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NOVA: Rendering Virtual Worlds with Humans for Computer Vision Tasks
<p>Today, the cutting edge of computer vision research greatly depends on the availability of large datasets, which are critical for effectively training and testing new methods. Manually annotating visual data, however, is not only a labor-intensive process but also prone to errors. In this study, we present NOVA, a versatile framework to create realistic-looking 3D rendered worlds containing procedurally generated humans with rich pixel-level ground truth annotations. NOVA can simulate various environmental factors such as weather conditions or different times of day, and bring an exceptionally diverse set of humans to life, each having a distinct body shape, gender and age. To demonstrate NOVA's capabilities, we generate two synthetic datasets for person tracking. The first one includes 108 sequences, each with different levels of difficulty like tracking in crowded scenes or at nighttime and aims for testing the limits of current state-of-the-art trackers. A second dataset of 97 sequences with normal weather conditions is used to show how our synthetic sequences can be utilized to train and boost the performance of deep-learning based trackers. Our results indicate that the synthetic data generated by NOVA represents a good proxy of the real-world and can be exploited for computer vision tasks.</p>
Computational and experimental insights into the chemosensory navigation of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae
<p>Mosquitoes are prolific disease vectors that affect public health around the world. Although many studies have investigated search strategies used by host-seeking adult mosquitoes, little is known about larval search behavior. Larval behavior affects adult body size and fecundity, and thus the capacity of individual mosquitoes to find hosts and transmit disease. Understanding vector survival at all life stages is crucial for improving disease control. In this study we use experimental and computational methods to investigate the chemical ecology and search behavior of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito larvae. We first show that larvae do not respond to several olfactory cues used by adult <em>Ae. aegypti</em> to assess larval habitat quality, but perceive microbial RNA as a potent foraging attractant. Second, we demonstrate that <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae use chemokinesis, an unusual search strategy, to navigate chemical gradients. Finally, we use computational modeling to demonstrate that larvae respond to starvation pressure by optimizing exploration behavior - possibly critical for exploiting limited larval habitat types. Our results identify key characteristics of foraging behavior in an important disease vector mosquito. In addition to implications for better understanding and control of disease vectors, this work establishes mosquito larvae as a tractable model for chemosensory behavior and navigation.</p>
Figure 1 from: Samyn Y, Sonet G, d'Acoz C (2021) Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
Figure 1 Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral–lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal–lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral–lateral view of a non-dissected specimen ESEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle FSEM view of the 2-pillared tables from the introvert GSEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip HSEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the dorsal body wall ISEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the ventral body wall JSEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet KSEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet LSEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A–D); 50 μm (E–L).
Figure 2 from: Samyn Y, Sonet G, d'Acoz C (2021) Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
Figure 2 Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A–D).
Figure 1 in The skull of the rare Malaysian snake Anomochilus leonardi Smith, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography
Figure 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Anomochilus leonardi (FRIM 0026) based on HRXCT data. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view with lower jaw digitally removed; D, anterior view; and E, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm. See key for abbreviations.
Fig. 9 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 9. Pectoral girdle of left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL; pectoral fin rays digitally removed). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: pt+scl = posttemporal + supracleithrum; cl = cleithrum; co = coracoid; sc = scapula; mco = mesocoracoid; and ra = radials.
Fig. 43. Character 2 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 43. Character 2 (morphology of the caudalmost portion of the maxilloturbinal) optimized on the Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 2.0, the caudal maxilloturbinal is simple in morphology and is attached to the nasal cavity wall or floor. For character state 2.1, the caudalmost portion of maxilloturbinal becomes an enclosed tube that tapirs into a cone that is unattached to the nasal cavity. States for this character are illustrated in figure 38.
Fig. 41 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 41. Coronal CT images showing differences in the morphology of the ventralmost ectoturbinal (char. 20). (A) ventralmost ectoturbinal bifurcates (char. 20.0), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517); (B) ventralmost ectoturbinal does not bifurcate (char. 20.1), Dendrolagus lumholtzi, C280 (AMNH 65254). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 37 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 37. Digital rendering of the isolated right maxilloturbinal from Phascolarctos cinereus (TMM M- 2946) shown in (A) lateral, (B) rostral, (C) medial, and (D) caudal views. Labels indicate caudal and rostral ends of the maxilloturbinal for the lateral and medial views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Fig. 44. Character 16 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 44. Character 16 (presence or absence of rostral portion of endoturbinal I) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 16.0, the rostral portion of endoturbinal I is present. For character state 16.1, the rostral portion is absent. States for this character are illustrated in figure 39.
