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Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) inferred from COI sequences (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 2. Fifty per cent majority rule consensus tree resulting from maximum likelihood analysis. Numbers below branches indicate the posterior probabilities of the nodes in the Bayesian inference analysis. Numbers above branches are the bootstrap values of the nodes in the maximum likelihood analysis. The estimated separation time for calibration point (± standard deviations) is also displayed. The geographic distributions of inferred clades are shown on the embedded map.

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Figure 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) inferred from COI sequences (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 5. Canonical discriminant analysis of Mesobuthus eupeus and Mesobuthus caucasicus species based on morphological ratios. Mesobuthus eupeus and M. caucasicus are grouped according to species identification shown in Figure 2:, M. eupeus clade A;, M. eupeus clade B;, M. caucasicus;, group centroid.

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Figure 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) inferred from COI sequences (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 4. Principal component analysis of Mesobuthus eupeus based on morphological ratios. The specimens are plotted with respect to first and second components (see text). Mesobuthus eupeus specimens are encircled within clades according to phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 2:

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Figure 5. Cladogram depicting the phylogenetical relationships among Parotoplana species. 50 in The genera Parotoplana Meixner, 1938 and Parotoplanella Ax, 1956 (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata) in southern Spain

Figure 5. Cladogram depicting the phylogenetical relationships among Parotoplana species. 50% majority rule and, when present, Bremer support values are indicated at nodes. New species in bold.

FIGURE 2 in Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Sri Lankan pigmy shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) and its phylogenetic relationship with S. etruscus

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of cranium; and lateral view of dentary, illustrating measurements taken in this study (see Materials and Methods for explanations of abbreviations).

FIGURE 5 in Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Sri Lankan pigmy shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) and its phylogenetic relationship with S. etruscus

FIGURE 5. Ventral, dorsal and lateral views of the crania and mandibles of, A; Suncus fellowesgordoni (WHT 6818) and B; S. etruscus (WHT 6936). Arrows are pointing to the two denticulations of the incisor.

FIGURE 1 in Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Sri Lankan pigmy shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) and its phylogenetic relationship with S. etruscus

FIGURE 1. Portraits of (A) Suncus fellowesgordoni from Agarapathana (WHT 6818, male, 47.7 mm HBL) and (B) S. etruscus from Anuradhapura (WHT 6936, male, 42.2 mm HBL).

FIGURE 3 in Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Sri Lankan pigmy shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) and its phylogenetic relationship with S. etruscus

FIGURE 3. Phylogram inferred from Bayesian analysis of combined mitochondrial (cytochrome b + 16S) and nuclear (Rag 1) data under model GTR+I+G. Posterior probability and bootstrap values (expressed as percentages) are given above and below branches, respectively.

FIGURE 5. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 5. A—Phymaturus laurenti (MCN 2841). Character 172-0 subdigtal lamellae of fifth toe with smooth surfaces with inconspicuous keels. B—P. antofagastensis FML 1861 (Character 172-1) subdigital lamellae of fifth toe strongly keeled (four to six keels). Scales= 3 mm. C—Corneal surface of parietal eye translucent, P. dorsimaculatus 1569 (character 174-0). Scales= 2 mm. D—Parietal eye with white opaque coloration conspicuous under corneal surface, P. palluma MCN 3131 (character 174- 1). E—Second chinshields widely separated one from the other, P. palluma MCN 3131 (character 177-0). Scales= 5 mm. F— Contact in the midline of second chinshields, P. dorsimaculatusMCN 1569 (character 177-1).

