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Fig. 2 in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki reduces competition by Parapoynx diminutalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in colonies of the hydrilla biological control agent Cricotopus lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Fig. 2. Cricotopus lebetis development in Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki; Btk) treated water containing Hydrilla verticillata. Hydrilla tip mining midge development is recorded as the proportion of pupae and adults that suc- cessfully developed from the inoculated larvae. Bars are means ± SE. A Wil- coxon means comparison test indicated significance between the control and Btk treatments as indicated by asterisks.

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Fig. 1 in Influence of various farmland habitats on abundance of Taeniaptera (Diptera: Micropezidae)

Fig. 1. Monthly abundance (mean ± SE) of Taeniaptera collected in various farmland habitats: vegetable crops (veg.), fallow, agroforestry (agrof.), and native vegetation (nat. veg.) in the Federal District, Brazil.

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Fig. 2 in Influence of various farmland habitats on abundance of Taeniaptera (Diptera: Micropezidae)

Fig. 2. Abundance distribution (mean ± SE) of Taeniaptera collected during Mar 2012 to Feb 2013 in various farmland habitats in the Federal District, Brazil.

Fig. 2 in Toxicity of malathion and spinosad to Bactrocera zonata and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 2. Mortality (± SE) of Ceratitis capitata (Medfly) and Bactrocera zonata (PFF) following 2 h of exposure to glass slides with 3 µL drops of Buminal bait containing various doses (ppm) of malathion 1,040 (A) and of hydrolyzed yeast bait containing various doses of malathion 50 (B).

Fig. 4 in Toxicity of malathion and spinosad to Bactrocera zonata and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 4. Mortality (± SE) and consumption (drops per fly; ± SE) of 3 µL drops of Success bait (1% GF-120 with 10% sucrose) containing various doses of spinosad on glass slides among Bactrocera zonata following 2 h of exposure.

Fig. 1 in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae): a new alternative host for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil

Fig. 1. Acca sellowiana fruit showing characteristic symptoms of Conotrachelus psidii attack: damage caused by feeding (black circles) and oviposition (white circles). An adult male of C. psidii is indicated by a black arrow, and an egg-laying adult female of Drosophila sp. is indicated by a white arrow.

Fig. 1 in Development of Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango and other tropical and temperate fruit in the laboratory

Fig. 1. Mean numbers of apple-origin female and male adults of Rhagoletis pomonella that landed on apple and tropical fruit in the laboratory in 2014. (A) Test using 1 female and 1 male per replicate; (B) test using 3 females and 3 males per replicate; n = number of replicates. Error bars represent SE. Ranks inside parentheses above bars with the same letter within sexes are not significantly different (P> 0.05; LSD test afer Kruskal–Wallis test). Females in (A): χ2 = 20.46; df = 1; P <0.0001; males in (A): χ2 = 20.37; df = 1; P <0.0001; females in (B): χ2 = 22.18; df = 4; P = 0.0002; males in (B): χ2 = 35.54; df = 4; P <0.0001.

Fig. 6 in Inexpensive artisanal traps for mass trapping fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Haiti

Fig. 6. Predicted number of fruit flies caught relative to trap density in a mango orchard in Haiti during Jan 21 to Mar 3, 2015.

Fig. 2 in Inexpensive artisanal traps for mass trapping fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Haiti

Fig. 2. Total number of fruit flies caught for each trap model in a mango orchard in Haiti. Bars labeled with the same letter were not significantly different (ANOVA, Fisher LSD α = 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Inexpensive artisanal traps for mass trapping fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Haiti

Fig. 1. Trap models developed and used for evaluation of mass trapping efficacy for fruit flies in a mango orchard in Haiti. AT1, yellow-bottomed artisanal trap; AT2, clear artisanal trap; and MP, commercial McPhail trap.

Fig. 3 in Inexpensive artisanal traps for mass trapping fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Haiti

Fig. 3. Average proportion of female and male fruit flies caught per trap model in a mango orchard in Haiti. Bars labeled with identical letters were not significantly different afer comparisons among trap models (ANOVA, Fisher LSD α = 0.05).