Fig. 46. Character 11 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 46. Character 11 (presence or absence of an uncinate process of nasoturbinal) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. Character state 11.0 is the presence of an uncinate process; 11.1 is the absence of the uncinate process. States for this character are illustrated in figure 14. Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Fig. 32 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 32. Coronal CT images showing caudalmost attachment of the maxilloturbinal (char. 3). (A) maxilloturbinal attaches to the floor of the nasal cavity (char. 3.0), Phalanger orientalis, C201 (AMNH 157211); (B) maxilloturbinal attaches to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (char. 3.1), Macrotis lagotis, C370 (AMNH 74486). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 10 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 10. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the ossified rostral nasoturbinal (char. 6). (A) rostral nasoturbinal is well developed as a slender ventromedial directed process (char. 6.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C160 (TMM M-6921), scale bar equals 5 mm; (B) rostral nasoturbinal is a small, robust bony process with a ventromedial inflection (char. 6.1), Dromiciops gliroides, C136 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 17 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 17. Coronal CT slice through the nasal cavity of Didelphis virginiana, C432 (TMM M-2517) showing two different terminology schemes for naming ectoturbinals and endoturbinals. Left side of figure is labeled with terminology following Allen (1882), which is used in this paper. Right side of figure is labeled using terminology of Paulli (1900a). Scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal.
Simulating Static and Dynamic Properties of Magnetic Molecules with Prototype Quantum Computers. Open data set
<p>Data supporting the original figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the related publication.</p>
Figure 1 from: Michalik P, Piacentini L, Lipke E, Ramirez M (2013) The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030
Figure 1 - Distribution map of Progradungula otwayensis in the Great Otway National Park, Victoria (Australia). Red marks indicate localities for the present study; black circles indicate localities given by Milledge (1997).
Figure 4 from: Michalik P, Piacentini L, Lipke E, Ramirez M (2013) The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030
Figure 4 - Female genitalia. A Lateral view of the dome-shaped genital area (compare also to Fig. 3A) (MACN-Ar 30667) B Sagital section through genital area obtained by micro-CT (MACN-Ar 30667) C Posterior view of genital area (MACN-Ar 30667). Spermathecae in anterior (D) and ventral view (E) (ZIMG II/28128). Abbreviation: B bursa; EF epigastric furrow; GP genital pockets; Gl glands; PF postepigastric fold; Sp spermathecae; Ue uterus externus.
Figure 3 from: Michalik P, Piacentini L, Lipke E, Ramirez M (2013) The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030
Figure 3 - Somatic characters of the female of Progradungula otwayensis. A Lateral view of prosoma and opisthosoma (ZIMG II/28128) B Dorsal view of prosoma (MV) C Ventral view of Prosoma (MV) D Frontal view of ocular area (ZIMG II/28128) E Ventral view of opisthosoma F Tarsus of leg I G Tarsus of leg IV H Calamistrum. I Ventral view of spinnerets. Scale bar in F–H is 500 µm.
Figure 2 from: Michalik P, Piacentini L, Lipke E, Ramirez M (2013) The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030
Figure 2 - A Habitat with supporting web (blue arrow) and sturdy thread (red arrows) connecting with the retreat in the hollow of a Nothofagus cunninghamii tree B Catching ladder in front of a hollow in a large tree fern C Immature male of Progradungula otwayensis holding the catching ladder.
Figure 5 from: Michalik P, Piacentini L, Lipke E, Ramirez M (2013) The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ. ZooKeys 335: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030
Figure 5 - Right male palp of Progradungula otwayensis (ZIMG II/28127). A Prolateral view; the arrow marks the section plane of Fig. 5B B Section of the volume rendered male palp C Surface model of the spermophor superimposed on the volume rendering of the male palp (prolateral, ventral and retrolateral views). The cymbium, subtegulum and tegulum are partly removed in the prolateral view to show tendons, muscles and hematodochae. The arrow points to the opening of the embolus. Abbreviation: Cb cymbium; E embolus; m29 muscle 29; m30 muscle 30; mA median apophysis; mH median hematodocha; PE process of embolus; S spermophor; St subtegulum; Te tegulum; tm29 tendon of muscle 29; tm30 tendon of muscle 30.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.