the magnitude of the forces generated during probing. We used synchrotron X-ray microtomography to reconstruct the actuation mechanism of the parasitic wasp <i>Diachasmimorpha longicaudata</i> (Braconidae) in four distinct phases of the probing cycle. We show that only the paired first valvulae of the terebra move independently, while the second valvula moves with the metasoma ('abdomen'). The first valvula movements are initiated by rotation of one chitin plate (first valvifer) with respect to another such plate (second valvifer). This is achieved indirectly by muscles connecting the non-rotating second valvifer and the abdominal ninth tergite. Unlike previously reported, we found muscle fibres running inside the terebra, although their function remains unclear. The estimated maximal forces that can be exerted by the first valvulae are small (protraction 1.19 mN and retraction 0.874 mN), which reduces the risk of buckling but are sufficient for successful probing. The small net forces of the valvulae on the substrate may still lead to buckling of the terebra; we show that the sheaths surrounding the valvulae prevent this by effectively increasing the diameter and second moment of area of the terebra. Our findings improve the comprehension of hymenopteran probing mechanisms, the function of the associated muscles, and the forces and damage limiting mechanism that are involved in drilling a slender terebra into a substrate.</p>
Data from: Climate synchronises shrub growth across a high-arctic archipelago: contrasting implications of summer and winter warming
<p>Climate change is most pronounced at high latitudes, where plant and animal populations are often strongly influenced by environmental fluctuations related to climate and weather. Environmental conditions can co-fluctuate over large distances and thereby synchronise primary production in space. However, large-scale studies of such spatiotemporal patterns remain rare in the Arctic, where short time-series and poor spatial replication have characterised the data available on both biotic and abiotic parameters. Here, we use dendrochronological tools to measure ring growth of a dominant dwarf shrub, the polar willow (<i>Salix polaris</i> Wahlenb.), previously found to reliably trace community-level vascular plant biomass production. We investigated climate drivers of vegetation growth and their role in the synchronisation of primary production across the rapidly warming archipelago of Svalbard (n = 8 sites, composed of 17 sub-sites, 0.06-293 km apart). We found contrasting effects of summer versus winter weather on ring growth and its spatial synchrony. Although an overall positive effect of summer temperature caused spatially synchronous growth, negative impacts of winter rain-on-snow events occurred only locally, potentially counteracting such synchrony. However, the anticipated increase in both summer temperature and spatial extent of rain-on-snow events, causing basal ice encapsulation of the vegetation, could change the relative importance of seasons for spatiotemporal dynamics of shrub growth. Because these shrub ring growth chronologies reflect annual fluctuations in total vascular plant biomass, fuelling the bottom-up controlled food-web, these results have large implications for our understanding of how climate change shapes tundra ecosystem productivity in time and space.</p>
The oxygen isotope compositions of large numbers of small cosmic spherules: Implications for their sources and the isotopic composition of the upper atmosphere
<p>Cosmic spherules are micrometeorites that melt at high altitude as they enter Earth's atmosphere and their oxygen isotope compositions are partially or completely inherited from the upper atmosphere, depending on the heating experienced and the nature of their precursor materials. In this study, the <b>three oxygen isotope</b> compositions of 137 <b>cosmic spherules are</b> determined using 277 in-situ analyses by ion probe. Particles of each different type of cosmic spherule (scoriaceous, porphyritic, cryptocrystalline, barred, glass, calcium aluminium and titanium (CAT), G-type and I-type) in the diameter range ~52–480mm were analysed. The results confirm that the <b>three</b> oxygen isotope compositions of melted <b>micrometeorites</b> reflect a combination of their precursor composition, exchange with the atmosphere and mass fractionation owing to evaporation during entry heating. The data <b>appear to </b>reveal an increase in average δ<sup>18</sup>O values of silicate dominated (S-type) spherules in the series scoriaceous<porphyritic<barred<glass<CAT spherules (~20, 22, 25, 26 and 50‰) that is consistent with the evolution of oxygen isotopes by mass fractionation owing to increased average entry heating. The trend