FIGURE 7. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 7. A—Ossified secondary coracoid fenestra, Phymaturus mallimaccii MCN 1484 (character 56-0).Scale= 3 mm. B— Incomplete rings in the distal third of trachea of P. antofagastensis FML 1861-11 (character 37, continuous character). Scale= 1 mm. C—Scleral ossicles of P. patagonicus MCN 1285 (character 183-1). Scale= 1 mm. D—Lower jaw of Phymaturus extrilidus MCN 2666 exhibiting Meckel´s groove opened (character 192-0) and P. indistinctus MCN 686 with dentary enclosing Meckel´s groove. (character 192-1). Scale= 2 mm. E—Absence of a ceratohyal process in P. extrilidus MCN 2665 (character 186-0). F—With a conspicuous ceratohyal process in P. indistinctus MCN 686 (character 186-2).Scales= 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 4. A—Black "eye" in the center of scapular spot in a male of Phymaturus querque (character 140-1). Scale= 10 mm. B—P. excelsus (MCN 1386). Character 164-1 three to seven enlarged scales on the anterior margin of auditive meatus. C— Dorsal view of P. etheridgei´s head (MCN 3110). Character 165-1 enlarged scales on the anterior border of auditory meatus situated perpendicular to temporal scales. D—Posterior supralabials enlarged and projected over oral commissure P. sp.1 MCN 2107(Character 169-1).Scale= 2 mm. E—Internasal region convex, P. antofagastensis MCN 1436 (character 168-0). Scale= 2 mm. F—Internasal region concave, P. etheridgei MCN 3109 (Character 168-1). Scale= 2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 2. Morphological diversity found among species of the lizard genus Phymaturus. A—Main sources of discrete characters (75%) used in this study for analyzing phylogenetic relationships within Phymaturus. B—Frequency distribution of different types of continuous characters. For more detail see text.

FIGURE 8. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 8. A—Unicusped premaxillary teeth in Phymaturus laurenti MCN 318 (character 191-0). B—Tricuspid premaxillary teeth in P. laurenti MCN 321 (character 191-1). Example of a binary polymorphic character. Scales= 0.5 mm. C—Fenestra hipoischial present in P. laurenti MCN 326 (character 196-1). Scale= 3 mm. D—Multiple sternal fenestra, and four sternal ribs in P. antofagastensis FML 2019-13 (characters 195-1 and 204-1). Scale= 3 mm. E—Processus dorsalis of premaxilla projected beyond the level of anterior margins of nasals in P. sp.8 MCN 2817 (character 201-0), Scale= 2 mm. F—Processus dorsalis of premaxilla shorter not reaching that level in P. sp1 MCN 2708 (character 201-1), Scale= 2 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 13. Historical biogeographic hypothesis of palluma and patagonicus groups and subclades based on K3 topology showing the proposed pattern of vicariance processes that gave rise of actual diversity and speciation in Phymaturus.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Phymaturus. Light blue: patagonicus group (17 spp.); orange: palluma group (15 spp. and 9 unnamed populations).

FIGURE 6. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 6. A—Number of dorsal ocelli between hind limbs and shoulders, Phymaturus spectabilis MCN 1207 (character 129-2) and the same character in P. payuniae MCN 2878 (character 129-1). Scale= 10 mm. Color in life of males of three species of P. of the puna subclade: B—P. laurenti; Character 132-1 males with yellow as dorsal background colour; Character 138 scapular spot absent; Character 159-0 vertebral stripe absent; Character 171-1 dorsal melanism of neck incomplete. C—P. sp.8; Character 159-1 vertebral stripe present (light gray); Character 138-1 scapular spot present; Character 171-1 dorsal melanism of neck incomplete; Character 178-1 dorsum and flanks with oxidum ferric coloration. D—P.sp.9. Character 138-0 absence of scapular spot; Character 159-2 vertebral stripe present (dark gray); Character 171-0 dorsal melanism of neck complete. Scales= 20 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 12. Comparison of topologies recovered by Espinoza et al. (2004), Morando (2004) and the one obtained in this study analyzing DNA data only (7 terminals) with our morphological or/and total evidence analysis (same K3 tree- fig. 9).

FIGURE 11 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 11. Alternative hypotheses of relationships within the palluma group found applying different values of constant of weighting K.

FIGURE 9 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)

FIGURE 9. Cladogram obtained applying implied weights' method (concavity constant K value=3). The patagonicus and palluma groups indicated with blue and red branches respectively. Nodes indicated with letters are for apomorphies and topology discussion purposes only.