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Figure 13 in The Late Cenozoic Passerine Avifauna from Rackham's Roost Site, Riversleigh, Australia

Figure 13. Proximal left ulnae of (A–C) a fossil petroicid gen. et sp. indet. and (D–F) Petroica phoenicea AM O.60008. (A,D) cranial view, (B,E) caudal view, (C,F) ventral view. Some characteristic features of Petroicidae highlighted: 1, cotyla ventralis shallow; 2, proc. cotyla dorsalis square and its proximal edge is located distally of that of cotyla ventralis by a distance greater than one-third the length of the latter; 3, depression situated ventrally of the impressio m. scapulotricipitis; 4, protuberance for attachment of the trochlea humeroulnaris projects beyond the caudal edge of the olecranon. Scale = 2 mm.

Figure 17 in The Late Cenozoic Passerine Avifauna from Rackham's Roost Site, Riversleigh, Australia

Figure 17. Carpometacarpi of (A–D) fossil Acrocephalus sp. compared with the corresponding element of (E–F) A. australis AM O.58015. (A–B) QM F57902, left carpometacarpus. (C–D) QM F30356, right carpometacarpus. Some characteristic features of Acrocephalus shown: 1, depression for origin of M. flexor digiti minoris deep, terminates distally of proc. pisiformis; 2, ventral fossa on distal end of os metacarpale minus large and deep; 3, fovea carpalis caudalis small and deep; 4, proc. intermetacarpalis moderately short and does not protrude beyond caudal edge of os metacarpale minus; 5, proc. dentiformis long, low and situated well distally of midpoint of os metacarpale minus. Scale = 2 mm.

Figure 15 in The Late Cenozoic Passerine Avifauna from Rackham's Roost Site, Riversleigh, Australia

Figure 15. Comparison of (A–B, D–E, G) fossil bones of Megalurus sp. with those of (C,F,H) extant M. mathewsi AM O.59292. (A,D) QM F30820, right carpometacarpus. (B,E) QM F30852, right carpometacarpus. (G) QM F57941 distal left tibiotarsus. Some distinguishing features of Megalurus labelled: 1, cranial extent of proc. extensorius far greater than that of proc. alularis; 2, depression for attachment of M. flexor digiti minoris terminates distally of proximal edge of proc. pisiformis; 3, proc. dentiformis situated distally of midpoint of os metacarpale majus; 4, proc. cranialis long; 5, sulcus interosseus shallow; 6, distal edge of tuberositas retinaculi extensoris medialis at about level with bony ridges for retinaculum m. fibularis; 7, bony ridges for attachment of the retinaculum m. fibularis long and prominent flanges; 8, tuberositas retinaculi extensori lateralis occupies most of lateral half of pons supratendineus and does not protrude beyond its proximal edge; 9, condylus lateralis wider than condylus medialis; 10, incisura intercondylaris wide and its distal profile asymmetrical. Scale = 2 mm.

Figure 1 in The Late Cenozoic Passerine Avifauna from Rackham's Roost Site, Riversleigh, Australia

Figure 1. Distal left tibiotarsi of (A) fossil malurid gen. et sp. indet. QM F30361 and (B) Stipiturus malachurus AM O.68207 in cranial aspect. Some characteristic features of Maluridae shown: 1, sulcus extensorius very shallow and displaced laterally of the medio-lateral midpoint of the shaft; 2, tuberositas retinaculi extensori lateralis situated on proximo-lateral part of pons supratendineus; 3, condylus lateralis greater in width and in proximal extent than condylus medialis. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Figure 11 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 11. The extant Australian herbaceous lycopsid Lycopodium, photographed in the Cathedral Rocks National Park, New South Wales. (a) Plant growth habit; (b) plant with fertile organs on distal extremities of branches. Scale bars 10 cm.

Figure 10. A in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 10. A possible taphonomic process experienced by the Griffith specimen. (a) A section of trunk periderm dislodged and carried down a fast flowing stream; (b) the periderm stranded on a coarse sandbank and buried; (c) the sand compacted into rock, entrapping the resinous, long-lasting periderm, which eventually rotted and leached away, leaving an impressed void; (d) the rock eroded; (e) the impression of the outer surface of the periderm exposed on the bedrock surface; (f) bedrock broke down into gravel and loose rocks deposited in scree, one of which contained the impression.

