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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
The effect of urbanization and temperature on thermal tolerance, foraging performance, and competition in cavity dwelling ants
<p>Human disturbance including rapid urbanization and increased temperatures can have profound effects on the ecology of local populations. Eusocial insects, such as ants, have adapted to stressors of increasing temperature and urbanization, however these evolutionary responses are not consistent among populations across geographic space. Here we asked how urbanization and incubation temperature influence critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and various ecologically relevant behaviors in three ant species in urban and rural locations in Worcester, MA, USA. We did this by incubating colonies of three species of cavity dwelling ant (<em>Aphaenogaster picea, Tapinoma sessile, </em>and <em>Temnothorax longispinosus</em>) from 2 habitat types (Rural and Urban), for 60-days at multiple temperatures. We found that incubation temperature, urbanization and species of ant all significantly affected overall colony critical thermal maximum. We also found that recruitment time, colonization time and defense response were significantly affected by incubation temperature and varied between species of ant, while recruitment and colonization time were additionally affected by urbanization. These variable changes in performance and competitive traits across species suggest that responses to urbanization and shifting temperatures are not universal across species. Changes in behavioral responses caused by urbanization may disrupt biodiversity, creating unusual competitive environments as a consequence of natural adaptations and cause both direct and indirect mechanisms for which human disturbance can lead to local species extinction.</p> <p> </p>
Functional traits and size interact to influence growth and carbon sequestration among trees in urban greenspaces
<ol> <li>There is persistent uncertainty about how integrated plant functions, like growth, are mechanistically constrained and practically predicted by functional traits. For trees, these knowledge gaps persist for two reasons: first, studies of 'natural' forests are observational, with highly variable and confounding resource limitation and competition; second, most studies investigate only a few popular traits and ignore context-dependencies in trait-effects on growth (e.g., trait-environment or trait-ontogeny interactions).</li> <li>We assessed 17 traits as predictors of radial growth and aboveground carbon sequestration for 182 trees, including individuals of 42 species common to temperate cities. By focusing exclusively on planted trees growing in isolation, our unique study is a pseudo-experiment that spans a large range of taxonomic and trait variability and minimizes confounding effects of environmental heterogeneity (e.g., shifts in light availability with tree size). Focal traits included not only commonly measured traits related to leaf economics and plant size, but also wood traits and whole-plant phenology.</li> <li>Models with indices of tree ontogeny (size) and traits explained 80% and 72% of variability in relative growth and carbon sequestration, respectively, and traits accounted for ~20% of the variation. Traits related to said tree functions included leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf N content, mature height, wood anatomy, and phenology. LDMC was positively correlated with wood growth and C sequestration across all size classes, while the positive effects of leaf N, mature height, and wood density were only apparent for smaller trees. Ring-porous species had higher rates of growth and C sequestration than diffuse-porous species.</li> <li>Consistent with recent theory, growth rates of isolated, urban trees vary as a function of simple and interactive effects of traits and size. Our findings are useful for optimizing reforestation efforts in temperate cities, where planners and land managers can select species for rapid growth and C sequestration using freely available data for the 'effect' traits we identified, including wood anatomy and density, leaf N, and LDMC. Lastly, the trait-growth relationships we describe here may reflect those of 'naturally' isolated trees growing in savannas and/or woodlands and provide an insightful frame of reference for trees in closed-canopy forests.</li> </ol>
CoUDlabs_WP8_T811_UOS_001. Investigating geometrical effects on hydraulic energy losses during sewer to surface flow interactions during urban floods
<p>This document describes the dataset used in CO UD-labs JRA3 (WP 8) Task 8.1.1. This considers the hydraulic exchange (surcharge) from a piped drainage system to surface flood flow through a manhole. The dataset includes measurements of pressure, flow rate and depth from a physical scale model. The effect of changing the manhole lid properties on flow exchange (surcharge) and pressure in the experimental system is quantified over a range of flow rates. </p>
Urban Project files
<p>These files consist analysis of a project done in the Cape Coast metropolis in Ghana on<br>avian use of some 10 selected forest or habitat patches in the core on the urban area where the probability of<br>green habitats disappearing was extremely high hence of conservation concern. We investigated how habitat<br>patch size, season, distance from refuse, and elevation influenced bird diversity (richness and abundance).<br>We recorded birds seen using the habitats with two point count stations each replicated 4 times, twice in<br>each of the seasons (Dry and Rainy). We described habitat diversity and richness with Shannon-Weiner<br>index.</p>
Urban Heat Islands of Small Settlements
