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Figure 10 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 10. Arenopsaltria fullo, waveform plot of calling song from Mullaloo Beach, Perth, Western Australia. (A) general view of continuous buzzing song clearly exhibiting division into discrete macrosyllables; (B) time expanded view showing more detail of the macrosyllable structures, each comprised of five pairs of double syllables; (C) higher resolution view of a single macrosyllable showing more detail of the five double syllables. Field recording, unfiltered.

Figure 6 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 6. Arenopsaltria nubivena, waveform plots of calling songs from 19 km east-southeast of Windorah, southwest Queensland. (A) song segment with three dominant syllables in each macrosyllable, the hollow arrows marking the macrosyllable limits; (B) time expanded segment of three macrosyllables each with six dominant syllables, the limits of each marked by the arrows; (C) end segment of an extended buzzing element showing macrosyllables (limits marked by arrows) with three syllables, but with the third syllable having a strong reduction in amplitude; following the buzz element, separated by 17 ms, is a macrosyllable comprising three syllables, the third syllable also strongly reduced in amplitude. Field recordings, filtered to 4 kHz.

Figures 26–37 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 26–37. Hypandria of Drosophila ananassae complex species. Drosophila ananassae (26) 1.5 km NW Taipivai, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands; (27) Belvédère 250 m, fruit bait, Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Drosophila ananassae or D. pallidosa (28) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji; (29) Apia, Samoa. Drosophila pallidosa (30) det. by?Wheeler, Pago Pago, ... [continued on facing page]

Figure 2 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 2. New distribution records for Arenopsaltria nubivena. Filled arrows indicate locations of audio recordings. The generalized distribution of A. nubivena in South Australia and northwestern Victoria, shown by the heavy circled line, is from Moulds (1990, 2012), and marks the known distribution prior to this work. The dotted lines are roads. The dashed lines are State boundaries. The dot-dash line shows the approximate boundary of the ecoregion which defines the dominance of deserts and xeric shrublands within inland Australia (National Reserve System map, published by Australian Government). The filled arrows mark the locations of the audio recordings of A. nubivena illustrated in this paper. The hollow arrows show the locations of the audio recordings of A. fullo and A. pygmaea. The general locations of the major dunefields and other relevant areas noted in the text are labelled.

Figures 38–53 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 38–53. Epandria of Drosophila ananassae complex species. Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (38) Lake Placid type strain CAQ408, lateral view; (39) type strain CAQ408, caudal view; (40) Lake Placid strain CAR274; (41) Lake Placid strain CAQ425. Drosophila ananassae (42) Beach Lane, Mauritius, Oct. 2012, J. Tann. Drosophila?ananassae (43) Kuranda, northern Queensland, AMS K275429; (44) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji, AMS K275290; (45) Iron Range, fruit bait, 30.iv.1976, I.R. Bock, [possibly pinned on this date from a strain collected with P.A. Parsons in November 1975—there is no evidence that Bock returned to Iron Range in 1976], AMS K119308 (det. Drosophila ananassae by Bock in 1976). Drosophila pandora sp.nov.: (46) D. "papuensis-like" Kyorin University stock k-aat001, Townsville, Queensland. Drosophila pallidosa: (47) det. by?Wheeler, Pago Pago, American Samoa, Drosophila Species Stock Center (San Diego), stock 14024-0433.01. Drosophila ananassae or D. pallidosa (48) Sigatoka, 35 km S Nadi, Fiji, June 2004, Schug, Gray-Smith, Kilon-Attwood, McEvey, AMS K282851. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. (49) Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, paratype AMS K282923. Drosophila anomalata sp.nov. (50–52) ex type strain, Schiffer CHC221. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. (53) Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, AMS K356977. Localities—see Fig. 1 and Appendix 1; all specimens in Australian Museum.

Figures 72–77 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 72–77. Male fore-leg and sex comb of tarsomere I (metatarsus) and II of Drosophila anomalata sp.nov. ex type strain CHC221, nr Deeragun, 16 km W of Townsville. Legs from five males; (73–74) left and right legs from one male [(74) image flipped].