Figure 9. Various generic leaf cushion morphologies. L in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 9. Various generic leaf cushion morphologies. L, ligule scar; p, parichnos scar; VB, vascular bundle scar. (a) Lepidodendron sp. from Scotland (AM F.17751); (b) Lepidodendron (after Taylor & Taylor, 1993); (c) Lepidodendron aculeatum before secondary expansion (after Thomas, 1970); (d) L. aculeatum after secondary expansion (after Thomas, 1970); (e) Lepidophloios (after Taylor & Taylor, 1993); (f) Leptophloem australe; and (g) Sigillaria.

Figure 7 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 7. Map showing eastern Australian geological features. (a) Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous shallow marine and continental outcrops in eastern Australia showing positions of sites of described specimens (source of geological data: Day et al., [1983], Scheibner [1998]). (b) Geological structure in Griffith locality showing the quarry site—Durg, Devonian pebbly sandstone with thin conglomerate bands, sandstone and lithic sandstone; Duc, Devonian Cocopara Group sediments mixed with residual deposits; Qrd, Quaternary deposits (source of geological data: Geological Survey of New South Wales map Narrandera 1:250,000 edn. 2, 1977).

Figure 5 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 5. Australian Late Devonian lycopsid specimens. Original taxonomic identifications are used. (a) AM F.68472, cast of holotype Lepidodendron (Bergeria) tetragonum Sternberg var. australe McCoy, 1874 from the Avon River, Victoria; (b) AM F.106082,Lepidodendron sp. from Cowra, NSW, showing distal extremity with microphyll leaves; (c) AM F.46924, Leptophloem australe compression from Hattons Corner, NSW; (d) AM F.6485, Leptophloem australe from Goonoo Goonoo, NSW, showing vascular scars; (e) AM F.38375, Leptophloem australe from Barraba, NSW, showing vascular scars; (f) AM F.14899, Leptophloem australe from Bingara, NSW; (g) AM F.58480, Lepidosigillaria yalwalensis from Bunga Head, NSW; (h) AM F.68538, Lepidodendron nothum from Drummond Ranges, Queensland (Tenison-Woods, 1883); (i) AM F.49870, Lepidodendron volkmannianum from Yetholme, NSW, showing imbricating effect. All scale bars 20 mm.

Figure 4 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 4. Possible juxtaposition of a Griffith specimen impression pattern with a typical lycopsid leaf cushion specimen (AM F.60491, Lepidodendron undulatum from Belgium). (Scale of the Griffith specimen is greater than that of AM F.60491).

Figure 2 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 2. AM F.124805, the Griffith specimen (a) the compacted impression; (b) closeup showing the step at the junction of grooves; and (c) closeup showing the structure that crosses the tapering peaks of the impression. All scale bars 30 mm.

Figure 8 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 8. Growth habits of arborescent lycopsids: (a) Lepidodendron reconstruction (after D. A. Eggert, as cited in Taylor, Taylor & Krings, 2014); (b) Lepidophlois; (c) Diaphorodendron; (d) Sigillaria (b, c, d after Phillips & DiMichele, 1992).

Figure 3 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 3. Process of digital reconstruction. (a) Step 1, the specimen was photographed from multiple angles; (b) step 2, a three dimensional image of the specimen surface was constructed; (c) step 3, the three dimensional surface was rotated through 180°, revealing the impressing object surfaces; (d) step 4, the unimpressed surfaces were removed, leaving only an image of the impressing object surfaces; (e) step 5, sections of the image were copied and matched to other sections of the repetitive image, creating a repetitive grid; (f, g, h) the final image was rotated through various angles to aid identification. See also 360-degree video (McLean, 2017).

