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3,583 results for “elevations”
Elevation alters outcome of competition between resident and range-shifting species
<p>Species' geographic range shifts towards higher latitudes and elevations are among the most frequently reported consequences of climate change. However, the role of species interactions in setting range margins remains poorly understood. We used cage experiments in ponds to test competing hypotheses about the role of abiotic and biotic mechanisms for structuring range boundaries of an up-slope range-shifting caddisfly <i>Limnephilus picturatus. </i>We found that competition with a ubiquitous species <i>Limnephilus externus</i> significantly decreased <i>L. picturatus</i> survival and emergence at subalpine elevations supporting the notion that species interactions play a critical role in determining up-slope range limits. However, without competitors, <i>L. picturatus</i> survival was greater at high-elevation than low-elevation sites. This was contrary to decreases in body mass (a proxy for fecundity) with elevation regardless of the presence of competitors. We ultimately show that species interactions can be important for setting up-slope range margins. Yet our results also highlight the complications in defining what may be abiotically stressful for this species and the importance of considering multiple demographic variables. Understanding how species ranges will respond in a changing climate will require quantifying species interactions and how they are influenced by the abiotic context in which they play out.</p>
Figs 13–19 in Elevation of Pilisaprinus to full generic status with notes on the evolution of termitoxeny in the Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)
Figs 13–19. Male terminalia of Pilisaprinus verschureni (Thérond, 1959). 13 – eighth sternite and tergite, ventral view; 14 – same, ventral view; 15 – same, lateral view; 16 – ninth and tenth tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 17 – ninth, tenth tergites and spiculum gastrale, lateral view; 18 – aedeagus, dorsal view; 19 – same, lateral view.
Data from: Elevated mutation rates underlie the evolution of the aquatic plant family Podostemaceae
<p>Molecular evolutionary rates vary among lineages and influence the evolutionary process. Here, we report elevated genome-wide mutation rates in Podostemaceae, a family of aquatic plants with a unique body plan that allows members to live on submerged rocks in fast-flowing rivers. Molecular evolutionary analyses using 1,640 orthologous gene groups revealed two historical increases in evolutionary rates: the first at the emergence of the family and the second at the emergence of Podostemoideae, which is the most diversified subfamily. In both branches, synonymous substitution rates were elevated, indicating higher mutation rates. On early branches, mutations were biased in favour of AT content, which is consistent with a role for ultraviolet light-induced mutation and a habitat shift. In ancestors of Podostemoideae, DNA-repair genes were enriched in genes under positive selection, which may have responded to the meristem architectural changes.</p>
Seasonal elevational patterns and the underlying mechanisms of avian diversity and community structure on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga
<p>This dataset contains bird survey data (Appedenix 2) and bird trait data (Appedenix 1) in the paper: "He et al. (2022) Seasonal elevational patterns and the underlying mechanisms of avian diversity and community structure on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga. Diversity and Distributions". Main results of the paper are that TD, PD and FD showed similar hump-shaped elevational patterns in both seasons. In the breeding season, TD, PD and FD for small-ranged species, were highly correlated with climatic factors (mean daily temperature, seasonal temperature range) and vegetation factors (enhanced vegetation index), while large-ranged species were correlated with spatial factors (mid-domain effect). In the non-breeding season, TD, PD and FD for all species groupings were positively correlated with climate factors. For small-ranged species in both seasons, community structure was more overdispersed at low and high elevations, and more clustered at middle elevations. For large-ranged species, community structure differed between seasons, showing a general trend toward clustering as elevations increase in the breeding season and trends toward overdispersion and/or evenness as elevations increase in the non-breeding season.</p>
Elevated expression of TUBA1C in breast cancer predicts poor prognosis
<p>α1C-tubulin (<em><span>TUBA1C</span></em>) is a member of the α-tubulin family and has served as a potential biomarker in a variety of cancers in many studies. In this study, the gene expression profile of <em><span>TUBA1C </span></em>in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was extracted for analysis, and the prognostic value of <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> in breast cancer was comprehensively evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the correlations between <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> expression and the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients. The effect of <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> expression on the survival of breast cancer patients was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier plotter (an online database). The TCGA data set was used for the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The results confirmed that high <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> expression in breast cancer was closely correlated with survival time, survival status, and tumor size. In addition, elevated <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> expression can predict poor overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses (Cox regression analyses) confirmed that <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of breast cancer patients. The GSEA identified that the high <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> expression phenotype was differentially enriched in cell cycle, basal transcription factor, P53 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, TOLL-like receptor signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. In summary, high messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of <em><span>TUBA1C</span></em> is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of breast cancer.</p>
Comparable early-stage decomposition but contrasting underlying drivers between surface and cave habitats along an elevational gradient
<p>The folder includes r script and the data files used to conduct the data analysis in this project: Comparable early-stage decomposition but contrasting underlying drivers between surface and cave habitats along an elevational gradient.</p>
Variation in leaf transcriptome responses to elevated ozone corresponds with physiological sensitivity to ozone across maize inbred lines
<p>All FASTA files used for BLAST analyses and all BLAST results for <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac080">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac080</a> are included. Descriptions of each file can be found in README_maize_genetics_2022_zenodo.csv and further information about the content of the files can be found on <a href="https://github.com/McIntyre-Lab/papers/tree/master/nanni_maize_2022">github</a>.</p>
Distribution. WC Argentina (Mendoza), in the Sierras de Uspallata at elevations of 1880-2136 m. in Abrocomidae
Distribution. WC Argentina (Mendoza), in the Sierras de Uspallata at elevations of 1880-2136 m.
