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opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data from: Machine learning confirms new records of maniraptoran theropods in Middle Jurassic UK microvertebrate faunas

Current research suggests that the initial radiation of maniraptoran theropods occurred in the Middle Jurassic, although their fossil record is known almost exclusively from the Cretaceous. However, fossils of Jurassic maniraptorans are scarce, usually consisting solely of isolated teeth, and their identifications are often disputed. Here, we apply different machine learning models, in conjunction with morphological comparisons, to a suite of isolated theropod teeth from Bathonian microvertebrate sites in the UK in order to determine if any of these can be confidently assigned to Maniraptora. We generated three independent models developed on a training dataset with a wide range of theropod taxa and broad geographical and temporal coverage. Classifying the Middle Jurassic teeth in our sample against these models indicates the presence of at least three distinct dromaeosaur morphotypes, plus a therizinosaur and troodontid, in these assemblages, a conclusion supported by morphological comparison. These new referrals significantly extend the ranges of Therizinosauroidea and Troodontidae, by some 27 million years. These results indicate that not only were maniraptorans present in the Middle Jurassic, as predicted by previous phylogenetic analyses, but had already radiated into a diverse fauna that pre-dated the break-up of Pangaea. This study also demonstrates the power of machine learning to provide quantitative assessments of isolated teeth in providing a robust, testable framework for taxonomic identifications, and highlights the importance of assessing and including evidence from microvertebrate sites in faunal and evolutionary analyses.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data for: Variation in eye lenses of two new Late Devonian phacopid trilobites from western Junggar, NW China

The Suborder Phacopina, characterized by schizochroal eyes, is among the most common groups of trilobites in Devonian strata. The marine sediments of the Famennian in western Junggar, Xinjiang, contain abundant low-disparity phacopids, which have previously been designated to Omegops accipitrinus mobilis, Phacops circumspectans tuberculosus, and Omegops cornelius, based on small numbers of poorly preserved specimens. In this study, these phacopids were identified as two new species of Omegops, O. honggulelengensis sp. nov. and O. xiangi sp. nov., based on nearly 200 well-preserved specimens. The intraspecific variations of eye-lenses of these specimens were quantitatively analyzed. Based on differences in the total number, number of dorso-ventral files, and arrangement of the eye lenses, the absence of lenses in the middle part of the visual surface, and asymmetry of the number and/or arrangement of lenses in the two eyes, it was concluded that the reasons for intraspecific variation in eye lenses of Late Devonian Omegops from western Junggar were different from previously described factors, but were likely genetic or embryological malfunctions, or abnormalities caused by pathological conditions. Diversity of lenses in the schizochroal eyes shows that the number and arrangement of eye lenses were not stable in Phacopina. Therefore, many specimens are needed for quantitative study to determine the true characteristics of the number or arrangement of eye lenses when these features are used in the systematic taxonomy of Phacopina.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Phylogenetic data for: Synchrospora gen. nov., a new Peronosporaceae genus with aerial lifestyle from a natural cloud forest in Panama

During a survey of Phytophthora diversity in Panama, fast-growing oomycete isolates were obtained from naturally fallen leaves of an unidentified tree species in a tropical cloud forest. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the nuclear ITS, LSU and ß–tubulin loci and the mitochondrial cox1 and cox2 genes revealed they belong to a new species of a new genus, officially described here as Synchrospora gen. nov., which resided as a basal genus within the Peronosporaceae. The type species S. medusiformis has unique morphological characters. The sporangiophores show determinate growth, multifurcating at the end forming a stunted, candelabra-like apex from which multiple (8 to >100) long, curved pedicels are growing simultaneously in a medusa-like way. The caducous papillate sporangia mature and are shed synchronously. The breeding system is homothallic, hence more inbreeding than outcrossing, with smooth-walled oogonia, plerotic oospores and paragynous antheridia. Optimum and maximum temperatures for growth are 22.5 and 25–27.5 °C, consistent with its natural cloud forest habitat. It is concluded that S. medusiformis is adapted to a lifestyle as canopy-dwelling leaf pathogen in tropical cloud forests. More oomycete surveys in the canopies of tropical rainforests and cloud forests are needed to elucidate the diversity and role of oomycetes and, in particular, S. medusiformis and possibly other Synchrospora taxa in this as yet under-explored habitat.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Supplementary Data: Simple, but not simplified: A new approach for optimising beyond-Standard Model physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider

Supplementary Data Simple, but not simplified: A new approach for optimising beyond-Standard Model physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider This record contains the full dataset generated for the study "Simple, but not simplified: A new approach for optimising beyond-Standard Model physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider". It contains the following files: <ul> <li>data_cross_sections_full_exact.csv - a CSV file with the soft breaking parameters M1, M2, mu and tanb, the neutralino/chargino masses, the cross sections for neutralino-neutralino, chargino-neutralino and chargino-chargino production at the LHC operating at a CM energy of 13 TeV, and the branching ratios of the unstable charginos/neutralinos. </li> <li>benchmark_points.zip - this zip file contains the SLHA files for the four benchmark points as shown in the paper, together with the prospino output for the cross section. </li> </ul>

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Correlation between body size and longevity: new analysis and data covering six taxonomic classes of vertebrates

Large bodied species are known to live longer than small bodied species. However, it is less clear whether the positive correlation varies across taxa. In this short communication, we combine data entries from literature and databases on body mass and maximum life span for 3722 species covering taxonomic Classes Chondrichthyes, Teleostei, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. We then analyze the log(maximum life span) – log(body mass) relationship using generalized linear model with nested random intercepts and slopes for Class/Order/Family. Our analyses generally demonstrate the positive longevity – body mass relationship but also reveal that slopes and intercepts differ slightly among all Classes except Reptilia and Amphibia. Highest slopes can be found in Classes Aves and Chondrichthyes. Differences between the smallest and largest Family-level slopes was more than threefold. While these preliminary analyses provide a brief overview of body size – longevity relationships across taxa, the dataset collated in the present study could serve as a start point for in-depth phylogenetic analyses to uncover complex pathways through which body size and its correlates might have evolved.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

New data and systematic considerations on the Blattogryllopterida (Insecta: Grylloblattida) from the Jurassic Daohugou locality in China

The systematics of the Blattogryllopterida (Grylloblattida) from the Jurassic Daohugou locality (China) is reconsidered. The holotypes of Plesioblattogryllus magnificus and Duoduo qianae are examined, and new synonymies are proposed: Plesioblattogryllus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo Cui, 2012, syn. nov.; Plesioblattogryllus magnificus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo qianae Cui, 2012, syn. nov. The holotype of Plesioblattogryllus minor Ren & Aristov, 2011 is reinvestigated and re-documented, and a new well-preserved single wing of this rare species, also uncovered from the Jurassic Daohugou locality, is described. Besides the holotype, it is the first specimen exhibiting well-exposed wing venation characters for the species. Particular characters, such as the desclerotised MP, are better observed and complemented by Reflectance Transforming Imaging documentation. The new specimen might be a hind wing with a reduced plicatum, a trait yet unknown in grylloblattids. Based on these new data it occurs that, in contrast to P. magnificus and most Blattogryllopterida, the species possesses a long RP+MA fusion, with a long basal free part of MA and a very short basal free section of RP. Together with other characters, it justifies the erection of a new genus, Aristoviblattogryllus gen. nov., to accommodate the species Aristoviblattogryllus minor (Ren & Aristov, 2011), comb. nov.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2002View details →

Fig. 3 in Three new earthworm species of Microchaetus Rapp, 1849, and new data on two earlier known species of this genus (Oligochaeta: Microchaetidae)

Fig. 3. Microchaetus sophieae sp. n. Lateral view of clitellum. C = clitellum.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Pollinators and plants as ecosystem engineers: post-dispersal fruits provide new habitats for other organisms

Ecosystem engineering consists of a ubiquitous and fundamental class of interactions where some organisms promote state changes in biotic and abiotic materials which indirectly affect others. Since the concept was created as a counterpoint to traditional flux-based models, pollinators have never been considered to promote ecosystem engineering because they modulate the supply of resources used by seed/fruit consumers. However, dry fruits may persist in the environment for long periods after seed dispersion as empty structures that are an additional alternative for occupancy. These increase the realized niche of some organisms, being a clear example of biogenic habitats. Here, we demonstrate how pollination may boost ecosystem engineering using an illustrative case study based on a specialized interaction between a bee and an orchid with characteristic capsular fruits. We demonstrate that the orchid is fully dependent on the pollinator to set fruits. Post-dispersal fruits are voluminous and remain attached to the plant for several years. By investigating the occupation patterns of arthropods, we show that post-dispersal fruits are highly suitable for occupants when compared to pre-dispersal and dispersing fruits. Only 13.3% of post-dispersal fruits were never occupied, 33.3% had organisms inside and 53.3% showed signs of previous occupation. We propose that pollinators are allogenic engineers and plants autogenic, since they promote state changes through their actions and their own physical structure, respectively. Thus, pollination is a case of cooperative ecosystem engineering whereby the effects of the interaction between two or more species expand habitat suitability. Since most plants rely on pollination to set fruits, we suggest that pollination-mediated engineering constitutes a widespread phenomenon. This offers a new perspective about the effects of pollination in nature, highlighting the importance of pollinators and opening new avenues of investigation of ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity maintenance.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