Figure 6 in A "Mystery Fossil" is Evidence for Massive Devonian Trees in Australia

Figure 6. Australian Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous lycopsid specimens. Original taxonomic identifications are used. (a) AM F.35636, Lepidodendron volkmannianum from Goonoo Goonoo, NSW (Kidston, 1889: fig. 1); (b) AM F.68489, decorticated Lepidodendron veltheimianum Sternberg from the Drummond Ranges, Queensland (Tenison-Woods, 1883); (c) AM F.49639,Lepidodendron veltheimianum Sternberg from the Upper Hunter Valley, NSW; (d) AM F.77988, Stigmaria sp. from Glenbawn Dam, NSW, showing rootlet scars; (e) AM F.2, Leptophloem australe from Cowra, NSW; (f) AM F.63707, Lepidodendron sp. from Stroud, NSW, showing vascular scars; (g) AM F.57266, Lepidodendron volkmannianum from Stroud, NSW; (h) AM F.63741,Lepidosigillaria yalwalensis from Bunga Head, NSW. All scale bars 20mm.

Fig. 15. A–H in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 15. A–H, Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982). (A), M element, CPC39902, WCB705/243, posterior view (IY129-033). B–D, Sa element; B,C, CPC39903, WCB705/243, (B), upper-posterior view (IY118-006), (C), upper-anterior view (IY118-007); (D), CPC39904, WCB705/243, upper view showing the cross section of the cusp (IY118-004). E–G, Sb element, E,G, CPC39905, WCB705/133, (E), basal-posterior view (IY117-041), (G), posterior view (IY117-039). (F), CPC39906, WCB705/243, basal view (IY118-015). (H), Pb element, CPC39907, WCB705/243, antero-inner lateral view (IY118-008). I–K, Triangulodus bifidus Zhen in Zhen et al., 2006. Sd element, CPC39908, WCB705/133, (I), basal view (IY116-056), (J,K), posterolateral views (IY116-058, IY116-057). L–T, Semiacontiodus sp. cf. S. cornuformis (Sergeeva, 1963). L,M, Sa element, CPC39909, WCB705/133, (L), posterior view (IY126-027); (M), posterolateral view (IY126-028). N,O, Sb element; (N), CPC39910, 161–166 m, inner lateral view (IY132-012); (O), CPC39911, 161–166 m, outer lateral view (IY132-014). P–T, Sc element; P–R, CPC39912, 161–166 m, (P), inner lateral view (IY132-016); (Q), basal view (IY132-018); (R), outer lateral view (IY132-017). S,T, CPC39913, WCB705/133, (S), inner lateral view (IY127-018); (T), close up showing fine striae (IY127-019). Scale bars 100 µm unless otherwise indicated.

Fig. 14 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 14. Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. All from the Honghuayuan Formation in Guizhou. (A), Sb element, AM F.135050, THH7, basal-posterior view, showing fine growth laminar preserved on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the cusp (IY119-022). (B), Sc element, AM F.135825 (same specimen as Fig. 13K,L), THH12, close up showing growth laminar along the posterobasal margin (IY134-037). (C), Sc element, AM F.135816 (same specimen as Fig. 12G, H), THH9, closing up showing fine growth laminar on the posterior face (IY134-049). D,E, Sa element, AM F.135048, THH7, (D), close up showing fine growth laminar on the posterior face (IY119-006), (E), close up showing the small ring-like node representing the initial stage of the element (IY119-012). Scale bars 10 µm.

Fig. 13 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 13. Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. All from the Honghuayuan Formation in Guizhou. Showing size variation; A–E,G,I,K and M are magnified equally. (A), Sb element, AM F.135818, AFI983A, anterior view, bearing six laminar layers (IY133-046). (B), Sb element, AM F.135819, THH10, anterior view, bearing six laminar layers (IY133-038). C,M, Sc element, AM F.135820, YTH5, (C), anterior view, bearing eight laminar layers (IY133-024), (M), posterior view (IY134-019). (D), Sa element, AM F.135821, AFI986, upper-anterior view, bearing eight laminar layers (IY133-050). E,F, Sc element, AM F.135822, YTH4, (E), anterior view, bearing 10 laminar layers (IY133-021), (F), close up showing denticles along anterior margin of each laminar layer (IY133-022). …[continued on facing page]