Sampling plot × species matrix from: Climate-driven elevational variation in range sizes of vascular plants in the central Himalayas: a supporting case for Rapoport's rule
<p>A fundamental yet controversial topic in biogeography is how and why species range sizes vary along spatial gradients. To advance our understanding of these questions and to provide insights into biological conservation, we assessed elevational variations in the range sizes of vascular plants with different life forms and biogeographical affinities and explored the main drivers underlying these variations in the longest valley in China's Himalayas, the Gyirong Valley. Elevational range sizes of vascular plants were documented in 96 sampling plots along an elevational gradient ranging from 1,800 to 5,400 m above sea level. We assessed the elevational variations in range size by averaging the range sizes of all recorded species within each sampling plot. We then related the range size to climate, disturbance, and the mid-domain effect, and explored the relative importance of these factors in explaining the range size variations using the Random Forest model. A total of 545 vascular plants were recorded in the sampling plots along the elevational gradient. Of these, 158, 387, 337, and 112 were woody, herbaceous, temperate, and tropical species, respectively. The range size of each group of vascular plants exhibited uniform increasing trends along the elevational gradient, which was consistent with the prediction of Rapoport's rule. Climate was the main driver of the increasing trends of vascular plant range sizes in the Gyirong Valley. The climate variability hypothesis and mean climate condition hypothesis could both explain the elevation-range size relationships. Our results reinforce the previous notion that Rapoport's rule applies to regions where the influence of climate is the most pronounced, and call for close attention to the impact of climate change to prevent species range contraction and even extinction due to global warming. </p>
Distribution. High-elevation regions of Ethiopia. in Nesomyidae
Distribution. High-elevation regions of Ethiopia.
Plastic adjustments of biparental care behaviour across embryonic development under elevated temperature in a marine ectotherm
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in parental care investment allows organisms to promptly respond to rapid environmental changes by potentially benefiting offspring survival and thus parental fitness. To date, a knowledge gap exists on whether plasticity in parental care behaviours can mediate responses to climate change in marine ectotherms. Here, we assessed the plasticity of parental care investment under elevated temperatures in a gonochoric marine annelid with bi-parental care, Ophryotrocha labronica, and investigated its role in maintaining the reproductive success of this species in a warming ocean. We measured the time individuals spent carrying out parental care activities across three phases of embryonic development, as well as the hatching success of the offspring as a proxy for reproductive success, at control (24°C) and elevated (27°C) temperature conditions. Under elevated temperature we observed: (i) a significant decrease in total parental care activity, underpinned by a decreased in male and simultaneous parental care activity, in the late stage of embryonic development; and ii) a reduction of hatching success, that was however not significantly related to changes in parental-care activity levels. These findings, along with the observed unaltered somatic growth of parents and decreased brood size, suggest that potential cost-benefit trade-offs between offspring survival (i.e. immediate fitness) and parents somatic condition (i.e. longer-term fitness potential) may occur under ongoing ocean warming. Finally, our results suggest that plasticity in parental care behaviour is a mechanism able to partially mitigate the negative effects of temperature-dependent impacts.</p>
Data from: Elevated synaptic vesicle release probability in synaptophysin/gyrin family quadruple knockouts
Synaptophysins 1 and 2 and synaptogyrins 1 and 3 constitute a major family of synaptic vesicle membrane proteins. Unlike other widely expressed synaptic vesicle proteins such as vSNAREs and synaptotagmins, the primary function has not been resolved. Here, we report robust elevation in the probability of release of readily releasable vesicles with both high and low release probabilities at a variety of synapse types from knockout mice missing all four family members. Neither the number of readily releasable vesicles, nor the timing of recruitment to the readily releasable pool was affected. The results suggest that family members serve as negative regulators of neurotransmission, acting directly at the level of exocytosis to dampen connection strength selectively when presynaptic action potentials fire at low frequency. The widespread expression suggests that chemical synapses may play a frequency filtering role in biological computation that is more elemental than presently envisioned.
Supplementary material 1 from: Mikitová B, Šemeláková M, Panigaj Ľ (2022) Wing morphology and eyespot pattern of Erebia medusa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) vary along an elevation gradient in the Carpathian Mountains. Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.68624
Supplementary File 1
Supplementary material 3 from: Mikitová B, Šemeláková M, Panigaj Ľ (2022) Wing morphology and eyespot pattern of Erebia medusa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) vary along an elevation gradient in the Carpathian Mountains. Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.68624
Supplementary File 3
Supplementary material 2 from: Mikitová B, Šemeláková M, Panigaj Ľ (2022) Wing morphology and eyespot pattern of Erebia medusa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) vary along an elevation gradient in the Carpathian Mountains. Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.68624
Supplementary File 2
FIGURE 1 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 1. Map of sampled Heliosperma species in Albania, North Macedonia and Kosovo.
Distribution. Known only from high elevations from Mt Halcon, Mindoro I, Philippines. in Soricidae
Distribution. Known only from high elevations from Mt Halcon, Mindoro I, Philippines.
Distribution. Known only from higher elevations of Mt Mantalingahan, Palawan I, Philippines. in Soricidae
Distribution. Known only from higher elevations of Mt Mantalingahan, Palawan I, Philippines.
Distribution. Widespread in the highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia at elevations of 1500-3200 m. in Muridae
Distribution. Widespread in the highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia at elevations of 1500-3200 m.
Distribution. Mountains of Albertine Rift and East African Rift, at elevations of up to 2600 m. in Muridae
Distribution. Mountains of Albertine Rift and East African Rift, at elevations of up to 2600 m.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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