A new method for the quantification of ambient particulate matter emission fluxes - Data

An inversion method has been developed in order to quantify the emission fluxes of certain aerosol pollution sources across a wide region in the Northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Western Asia. The data employed are the aerosol contribution factors deducted by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on a PM2.5 chemical composition dataset from 16 European and Asian cities for the period 2014 to 2016. The spatial resolution of the method corresponds to the geographic grid cell size of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model 5 (FLEXPART 10.4 , 1 x 1 degree) which was utilized for the air mass backward simulations. The area covered is also related to the location of the 16 cities under study.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Wide range of Brachyceran fly taxa attracted to synthetic and semi-synthetic generic noctuid lures and the description of new attractants for Sciomyzidae and Heleomyzidae families - RAW Data

Wide range of Brachyceran fly taxa attracted to synthetic and semi-synthetic generic noctuid lures and the description of new attractants for Sciomyzidae and Heleomyzidae families - RAW Data

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Phylogenomic data exploration with increased sampling provides new insights into the higher-level relationships of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera)

Genomes, alignments and tree files of the study "Phylogenomic data exploration with increased sampling provides new insights into the higher-level relationships of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108113".

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Evaluation Data for the Annotation of German and English New Testament Texts with Strong's Numbers

This repository provides a gold standard for parallel Bible texts and offers annotation of 20 New Testament verses with Strong's numbers referring to Greek words. We considered three German texts (Luther 2017, Schlachter, and Hoffnung für alle) and two English texts (New Revised Standard Version and World English Bible), See <a href="https://github.com/jd-s/gold-standard-parallel-bible">https://github.com/jd-s/gold-standard-parallel-bible</a> for more information.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Volume of Interest: Exploring New Data Types in Urban Functional Zones

随着全球城镇化的发展,实现城市功能区的精细化识别已成为一项挑战。基于POI数据的传统方法不足以识别不同区域的功能特征。以往研究中基本单位设置不精确、POI重分类标准模糊、功能区定义模糊等局限性,成为获得准确识别结果的重大障碍。为了解决这些问题,本研究提出了一种将POI数据扩展到三维空间并生成VOI(感兴趣体积)数据的方法。以香港一个小区域为例,采用一系列指标量化功能特征,然后将识别结果与基于POI的方法进行比较。最终鉴定总体准确率和kappa系数分别达到85.67%和0.7619,表明基于VOI的方法与实际情况基本吻合。分析表明,VOI数据包含更丰富、更全面的城市空间信息,能够更好地反映城市内不同区域之间的联系和影响。本研究可为城市功能区深入研究提供参考案例。

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Volatile traps as a new supplementary method of light trap for assessing diversity and composition of Macroheterocera assemblages - RAW Data

Volatile traps as a new supplementary method of light trap for assessing diversity and composition of Macroheterocera assemblages - RAW Data

Data from: A phylogenetic analysis of Marcetia (Melastomataceae, Marcetieae) and three new sprawling species from Bahia, Brazil

Binary images of leaves and anther connectives of Marcetia alba, M. barbadensis, M. minima, and M. serratifolia. These images were used to generate outlines for the shape analyses in Momocs.

FIG. 8 in New data on the distribution of the genus Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae) in the southwestern Balkans, with description of R. epirotica n. sp.

FIG. 8. — Locality of Mazarakia, Epirus, Greece.

FIG. 5. — Roeseliana epirotica n in New data on the distribution of the genus Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae) in the southwestern Balkans, with description of R. epirotica n. sp.

FIG. 5. — Roeseliana epirotica n. sp. ♀,holotype,lateral view. Body length 24.5 mm.

FIG. 7. — Roeseliana epirotica n in New data on the distribution of the genus Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae) in the southwestern Balkans, with description of R. epirotica n. sp.

FIG. 7. — Roeseliana epirotica n. sp. ♀ in natura.

FIG. 6. — Roeseliana epirotica n in New data on the distribution of the genus Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae) in the southwestern Balkans, with description of R. epirotica n. sp.

FIG. 6. — Roeseliana epirotica n. sp. ♂, allotype, lateral view.Body length 19.5 mm.