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10,950 results for “hosting”
Predation, functional response and demographic parameters of Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) on Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera:Aphididae): effect of host plant morphological attributes
<p>Plant attributes like leaf hairiness and trichome compactness diversely affect the biocontrol agents of phytophagous insect pests. In the current study, effect of physical plant features on life table characteristics and functional response of <em>Orius albidipennis </em>(Rueter) females feeding on <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>(Rondani) was investigated on two common wheat cultivars (Falat and Pishtaz) differing in leaf morphological features. The trichome density of wheat cultivars considerably influenced a broad spectrum of attributes related to the performance of <em>O. albidipennis</em>. The intrinsic rate of increase (<em>rm</em>) was significantly greater on Falat (0.09±0.006) than on Pishtaz (0.06±0.008) cultivar. Similarly, the net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase were greater on Falat (16.72±3.38 and 1.083±7.54) than on Pishtaz (8.08±2.04 and 1.067±9.49). Although <em>Orius </em>predators exhibited type III of functional response on both wheat cultivars, they had lesser searching efficiencies and higher handling times on Pishtaz than those on Falat cultivar. Moreover, the maximum attack rate (<em>T</em>/<em>Th</em>) was greater on Falat than on Pishtaz. Lesser maximum predation and greater handling time of the <em>Orius </em>predators on Pishtaz cultivar might be imputed to the significantly more condensed surface trichomes of its leaves than that of Falat leaves, which physically prevented movement of the <em>Orius </em>bugs and decreased prey encounter rate. Moreover, increase of trichome density negatively influenced on foraging behavior of the predatory bug. Females were also found to prefer wheat leaves with fewer trichomes as oviposition hosts. It seems that trichomes provided hinderance to the <em>orius </em>bug. To recapitulate, it could be stated that the efficiency of <em>O. albidipennis </em>in controlling <em>S. graminum </em>on wheat may be more beneficial in cultivars with lower trichome density.</p>
Data from: Host conservatism, geography, and elevation in the evolution of a Neotropical moth radiation
The origins of evolutionary radiations are often traced to the colonization of novel adaptive zones, including unoccupied habitats or unutilized resources. For herbivorous insects, the predominant mechanism of diversification is typically assumed to be a shift onto a novel lineage of host plants. However, other drivers of diversification are important in shaping evolutionary history, especially for groups residing in regions with complex geological histories. We evaluated the contributions of shifts in host plant clade, bioregion, and elevation to diversification in Eois (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a hyper-diverse genus of moths found throughout the Neotropics. Relationships among 107 taxa were reconstructed using one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. In addition, we used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to generate 4,641 SNPs for 137 taxa. Both data sets yielded similar phylogenetic histories, with relationships structured by host plant clade, bioregion, and elevation. While diversification of basal lineages often coincided with host clade shifts, more recent speciation events were more typically associated with shifts across bioregions or elevational gradients. Overall, patterns of diversification in Eois are consistent with the perspective that shifts across multiple adaptive zones synergistically drive diversification in hyper-diverse lineages.
Nonaggressive behavior: A strategy employed by an obligate nest invader to avoid conflict with its host species
<p>In addition to its builders, termite nests are known to house a variety of secondary opportunistic termite species so‐called inquilines, but little is known about the mechanisms governing the maintenance of these symbioses. In a single nest, host and inquiline colonies are likely to engage in conflict due to nestmate discrimination, and an intriguing question is how both species cope with each other in the long term. Evasive behaviour has been suggested as one of the mechanisms reducing the frequency of host‐inquiline encounters, yet, the confinement imposed by the nests' physical boundaries suggests that cohabiting species would eventually come across each other. Under these circumstances, it is plausible that inquilines would be required to behave accordingly to secure their housing. Here, we show that once inevitably exposed to hosts individuals, inquilines exhibit nonthreatening behaviours, displaying hence a less threatening profile and preventing conflict escalation with their hosts. By exploring the behavioural dynamics of the encounter between both cohabitants, we find empirical evidence for a lack of aggressiveness by inquilines towards their hosts. Such a nonaggressive behaviour, somewhat uncommon among termites, is characterised by evasive manoeuvres that include reversing direction, bypassing and a defensive mechanism using defecation to repel the host. The behavioural adaptations we describe may play an important role in the stability of cohabitations between host and inquiline termite species: by preventing conflict escalation, inquilines may improve considerably their chances of establishing a stable cohabitation with their hosts.</p>
Fitness costs for fig wasps that fail to pollinate their host Ficus perforata
<p>Dataset for the publication "Fitness costs for fig wasps that fail to pollinate their host Ficus perforata", Symbiosis (2021) 84:171-178; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00781-5.</p>
Figure 2 in Notes on distribution and hosts of Hylesinus mexicanus (Wood) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest on Olea europaea Linnaeus
Figure 2. Hylesinus mexicanus (Wood), a) dorsal view, b) lateral view, c) ventral view.