Figures 86–88 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 86–88. Drosophila schugi sp.nov. holotype AMS K282922. Dorsal, lateral and anterolateral views of the head and face.

Figure 4 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 4. Arenopsaltria nubivena (Walker), male holotype, body length 21.4 mm, held in the British Museum of Natural History.

Figures 14–25 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 14–25. Hypandria of Drosophila pandora sp.nov. and D. ananassae. Drosophila pandora sp.nov. (14–15) Holmes Jungle, Darwin, Northern Territory; (16) Tabubil 750 m, Western Province, Papua New Guinea; (17) Wanigela, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea; (18) Bertie Creek pump, near Heathlands Homestead, northern Queensland; (19–20) Gordon Creek nr Cooks Hut, Iron Range, northern Queensland; (21) Thursday Island, Torres Strait, northern Queensland.Drosophila ananassae (22) Beach Lane, Mauritius; (23) Christmas Island, Indian Ocean nr Java; (24) Wé, Loyalty Islands; (25) Ubud, Bali, Indonesia. Localities mapped in Fig. 1; all specimens in Australian Museum.

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Fig. 2 in Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia. Part 1. Genera Branchiosyllis, Eurysyllis, Karroonsyllis, Parasphaerosyllis, Plakosyllis, Rhopalosyllis, Tetrapalpia n.gen., and Xenosyllis

Fig. 2. SEM of Branchiosyllis baringabooreen n.sp.: (A), anterior end, dorsal view; (B), midbody dorsal cirri; (C–E), midbody and posterior chaetae. SEM of Branchiosyllis cirropunctata (Michel, 1909): (F), anterior end, dorsal view. A–E: AM W29247, F: AM W30093.

Figure 9 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 9. Comparative plots of amplitude spectra of: (A) Arenopsaltria pygmaea from 14 km northeast of Jurien Bay, Western Australia; (B) Arenopsaltria fullo, from Mullaloo Beach, north of Perth, Western Australia; (C–F) Arenopsaltria nubivena, from, respectively; 5.6 km west of Windorah, southwest Queensland; 72 km south of Cooper Creek crossing, Birdsville Track, Strzelecki Desert, South Australia; 105 km east southeast of Yulara, southern Northern Territory; and 18 km east of Eneabba, Western Australia, respectively. Note the weak extensions in all the plots to frequencies higher than the defined dominant frequency. The horizontal bars define the high amplitude frequency envelope of each spectrum, used to estimate the dominant frequency and the nominal bandwidth of each song. Each spectrum shown only between 3 to 16 kHz.

Figure 1 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figure 1. Distribution of 11 of the 12 Drosophila ananassae complex species, the authors have collected at red dot localities or examined specimens collected by others from red circle localities; these data are complete for the Australian Region and incomplete for the Oriental Region. Drosophila lachaisei Tsacas, 1984 from Africa is not shown. The Drosophila pandora sp.nov. type locality is Lake Placid near Cairns (see inset); the D. anomalata sp.nov. type locality is Deeragun near Townsville. Drosophila ananassae s.str. is pantropical within the pale blue lines, the Ambon type locality is shown; D. ananassae extends as far south as Corindi in Australia, it is absent in Sydney and New Zealand. Three or more additional, but undescribed species, occur in New Guinea (and perhaps also in northern Australia), these are not shown. Islands of Torres Strait: (1) Mabuiag, (2) Moa, (3) Thursday, and (4) Mount Adolphus; and localities on Cape York Peninsula: (5) Bamaga, (6) Bertie Creek and Heathlands homestead, (7) Doublemouth and Gunshot Creeks, (8) Gordon Creek, (9) Iron Range (nr airstrip), and (10) upper Peach Creek (McIlwraith Range) are indicated (see inset). Geospatial coordinates of all localities are given in Appendix 1.

Figs 11–15 in Signal Flies of the Genus Duomyia (Diptera: Platystomatidae) in the Northern Territory, Australia

Figs 11–15. (11) Duomyia grahami, female, right wing. (12) D. grahami, holotype male, part of left hind leg. (13) D. tricurva, holotype male, part of right hind leg. (14) D. bucina, male, Florence Falls, part of left hind leg. (15) D. recta, holotype male, part of right hind leg.