<p>R scripts and data associated with the manuscript "Urban Heat Islands of Small Settlements".<br><br>The .zip-folder contains two subfolders, <em>data </em>and <em>r</em>. All files stored in <em>data </em>are accessed via scripts found in <em>r</em>, thus the explanation of the structure follows only for the R scripts. </p> <p><strong>00_Municipalities</strong>: here the GIS data underlying Figure 1 is processed and general descriptions of the natural landscape of the municipalities are based on analyses in this script.. Since Figure 1 was visualized in QGIS, no script for Figure 1 itself exists.<br><strong>01_Station_Analysis: </strong>here a general analysis of the possible available rural background stations based on historical data was performed. Supplemental Figures 1 and 2 are produced in this script.<br><strong>02_Calibration: </strong>this script entails the analysis around the sensor calibration, producing Figures 3 and 4 of the manuscript. <br><strong>03_Rural_Background: </strong>here, the rural background temperatures for the investigation period are calculated. Other scripts (04_ and 05_) access this script to calculate UHI intensities. Figures 5 of the manuscript and supplemental Figure 3 are produced here.<br><strong>04_Sensor_Analysis:</strong> here, the data of the fixed sensors established in the investigated towns is compiled and analyzed. Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the manuscript and supplemental figures 4, 5 and 6 are produced here.<br><strong>05_Mobile_Transects:</strong> this entails all data and analyses around the mobile transects conducted, both the test run and the "actual" run in Forchheim. Here the GIS data underlying Figure 2 is processed and Figures 9, 11 and 12 are produced as well as supplemental figure 7. <br><br>Figures 1, 2 and 10 of the manuscript were produced in QGIS. </p>
Capturing urban heterogeneity enhances tropical cyclones simulation in Houston (dataset)
<p>WRF simulation output for the paper titled "Capturing urban heterogeneity enhances tropical cyclones simulation in Houston". </p>
Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric environmental and meteorological field in the urban street canyon——dataset
<p>Here are the datasets related to the article, "Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric environmental and meteorological field in the urban street canyon". The datasets contain two part:</p> <ol> <li>The observation data and the analysis processing scripts (Folder observation).</li> <li>The data used for figures (Folder Fig_data).</li> </ol> <p>The CFD simulation configuration files can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10841653.</p>
Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric environmental and meteorological field in the urban street canyon——CFD configuration
<p>This dataset is about the configuration files for simulations conducted in OpenFOAM-v8 in multiple scenarios, categorized into the "wd" folder for simulating the wind field and the "conc" folder for the concentration field.</p>
Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area
<p>The zip file contains:</p> <ul> <li>All datasets used for the data analysis of the updated version of the preprint titled: "Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area" that can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.11.552922.</li> <li>The R markdown showing the analysis used for this study.</li> <li>The HDML file of the R markdown above.</li> </ul>
Seasonal and spatial variation of paraben concentrations in urban coastal waters from freshwater lagoons to the open ocean of Brazil
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Population in the urban centre of Nicosia, according to the Censuses of 2011*
<p>Population in the urban centre of Nicosia, according to the Censuses of 2011*</p> <p> </p> <p>*<em>This project has received funding from the Research and Promotion Foundation's, RESTART <<Excellence Hubs (Bridge Programmes)>> and Pillar IV-Bridge Programmes, RIF Proposal No: EXCELLENCE/0421/0566.</em></p>
Monument Building in the urban centre of Nicosia, 1960-2020
<p>Monument Building in the urban centre of Nicosia, 1960-2020.</p> <div> <p><em>This project has received funding from the Research and Promotion Foundation's, RESTART <<Excellence Hubs (Bridge Programmes)>> and Pillar IV-Bridge Programmes, RIF Proposal No: EXCELLENCE/0421/0566.</em></p> <p> </p> </div> <h2>Files</h2>
UAS Trajectory Model Dynamics at different flight heights: An In-depth Analysis of PPK Georeferencing Results for an Urban Area
<p>In-depth analysis of the PPK georeferencing results when using three different Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations and one local base station.</p>
Fig. 2 in Remarks on Hymenoptera on urban green roofs in Belgium
Fig. 2. Green roof RPBER (Recycling park Berchem), Berchem, Belgium, with Sedum album. © Jeffrey Jacobs.
A Hierarchical Model of Accelerating Factors to Promote Urban Renewal and Reconstruction of Unsafe and Old Buildings
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Popek, R., Roy, A., Mandal, M., et al. (2024) Enhancing Urban Sustainability: How Spatial and Height Var-iability of Roadside Plants Improves Pollution Capture for Greener Cities - DATA
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Figure 4 in Assessing pollinator richness on urban-grown mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) populations
Figure 4. Categorisation of taxa found on Pycnanthemum spp. (a) Percentages of each group on P. tenuifolium and P. muticum throughout the monitoring period (P. tenuifolium n = 44; P. muticum n = 89). (b) Weekly percentages of each group on P. tenuifolium (Week 1 n = 23; Week 2 n = 30; Week 3 n = 27). (c) Weekly percentages of each group on P. muticum (Week 1 n = 32; Week 2 n = 33; Week 3 n = 36; Week 4 n = 32; Week 5 n = 44; Week 6 n = 34; Week 7 n = 42).
Figure 3 in Assessing pollinator richness on urban-grown mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) populations
Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot showing the ordination of the flower visitor communities associated with different plant species over time (PT is Pycnanthemum tenuifolium and PM is P. muticum). The NMDS analysis was performed on the presence–absence data of pollinator species collected weekly. Each cross marker represents a species. The first two axes (NMDS1 and NMDS2) are displayed, which explain the majority of the variation in the data. Polygons represent the grouping of flower visitor communities by plant species.
Figure 2 in Assessing pollinator richness on urban-grown mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) populations
Figure 2. Species accumulation curves for Pycnanthemum muticum (PM) and P. tenuifolium (PT) indicating the cumulative number of species detected over the sampling effort.
Figure 1 in Assessing pollinator richness on urban-grown mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) populations
Figure 1. Location of the 10 monitoring sites in the greater Richmond, Virginia (USA), region, and which plants were observed.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.