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Fig. 3 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 3. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) female genitalia, lateral view; (B) female genitalia, caudal view; (C) female genitalia, ventral view; (D) female gonapophyses 8, ventral view. e, ectoproct; gx, gonocoxite; gp, gonapophysis; gst, gonostylus; T, tergum. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 2. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) male genitalia, dorsal view; (B) male genitalia, ventral view; (C) male gonocoxites and gonostyli 11, dorsal view; (D) male gonocoxites and gonostyli 11, ventral view. c, callus cercus; e, ectoproct; gx, gonocoxite; gst, gonostylus; T, tergum; S, sternum. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 4. Live specimen and habitat of Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) paratype female adult, dorsal view. Photo by Yu-Chun Lin; (B) habitat of R. taiwanense in Beidelaman Trail, Hsinchu.

Fig. 1 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 1. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) holotype male, habitus photo; (B) paratype female, habitus photo; (C) head, frontal view, holotype male; (D) head, frontal view, paratype female. Scale bars: A–B = 5.0 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 4. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A-B: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 44 (A) and 64 (B); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.

Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 3. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A: Tree of the Leptodactylus fuscus group showing a consensus reconstruction of historical biogeography by vicariance inference. Green squares show disjunction; red empty squares show the nodes ignored by the program. B–D: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 71 (B), 68 (C) and 55 (D); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.

Fig. 1 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 1. Leptodactylus fuscus group species distribution area. Biogeographical subregions and provinces proposed by Morrone (2006) are shown in different colors. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion; F: Mexican transition zone region; G: South American transition zone region.

Fig. 2 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 2. Ancestral areas of Leptodactylus fuscus group. Nodes show the most probable state. The letters and coarse colored circles indicate the ancestral areas of each node. Green, blue and yellow thin circles show vicariance, dispersions and extinctions events, respectively. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion.

Fig. 5 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).

Fig. 5. Bayesian estimates of divergence times in scleractinians. The basal axis is a geologic time scale in units of million years ago (mya). Different time intervals are labeled with abbreviations (Cam, Cambrian; Ord, Ordovician; Sil, Silurian; Dev, Devonian; Car, Carboniferous; Per, Permian; Tri, Triassic; Jur, Jurassic; Cre, Cretaceous; Pal, Paleogene; Neo, Neogene). The chart below the phylogenetic tree gives the extinction rate (solid line) and origination rate (dashed line) in different geological periods, which were modified from Kiessling (2004) with major extinction events labeled with abbreviations (Rhae, Rhaetian; Plie, Pliensbachian; Kimm, Kimmeridgian; Ceno, Cenomanian; Maa, Maastrichtian, KT-extinction). Species with different types of intron are labeled with symbols: ●, Intron-729 (I729); ▲, Intron-893 (I893); ■, Intron-876 (I876).

Fig. 4 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).

Fig. 4. Comparison of phylogenetic trees between the cox1 exon (left side) and intron (right side) in complex corals and corallimorpharians (A) and in sponges and robust corals (B). Tree topologies presenting the phylogenetic relationships of exons and introns were consensus trees between the maximum-likelihood analysis and Bayesian algorism. Numbers on branches are Shimedaira- Hasegawa-like/posterior probabilities. Dashed lines are potential changes in phylogenetic positions between the exon and intron trees.

Fig. 3 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).

Fig. 3. Phylogeny and characteristics of cox1 intron traits in hexacorals. The tree topology was constructed with Mrbayes. Numbers labeled on branches are Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like support/posterior probabilities. Species with different types of introns are labeled with symbols: ●, Intron-729 (I729); ▲, Intron-893 (I893); ■, Intron-876 (I876).

Fig. 1 in Loss and Gain of Group I Introns in the Mitochondrial Gene of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).

Fig. 1. Secondary structures of representative cox1 introns in anthozoans. A: Corallimorpharian (Rhodactis howesii); B: basal and complex corals (Gardeneris hawaiinesis); C: robust corals (Diploastrea heliopora); D: actiniarian (Metridinium senile); E: poriferian (Plakortis angulospiculatus); F: zoantharian (Savalia savaglia). Features of the secondary structure indicate the characteristics of group I introns: 10 helical elements P1~P10; consensus primary structures P, Q, R, and S in hollow letters; internal guide sequence, IGS. Initial and terminal sites of the predicted open reading frame are labeled "ORF start" and "ORF stop", respectively.

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Fig. 2. Fresh specimen photos for West Indian Ocean II Group type A in Fig. 4 in Responses of Phyllostomid Bats to Traditional Agriculture in Neotropical Montane Forests of Southern Mexico.

Fig. 2. Fresh specimen photos for West Indian Ocean II Group type A (WIO IIA) and West Indian Ocean II Group type B (WIO IIB), and western Arabian type (WA), and the posterior part of the soft dorsal fin. Scale bar = 5 cm.

Fig. 14 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 14. Bayesian inference tree of the Asian Eisenia species using COI1 sequenes. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities.

Fig. 13 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 13. Maximum Likelihood tree of the Asian Eisenia species using COI1 sequenes. Numbers above branches indicate ML bootstrap support.

Fig. 12 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 12. Eisenia sp. setal arrangement. aa = distance between the ventral setal lines, ab = distance between the ventrolateral setal lines, cd = distance between the dorsolateral setal lines, dd = distance between the dorsal setal lines.

Fig. 11 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 11. Eisenia lagodechiensis (Michaelsen, 1910) setal arrangement. aa = distance between the ventral setal lines, ab = distance between the ventrolateral setal lines, cd = distance between the dorsolateral setal lines, dd = distance between the dorsal setal lines.

Fig. 10 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 10. Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi (Eisen, 1879) setal arrangement. aa = distance between the ventral setal lines, ab = distance between the ventrolateral setal lines, cd = distance between the dorsolateral setal lines, dd = distance between the dorsal setal lines.

Fig. 8 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 8. Eisenia nordenskioldi cf. pallida Malevic, 1956; setal arrangement of the Korean specimens. aa = distance between the ventral setal lines, ab = distance between the ventrolateral setal lines, cd = distance between the dorsolateral setal lines, dd = distance between the dorsal setal lines.

Fig. 3 in New data to the earthworm fauna of the Korean Peninsula with redescription of Eisenia koreana (Zicsi) and remarks on the Eisenia nordenskioldi species group (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

Fig. 3. Eisenia koreana (Zicsi, 1972) setal arrangement. aa = distance between the ventral setal lines, ab = distance between the ventrolateral setal lines, cd = distance between the dorsolateral setal lines, dd = distance between the dorsal setal lines.