of δ<sup>17,18</sup>O is broadly parallel to the terrestrial fractionation line and thus suggests mass fractionation dominates changes in isotopic composition, with atmospheric exchange a less significant effect. The D<sup>17</sup>O values of spherules, therefore, are mostly preserved and suggest that ~80% of particles are related to the carbonaceous chondrites (CC) and are probably samples of C-type asteroids. The genetic relationships between different S-types can also be determined with scoriaceous, barred and cryptocrystalline spherules mostly having low D<sup>17</sup>O values <b>(≤0‰)</b> suggesting they are mainly derived from CC-like sources, whilst porphyritic mostly have positive D<sup>17</sup>O <b>(>0‰)</b> suggesting they are largely from ordinary chondrite (OC)-like sources related to S(IV)-type asteroids. Glassy and CAT-spherules have D<sup>17</sup>O values <b>indicating</b> they formed by intense entry heating of both CC and OC-like materials. I-type cosmic spherules have a narrow range of δ<sup>17</sup>O (~20–25‰) and δ<sup>18</sup>O (~38–48‰) values, with D<sup>17</sup>O (~0‰) <b>suggesting</b> their oxygen is obtained entirely from the Earth's atmosphere, albeit with significant mass fractionation owing to evaporation during entry heating. The observed range of δ<sup>18</sup>O with the size is suggested here to reflect entry angle with high values representing enhanced heating at high angle. Finally, G-type <b>cosmic spherules</b> have unexpected isotopic compositions suggesting little mass-fractionation from a CC-like source and are suggested to have sulphide-silicate precursors with relatively low melting temperatures. The results of this study provide a <b>vital assessment</b> of the <b>wider</b> population of extraterrestrial dust arriving <b>at the</b> Earth.</p>
Changing biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystem implications
<p>The datasets published here apply only to unpublished nutrient data from the wintertime trans-Southern Ocean sections WOCE line IO6 (2017) and A12 (2019) and one summertime surface ocean A12 ammonium dataset. Nutrient concentrations are in units micromole per liter. Variables measured from the CTD (pressure, temperature and salinity) for the two wintertime datasets are provided at 1 m resolution.</p> <p>Winter nutrient sampling was conducted aboard the R/V SA Agulhas II in 2017 (WC-17; 28 June – 13 July 2017) along WOCE line IO6 (Indian sector) and in 2019 (SCALE; 18 July – 12 August 2019) along WOCE line A12 (the GoodHope repeat hydrographic line; Atlantic sector). Seawater was collected at regular depth intervals in 12-L Niskin bottles attached to a CTD rosette. Samples for the analysis of nitrate, nitrite, dissolved silicon and phosphate concentrations were decanted into replicate 50 mL HDPE tubes that were copiously rinsed prior to filling. Duplicate tubes were immediately frozen at -20°C for later measurement of nitrate and dissolved silicon, whilst nitrite and phosphate samples that were to be measured shipboard within a few hours were stored in the fridge. Duplicate samples of unfiltered seawater (~40 mL) were also collected at each depth between the surface and 500 m for the analysis of ammonium concentrations in 50 mL HDPE Nalgene bottles that had been stored (“aged”) with orthophthaldialdehyde working reagent (OPA-WR) prior to sample collection. The OPA-WR was decanted just prior to sample collection and bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling.</p> <p>Phosphate and nitrite concentrations were analysed manually according to the methods described by Grasshoff et al. (1983), with absorbance measured using a Thermo Scientific Genesis 30 Visible spectrophotometer. Aliquots of a certified reference material (CRM; JAMSTEC) were analysed with each sample run to ensure data quality. Nitrate+nitrite and dissolved silicon were measured in the Marine Biogeochemistry Lab at the University of Cape Town (MBL-UCT) using a Lachat Quick-Chem flow injection autoanalyser (Wolters, 2002;Egan, 2008). Standards of varying concentration were run after every ten samples to monitor instrument performance and allow for correction of any drift, and a CRM was measured at the beginning and end of each run to ensure measurement accuracy. The precision of the nitrate+nitrite, dissolved silicon, phosphate, and nitrite measurements was ± 0.4 µmol L-1, ± 0.2 µmol L-1, ± 0.06 µmol L-1, and ± 0.05 µmol L-1, respectively, and the detection limit was 0.1 µmol L-1, 0.2 µmol L-1, 0.05 µmol L-1, and 0.05 µmol L-1, respectively.