Figures 82–85 in New Species in the Drosophila ananassae Subgroup from Northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with Historical Overview

Figures 82–85. Hypandria of Drosophila schugi sp.nov. four males collected with holotype at Malalololei, Upolu, Samoa, 14–17 June 2003, Schug, Gray-Smith, Kilon-Attwood, McEvey; AMS K356976 (82), AMS K356977 (83), AMS K356978 (84), AMS K356979 (85).

Figs 9, 10 in Signal Flies of the Genus Duomyia (Diptera: Platystomatidae) in the Northern Territory, Australia

Figs 9, 10. (9) Duomyia eremia, holotype, aedeagus. (10) D. sericea, Lawn Hill National Park, aedeagus. al, amber lobe (paired); b, bulb; g,

Figure 1. Arenopsaltria nubivena, 5.6 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 1. Arenopsaltria nubivena, 5.6 km west of Windorah, southwest Queeensland. (A) fore and hind wings; (B) lateral abdomen view; (C) left timbal, posterior margin at right, dorsal edge at top; (D) left opercula; (E, F) male pygofer and genitalia—E, lateral view; F, ventral view. Terminology for the opercula follows de Boer (1999; note that the crest is described fully by that author as "crest around distolateral corner of basal part of operculum"). Terminology for timbals: LR1 to LR4, long ribs 1 to 4; SR, short (intercalary) ribs; TP, timbal plate. Terminology for pygofer: aed, aedeagus; as, anal styles; at, anal tube; bl, basal lobe of pygofer; bp, basal plate; db, dorsal beak; ds, distal shoulder; md, median lobe of uncus; sl, subapical lobe of uncus. Length of pygofer 3.8 mm. Scale bars 1 mm, except wings (5 mm).

Figure 3 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 3. Arenopsaltria nubivena (Walker); (A) male, Queensland Museum reference QMT196193, body length 22.6 mm; (B) female, QMT196194, body length 21.7 mm. Both specimens from Pulchera Waterhole, Mulligan River, Ethabuka Reserve, southwest Queensland.

Figs 35–37 in Signal Flies of the Genus Duomyia (Diptera: Platystomatidae) in the Northern Territory, Australia

Figs 35–37. (35) Duomyia collessi, Magela Creek, aedeagus; scale = 0.5 mm. (36) D. collessi, prosternal region. (37) D. rugula, prosternal region. bs, basisternum; cx, fore coxa; gb, propleural gibbosity; pb, precoxal bridge; ps, presternum; ss, subcoxal sclerite.

Figs 6–8 in Signal Flies of the Genus Duomyia (Diptera: Platystomatidae) in the Northern Territory, Australia

Figs 6–8. (6) Duomyia nodosa, part of left hind leg of male, anterior view. (7) D. tomentosa, same part. (8) D. rapida, holotype, right wing.

Figure 8 in Arenopsaltria nubivena (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini) from the Arid Regions of Central Australia and Southwest Western Australia

Figure 8. Arenopsaltria nubivena, higher resolution waveform and accompanying amplitude spectra plots of complete macrosyllables and segments of adjacent macrosyllables. The two recordings are of the calling songs, from 5.6 km west of Windorah, southwest Queensland. The macrosyllables each have six dominant syllables. A and C are waveform plots showing the high amplitude dominant syllables (labelled DS in A), these separated by smaller secondary syllables (labelled SS in A). Between these syllables are mostly low amplitude background pulses, possibly reverberation induced. The results of measurements on the carrier wave pulses are shown above the waveforms, showing the limits and calculated frequency (in kHz) within each of the short song segments, these mostly corresponding to the syllables and background pulses. B and D are the respective amplitude spectra of each of the two waveforms shown in A and C. The numbers adjacent to the selected spectral peaks are kHz. The measured frequency ranges (horizontal lines) and weighted mean frequency (downward pointing arrows), which are derived from the waveform plots, are shown. Song recordings filtered to 1 kHz.