Temperature stress induces mites to help their carrion beetle hosts by eliminating rival blowflies
<p>Ecological conditions are known to change the expression of mutualisms though the causal agents driving such changes remain poorly understood. Here we show that temperature stress modulates the harm threatened by a common enemy, and thereby induces a phoretic mite to become a protective mutualist. Our experiments focus on the interactions between the burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>, an associated mite species <i>Poecilochirus carabi</i> and their common enemy, blowflies, when all three species reproduce on the same small vertebrate carrion. We show that mites compete with beetle larvae for food in the absence of blowflies, and reduce beetle reproductive success. However, when blowflies breed on the carrion too, mites enhance beetle reproductive success by eating blowfly eggs. High densities of mites are especially effective at promoting beetle reproductive success at higher and lower natural ranges in temperature, when blowfly larvae are more potent rivals for the limited resources on the carcass.</p>
Phenotypic plasticity in chemical defence allows butterflies to diversify host use strategies
<p>Hostplant specialization is a major force driving ecological niche partitioning and diversification in insect herbivores. The cyanogenic defences of Passiflora plants keeps most herbivores at bay, but not larvae of Heliconius butterflies, which can both sequester and biosynthesize cyanogenic compounds. Here, we demonstrate that both Heliconius cydno chioneus, a host plant generalist, and H. melpomene rosina, a specialist, have remarkable plasticity in their chemical defence. When feeding on Passiflora species with cyanogenic compounds they can readily sequester, both species downregulate the biosynthesis of these compounds. In contrast, when fed on Passiflora plants that do not contain cyanogenic glucosides that can be sequestered, both species increase biosynthesis. This biochemical plasticity comes at a significant fitness cost for specialist like H. m. rosina, as growth rates for this species negatively correlate with biosynthesis levels, but not for a generalist like H. c. chioneus. In exchange, H. m rosina has increased performance when sequestration is possible as on its specialised hostplant. In summary, phenotypic plasticity in biochemical responses to different host plants offers these butterflies the ability to widen their range of potential host within the Passiflora genus, while maintaining their chemical defences.</p>
wild_expression: gene expression data on wildlife hosts of emerging infectious diseases
<p>Publicly accessible data and code supporting the manuscript:</p> <p>"Host gene expression in wildlife disease: making sense of species-level responses"</p>
Figure 3 in New host record for the enigmatic Neotropical mantidfly genus Anchieta Navás, 1909 (Neuroptera, Mantispidae), a mimic of wasps and stingless bees
Figure 3. Anchieta sp. nov. and Ptilotrigona lurida (Smith, 1854) next to each other. The former with the abdomen inflated following the dried up condition (A and B).
Figure 2 in New host record for the enigmatic Neotropical mantidfly genus Anchieta Navás, 1909 (Neuroptera, Mantispidae), a mimic of wasps and stingless bees
Figure 2. The third Anchieta sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), a male, to emerge from the nest of Montezumia dimidiata (Hymenoptera:Vespidae) (A). The empty cocoons from Anchieta sp. nov. (B). The last, and fifth, Anchieta sp. nov. to emerge, a male. This demonstrates that the pharate specimen is active and moving as a pupa (C). The specimen is removing the exuvia from the prepupa. Notice that the wings are still soft and bent (C and D). The same specimen is now waiting for the wings to strengthen few minutes after having shred the exuvia (F). The same specimen with hardened wing. Notice that the wing did not display perfectly (G).
Figure 1 in New host record for the enigmatic Neotropical mantidfly genus Anchieta Navás, 1909 (Neuroptera, Mantispidae), a mimic of wasps and stingless bees
Figure 1. The potter wasp nest with the possible founding female Montezumia dimidiata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), from which five specimens of Anchieta sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) were reared out (A). The M. dimidiata nest with a single open cell, with turret, shortly after the collection (B). The nest with three exposed cells (one damaged), including the left cell contained five pupae of Anchieta sp. nov. at different developmental stages. Five days later the specimen in the upper cocoon emerged (C). The first Anchieta sp. nov. (female) to emerge (D). The cell now contains four live pupae of Anchieta sp. nov. at different developmental stages (E).
Figure 10 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 10. Stethoncus sulcator ♀, head, anterior view.
Figure 11 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 11. Stethoncus sulcator ♀, mesoscutum, dorsal view.
Figure 9 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 9. Stethoncus monopicida ♀, mesoscutum, dorsal view.
Figure 8 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 8. Stethoncus monopicida ♀, head, anterior view.
Figure 12 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 12. Synosis caesiellae ♀, head, anterior view.
Figure 1 in The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species
Figure 1. Propodeum of Synosis parenthesellae ", with carinae and areas marked.
Figure 2 in The life cycle of Diploproctodaeum arothroni Bray and Nahhas, 1998 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), with a comment on the parasitic castration of its molluscan intermediate host
Figure 2. Fully gravid worm of Diploproctodaeum arothroni Bray and Nahhas, 1998. Scale bar: 500 Mm.
Figure 1 in Geographical distributions and host associations of larval parasitoids of frugivorous Drosophilidae in Japan
Figure 1. Collection localities.
Figure 3 in Mycophagous Drosophilidae (Diptera) guild and their hosts in the Brazilian Amazon
Figure 3. Examples of fungal species recorded for Caxiuanã National Forest Reserve: (A) Favolus tenuiculus, (B) Ganoderma australe, (C) Rigidoporus lineatus and (D) Marasmiellus sp. 4.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.