</p> <p>Ammonium concentrations were measured shipboard via the fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999) using a UV module in a Turner Designs Trilogy Fluorometer 7500-000. Standards were made daily using Type-1 ultrapure Milli-Q water, and samples and standards were measured in duplicate. Precision was ± 0.01 µmol L-1 and the detection limit was <0.02 µmol L-1. The matrix effect resulting from the calibration of seawater samples to Milli-Q standards was calculated according to the standard addition method (Saxberg and Kowalski, 1979). All samples were corrected for the matrix effect (Holmes et al., 1999), which was always <10% and typically <5%. No ammonium concentration data are available for the summer in the WOCE database. However, we collected triplicate samples of unfiltered seawater (~40 mL) from the underway system (~7 m intake depth) of the R/V SA Agulhas II every ~0.25 degrees of latitude during the 2018/2019 resupply voyage along WOCE line A12 between Cape Town and Antarctica (SANAE 58; 7 – 17 December 2018). These samples were measured shipboard as described above. Although not collected at the same time as the other summertime nutrient data from WOCE line A12, the SANAE 58 ammonium concentrations provide an indication of typical summertime conditions. </p> <p>N* is a quasi-conservative tracer used to track the changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) relative to phosphate, thereby providing information as to whether fixed nitrogen is being added to or lost from an ecosystem relative to phosphorus (Gruber and Sarmiento, 1997). N* was originally defined as N* (µmol L-1) = [NO3-] – 16 x [PO43-]. Here, we further derive N*DIN = [NO3-+NO2-+NH4+] – 16 x [PO43-] where DIN is the sum of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium, and 16 is the average stoichiometric N:P ratio observed during the autotrophic production and heterotrophic remineralisation of organic matter (Redfield et al., 1963;Anderson and Sarmiento, 1994). The tracer Si* was initially developed to track SAMW from its formation region into the lower latitude ocean (Sarmiento et al., 2004). It is also an indicator of the nutrient status of diatoms. Si* leverages the general observation that under favourable conditions, diatoms consume dissolved silicon and nitrate in a ratio of ~1:1 (Hutchins and Bruland, 1998;Takeda, 1998;Ragueneau et al., 2000), but that under conditions of limitation (e.g. of low iron), the ratio of dissolved silicon-to-nitrate uptake changes (e.g. Franck et al., 2000;Brzezinski et al., 2003). Si* was computed from measurements of nitrate and dissolved silicon concentrations following Sarmiento et al. (2004) as Si* (µmol L-1) = [Si(OH)4] – [NO3-].</p>
Data from: A natural gene drive system influences bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in African buffalo: possible implications for disease management
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic to the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP) and Kruger National Park, South Africa. In HiP, the disease has been actively managed since 1999 through a test-and-cull procedure targeting BTB-positive buffalo. Prior studies in Kruger showed associations between microsatellite alleles, BTB and body condition. A sex chromosomal meiotic drive, a form of natural gene drive, was hypothesized to be ultimately responsible. These associations indicate high-frequency occurrence of two types of male-deleterious alleles (or multiple-allele haplotypes). One type negatively affects body condition and BTB resistance in both sexes. The other type has sexually antagonistic effects: negative in males but positive in females. Here, we investigate whether a similar gene drive system is present in HiP buffalo, using 17 autosomal microsatellites and microsatellite-derived Y-chromosomal haplotypes from 401 individuals, culled in 2002-2004. We show that the association between autosomal microsatellite alleles and BTB susceptibility detected in Kruger, is also present in HiP. Further, Y-haplotype frequency dynamics indicated that a sex chromosomal meiotic drive also occurred in HiP. BTB was associated with negative selection of male-deleterious alleles in HiP, unlike positive selection in Kruger. Birth sex ratios were female-biased. We attribute negative selection and female-biased sex ratios in HiP to the absence of a Y-chromosomal sex-ratio distorter. This distorter has been hypothesized to contribute to positive selection of male-deleterious alleles and male-biased birth sex ratios in Kruger. As previously shown in Kruger, microsatellite alleles were only associated with male-deleterious effects in individuals born after wet pre-birth years; a phenomenon attributed to epigenetic modification. We identified two additional allele types: male-specific deleterious and beneficial alleles, with no discernible effect on females. Finally, we discuss how our findings may be used for breeding disease-free buffalo and implementing BTB test-and-cull programs.