Fig. 12 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 12. Serratognathus diversus An, 1981. All from the Honghuayuan Formation in Guizhou. A–C, Sa element; (A), AM F.135048, THH7, anterobasal view (IY119-004); (B), AM F.135044, THH7, lateral view (IY119-002); (C), AM F.135047, THH10, posterior view (IY119-040). (D), Sb element, AM F.135049, THH7, outer lateral view (IY119014); E–H, broken specimens showing overlapping laminar layers on the surface of breakage. E,F, Sb element, AM F.135815, THH7, (E), postro-lateral view (IY133-035), (F), upper view (IY133-037); G,H, Sc element, AM F.135816, THH9, (G), inner lateral view (IY133-040), (H), close up showing the surface of breakage (IY133-041); (I), Sc element, AM F.135817, YTH10, showing the partition between laminar layers and the fine laminar structure within each laminar layer (IY133-033). Scale bars 100 µm unless otherwise indicated.

Fig. 11. Serratognathus bilobatus Lee, 1970 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 11. Serratognathus bilobatus Lee, 1970. (A), Sa element, CPC39898, 161–166 m, anterior view (IY116-041). B–F, Sb element; B–E, CPC39899, WCB705/133, (B), posterior view (IY116-002), (C), outer lateral view (IY116-006), (D), upper view showing the tip of the cusp (IY116-012), (E), upper view (IY116-011); (F), CPC39900, WCB705/133, anterior view (IY116-028). G–L, Sc element, CPC39901, WCB705/133, (G), posterior view (IY116-013), L, upper view (IY116-023), (H), basal-posterior view (IY116018), (I), posterior view of the cusp (IY116-014), (J), posterior view, close up showing fine striae (IY116-015), (K), basal view showing ring-like basal node (IY116-022). Scale bars 100 µm unless otherwise indicated.

Fig. 10. A–K in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Fig. 10. A–K, Scolopodus houlianzhaiensis An & Xu in An et al., 1983. All from sample 161–166 m. A–D, Sa element; A,B, CPC39880, (A), posterior view (IY130-011), (B), lateral view (IY130-010); C,D, CPC39881, (C), basal view (IY130-009), (D), lateral view (IY130-007). E–G, Sb element, CPC39882, (E), posterior view (IY130-017), (F), inner lateral view (IY130-016), (G), outer lateral view (IY130-018). H–K, Sc element; H,I, CPC39883, (H), posterior view (IY129-028), (I), inner lateral view (IY129-029); J,K, CPC39884, (J), outer lateral view (IY130-019), (K), inner lateral view (IY130-021). L–R, Lissoepikodus nudus Nicoll & Ethington, 2004. L,M, Sa element, CPC39885, WCB705/133, (L), upper view (IY127-002); (M), posterior view (IY127-003). N,O, Pb element; (N), CPC39886, WCB705/133, outer lateral view (IY127-014); (O), CPC39887, WCB705/133, outer lateral view showing weaker costa (IY127-006). P,Q, Sb element; (P), CPC39888, WCB705/243, basal view (IY118-016); (Q), CPC39889, WCB705/133, inner lateral view (IY126-034). (R), Sd element, CPC39890, WCB705/133, basal-inner lateral view (IY126-033). S–U, Nasusgnathus dolonus (An, 1981). All from sample WCB705/133. S,T, Sd element; (S), CPC39891, inner lateral view (IY127-008); (T), CPC39892, outer lateral view (IY127-007). (U), Sb element, CPC39893, WCB705/133, outer lateral view (IY127-005). (V),?Protoprioniodus simplicissimus McTavish, 1973. Sb element, CPC39894, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY129-035). (W), gen. et sp. indet. B. Sa element, CPC39895, WCB705/133, posterior view (IY126-036). (X), Paltodus sp. M element, CPC39896, WCB705/133, posterior view (IY126-014). (Y), gen. et sp. indet. A. Symmetrical stout element, CPC39897, WCB705/133, lateral view (IY127-034). Scale bars 100 µm unless otherwise indicated.