Fig. 4 in Inexpensive artisanal traps for mass trapping fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Haiti

Fig. 4. Total number of fruit flies caught at 24 McPhail per ha (MP/ha) and 36 clear artisanal trap per ha (AT2/ha) in a mango orchard in Haiti. Bars labeled with the same letters were not significantly different (Binomial test for equal proportion, α = 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Toxicity of malathion and spinosad to Bactrocera zonata and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) consumption rate (drops per fly) of Bactrocera zonata exposed to drops of 10% sucrose with Buminal (A); GF-120 (B); and hydrolyzed yeast (C). The flies had access to the drops for 2 h and consumption was evaluated by observation. Statistical analysis was performed separately for each bait. Means labeled with different letters are significantly different from each an- other (Tukey HSD test, P = 0.05).

Fig. 2. Chromatograph comparing original and redesigned primers for Ccmic3 in Inheritance of fifeen microsatellite loci in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 2. Chromatograph comparing original and redesigned primers for Ccmic3 on sample A1-F1-07, Family A1. Both reactions were run simultaneously on the same fragment analysis plate using the same PCR conditions, DNA concentrations, and dilution factor. a) Chromatograph of progeny exhibiting an allele call of 74/74. Parents are 74/76 and 76/76. The observed 76 bp peak was considered to be weak. Cloning and sequencing confirmed the existence of this 76 bp fragment. b) Chromatograph of the same progeny as in Fig. 2a now exhibiting an allele call of 72/74 afer primer modification. Parents are now 72/74 and 74/74. The observed 74 bp peak is more pronounced compared to the previous 76 bp call. The intensity of the 74 bp peak also increased while the other 3 visible peaks decreased. This suggests an increase in adenylation has occurred.

Fig. 1 in First report of "hunter-fly" Coenosia attenuata (Diptera: Muscidae) in Mexico

Fig. 1. Adults and male genitalia of Coenosia attenuata. A) Sexual dimorphism with female on the lef, male on the right, B) ventral, lateral, and dorsal views of male genitalia, and C) a female C. attenuata preying on a fungus gnat.

Fig. 1 in Evaluation of mass trapping and bait stations to control Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies in mango orchards of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig. 1. Devices used as treatments during field evaluations: a) 600 mL polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle with three 1 × 1 cm holes in the upper third, baited with 50 mL of hydrolyzed protein; b) 600 mL PET bottle with two 3 × 3 cm windows in the upper middle, baited with 150 mL of GF-120 Naturalyte (80 ppm); c) MS® is a commercial bait station consisting of a 2-piece, bottle-shaped device, with a transparent upper piece with three 3 × 3 cm windows in the middle part and a yellow bottom, baited with Atrayente® (mix of 30% hydrolyzed protein, 10% propylene glycol, 5% malathion, and adjuvants; d) MS2® is the same MS® device as in 'c' but with the upper piece containing three 1-cm-diameter holes in the middle part, baited with 250 mL of Cera Trap®; e) wax matrix bait station is a waxed green box with slots baited with BioLure® synthetic attractant (ammonium acetate and putrescine); f) INIFAP trap is a 2 L, 14-cm-diameter, and 14 cm high cylindrical container, with three 1-cm-diameter holes at mid-height, baited with 250 mL of Cera Trap®.

Fig. 4 in Evaluation of mass trapping and bait stations to control Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies in mango orchards of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig. 4. Recapture of sterile Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua in Multilure® traps in different treatments. For each species, trap capture percentages topped by the same letter are not significantly different (α = 0.05).

Fig. 2 in Evaluation of mass trapping and bait stations to control Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies in mango orchards of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig. 2. Recapture percentages of sterile Anastrepha ludens (top) and sterile Anastrepha obliqua (bottom) in Multilure® traps located in plots with PET bottle mass trapping devices, ground-sprayed with GF-120 Naturalyte, or untreated (control) in a mango orchard. For each season, trap capture percentages topped by the same letter are not significantly different (α = 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Inheritance of fifeen microsatellite loci in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. Sequence alignment of Ccmic3 with original primer design. Top two sequences are genotypes of 74 bp allele and bottom two sequences are genotypes of the 76 bp allele. One extra thymine residue on the 5' end appeared in 8 of the 8 clones for this allele leading to difficulties in scoring this locus. Redesign of the forward primer by adding the extra guanines provided better resolution in scoring. Lower case sequence represents the Topo 2.1 vector just past the EcoRI in the multiple cloning site.

Fig. 3 in Attraction of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to white light in the presence and absence of ammonia

Fig. 3. Mean numbers ± SE of Rhagoletis indifferens flies caught on clear styrene trap with 60 W halogen bulb and no ammonia lure at different light intensities (lx) shown along the x-axis. Light intensities inside test cage were 90 to 250 lx. Maximum number of flies was 60. Means with same letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05, Tukey's HSD test).