Data from: The earliest baleen whale of the mediterranean: Large-scale implications of an early miocene thalassotherian mysticete from Piedmont, Italy
The discovery of an Early Miocene chaeomysticete from the Pietra da Cantoni Group in Piedmont (north-western Italy) allowed for the creation of Atlanticetus n. gen. and Atlanticetus lavei n. sp. The new species is represented by a partial skeleton including the earbones and shows anatomical resemblance with Atlanticetus patulus (new combination) from the western North Atlantic. The Early Miocene age of the new specimen supports the view that it represents the oldest record of Chaeomysticeti from the Mediterranean. A new phylogenetic analysis showed that both A. patulus and A. lavei belong to a radiation of basal thalassotherian taxa. The basal thalassotherians are found being monophyletic to the exclusion of Cetotheriidae and Balaenopteroidea. The reconstruction of ancestral characters at selected nodes informs that the group including Atlanticetus and living balaenopterid taxa independently evolved rostra wide at base, anterolateral expansion in the tympanic bulla and a peculiar arrangement of the endocranial foramina of the periotic exhibiting a noteworthy phenomenon of convergent evolution in feeding and hearing functions with Balaenopteridae. The paleobiogeographic analysis showed that the North Pacific was the center of origin of Balaenomorpha (crown mysticetes), Thalassotherii and Balaenoidea. The recurrent invasion of the Mediterranean by balaenomorph mysticetes occurred from both the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Figure 2 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 2. Continued.
Figure 2 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 2. Continued.
Data from: Variation and conservation implications of the effectiveness of anti-bear interventions
<p>Human-bear conflicts triggered by nuisance behaviour in public places and damage to livestock, crops, beehives and trees are among the main threats to bear populations globally. The effectiveness of interventions used to minimize bear-caused damage is insufficiently known and comparative reviews are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 77 cases from 48 publications and used the relative risk of damage to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions, invasive management (translocations) and lethal control (shooting) against bears. We show that the most effective interventions are electric fences (95% confidence interval = 79.2-100% reduction in damage), calving control (100%) and livestock replacement (99.8%), but the latter two approaches were applied in only one case each and need more testing. Deterrents varied widely in their effectiveness (13.7-79.5%) and we recommend applying these during the peak periods of damage infliction. We found shooting (-34.2 to 100%) to have a short-term positive effect with its effectiveness decreasing significantly and linearly over time. We did not find relationships between bear density and intervention effectiveness, possibly due to differences in spatial scales at which they were measured (large scales for densities and local fine scales for effectiveness). We appeal for more effectiveness studies and their scientific publishing in regard to under-represented conflict species and regions.</p>
data for [Magnetostratigraphic evidence for post-depositional disruption of osmium isotopic records in pelagic clay and its implications for mineral flux estimates]
<p>Data produced in <em>Magnetostratigraphic evidence for post-depositional disruption of osmium isotopic records in pelagic clay and its implications for mineral flux estimates</em></p>
The data generated or compiled in the study of "Diverse polygonal patterned grounds in the northern Eridania basin, Mars: Possible origins and implications"
<p>The data that we generated or compiled, that is used to make a figure (e.g. geologic maps (Figure 2), mapped ridges (included in Figure 2), tables of measurements underlying the histograms (Figures 10 and 18), crater counts (Figure 12)), are placed in a public data repository outside of the JGR paywall. They have been introduced in the following publication, where more details can be found:</p> <p> </p> <p>Y. Dang, F. Zhang, J. Zhao, J. Wang, Y. Xu, T. Huang, and L. Xiao</p> <p>Diverse Polygonal Patterned Grounds in the Northern Eridania Basin, Mars: Possible Origins and Implications.</p> <p>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2020,125, e2020JE006647. https://<br> doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006647</p> <p> </p> <p>The file format is "Shp" processed in the software ArcGIS 10.6. The detailed description and information can be found in the title of each file below, and also their corresponding figure caption in the paper after it is formally published.</p>
Data from: Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change
<p>Concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships provide new insights into solute production processes. Temporal sampling and analyses are needed to investigate the chemical weathering behaviors and reduce the estimation errors of fluxes. But few studies have been done in Asian monsoonal rivers, which play an important role in global carbon cycle. We analyzed the dissolved solutes of Three largest rivers in China. Datong and Qingxi in Changjiang River were selected to represent the midterm and outlet of the Changjiang River. Lijin was selected as the outlet of the Yellow River. We analyzed the major ions, which can represent the chemical weathering index. Our study may help deepen the understanding of chemical weathering and solutes fluxes.</p>
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
Data from: Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat – its implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation
Specialization in narrow ecological niches might not only help species to survive in competitive or unique environments but also contribute to their extermination over evolutionary time. Although the "evolutionary dead end" hypothesis has long been debated, empirical evidence from species with detailed information on niche specialization and evolutionary history is still rare. Here we used a group of four closely related Cnemaspis gecko species that highly depend on granite boulder caves in the Mekong Delta to illuminate the potential impact of ecological specialization on their evolution and population dynamics. Isolated by the unsuitable habitat of a flood plain, these boulder-dwelling geckos are among the most narrowly distributed Squamata species in the world. We applied several coalescence-based approaches combined with the RAD-seq technique to estimate their divergence times, gene flow and demographic fluctuations during the speciation and population differentiation processes. Our results showed long-term population shrinkage in the four geckos and limited gene flow during their divergence. The results suggest that the erosion and fragmentation of the granite boulder hills have had great impacts on these populations' divergences and population declines. We argue that the specialist gecko's habitat specialization has facilitated the fine-scaled speciation in these granite rocky hills; in contrast, specialization might also have pushed these species toward the edge of extinction. Our study also emphasizes the conservation urgency of these vulnerable, cave-dependent geckos.
Data from: Dispersal patterns in a medium-density Irish badger population: implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission.
<p>European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) are group-living mustelids implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis (TB)<i> </i>to cattle and act as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. In badgers, only a minority of individuals disperse from their natal social group. However, dispersal may be extremely important for the spread of TB, as dispersers could act as hubs for disease transmission. We monitored a population of 139 wild badgers over seven years in a medium-density population (1.8 individuals/ km<sup>2</sup>). GPS-tracking collars were applied to 80 different individuals. Of these, we identified 25 dispersers, 14 of which were wearing collars as they dispersed. This allowed us to record the process of dispersal in much greater detail than ever before. We show that dispersal is an extremely complex process, and measurements of straight-line distance between old and new social groups can severely underestimate how far dispersers travel. Assumptions of straight-line travel can also underestimate direct and indirect interactions and the potential for disease transmission. For example, one female disperser which eventually settled 1.5 km from her natal territory travelled 308 km and passed through 22 different territories during dispersal. Knowledge of badgers'ranging behaviour during dispersal is crucial to understanding the dynamics of TB transmission, and for designing appropriate interventions, such as vaccination.</p>
The response of the ozone layer to quadrupled CO2 concentrations: implications for climate
<p>The quantification of the climate impacts exerted by stratospheric ozone changes in abrupt 4 × CO2 forcing experiments is an important step in assessing the role of the ozone layer in the climate system. Here, we build on our previous work on the change of the ozone layer under 4 × CO2 and examine the effects of ozone changes on the climate response to 4 × CO2, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. We show that the global-mean radiative perturbation induced by the ozone changes under 4 × CO2 is small, due to nearly total cancellation between high and low latitudes, and between longwave and shortwave fluxes. Consistent with the small global-mean radiative perturbation, the effect of ozone changes on the global-mean surface temperature response to 4 × CO2 is negligible. However, changes in the ozone layer due to 4 × CO2 have a considerable impact on the tropospheric circulation. During boreal winter, we find significant ozone-induced tropospheric circulation responses in both hemispheres. In particular, ozone changes cause an equatorward shift of the North Atlantic jet, cooling over Eurasia, and drying over northern Europe. The ozone signals generally oppose the direct effects of increased CO2 levels and are robust across the range of ozone changes imposed in this study. Our results demonstrate that stratospheric ozone changes play a considerable role in shaping the atmospheric circulation response to CO2 forcing in both hemispheres and should be accounted for in climate sensitivity studies.</p>
Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy
<p>Detailed description and phylogenetic assessment of a phytosaur skull collected from the Tiki Formation of the Rewa Gondwana Basin of India and earlier diagnosed as <i>Parasuchus hislopi</i>, shows that it pertains to a new genus and species, <i>Volcanosuchus statisticae</i>. The new taxon is characterized by marginal overlapping of the nostrils by the antorbital fenestrae, external nares situated on a bulbous and raised dome, the lateral surface of the jugal ornamented by a prominent ridge defined by multiple tubercles and radiating thread-like structures, and distinct ornamentation patterns on the rostrum and skull table. Phylogenetic analysis nests <i>Volcanosuchus</i> within Mystriosuchinae where it forms a sister taxon to (<i>Rutiodon</i> + Leptosuchomorpha) and marks the transition between the basal Parasuchidae and more derived Mystriosuchinae phytosaurs. Evolution of the phytosaur skulls resulted in changes from non-overlapping nostril and antorbital fenestra to an overlapping state, anteroposterior elongation of the exoccipital and supraoccipital shelf, appearance of a median ridge on the basioccipital, and reduction of the supratemporal fenestra. Considerable faunal overlap of the Tiki Formation is evident with the lower Maleri Formation, which is late Carnian based on <i>Hyperodapedon</i>, <i>Parasuchus,</i> and <i>Exaeretodon</i>. The Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America, and ranges from late Carnian to early/middle Norian.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.