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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
Figure 4 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 4 Curve of dominance and diversity of the amphibians from: A Machay Reserve and B Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve.
Figure 13 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 13 Hyloscirtus sp. nov. Left. Female (DHMECN 14416)-Right. Male (DHMECN 14549). A, B Frontal view C, D Lateral view. Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 12 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 12 Centrolene buckleyi complex, frontal and lateral views (DH-MECN 16217). Photographs Juan Pablo Reyes Puig.
Figure 11 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 11 Osornophryne simpsoni, male A, B Frontal view of the head C dorsal view and D view of the flanks. (DHMECN 14412). Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz
Figure 21 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 21 Pristimantis eriphus complex. Female (DHMECN 14437). A lateral view B frontal view, male (DHMECN 14436) C lateral view. Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 1 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 1 Ecosystems of the Machay Reserve and the Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve A, B point NVR 2 C, D point NVR 3 E, F point REM 1 G, H point REM 3. Photographs by Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig.
Figure 38 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 38 Precipitation in Ecuador. The indicated study area is approximately the area mapped in detail in Fig. 9.
Figure 37 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 37 Pristimantis burtoniorumA lateral view female paratype (DHMECN 14477) B frontal view, male paratype (DHMECN 14480) C groin view, female paratype (DHMECN 14482) D dorsal view of Holotype (DHMECN14479). Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 19 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 19 Pristimantis tungurahua, Females A lateral view (DHMECN 14428) B lateral view C frontal view (DHMECN 14427) D dorsal view (DHMECN 14428). Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 7 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 7 Anuran reproductive strategies within Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve and Machay Reserve. Types of reproductive strategies I.-A Eggs hatch in exotropic tadpoles that are carried to lentic water. Eggs and feeding tadpoles in lentic water I.-B Eggs hatch in exotropic tadpoles that are taken to lotic waters. Eggs and feeding tadpoles in lotic water II.-A Eggs with direct development, completely formed hatched frogs II.-B Eggs imbedded in dorsum of aquatic female; eggs hatch into froglets III.-A Ovoviviparous; nutrition is provided by the yolk.
Figure 29 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 29 Pristimantis sp. D. Female (DHMECN 14466). A lateral view B frontal view C dorsal view D ventral view. Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 9 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 9 Beta diversity of the anuran communities in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed. Above: Similarity diagram. Below: Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard analysis for the six studied localities in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed.
Figure 34 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 34 Pristimantis maryanneae, live photographs of Paratypes A lateral view and B dorsal view (DHMECN 14452) C lateral view and D dorsal view (DHMECN 14451). Photographs by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 23 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 23 Prisitmantis sp. aff. eriphus. Lateral view of male (DHMECN 14443) Photograph by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 24 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 24 Prisitmantis sp. aff. bicantus. Lateral view (DHMECN 14444). Photograph by Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz.
Figure 33 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 33 Live photograps of new species and comparison with similar Pristimantis frogs in the region APristimantis burtoniorum sp. nov. (DHMECN 16220 from Machay Reserve Cerro Mayordomo.) BP. maryanneae sp. nov. (DHMECN 14454 from Naturetrek Vizcaya Reserve) CP. prolatus (DHMECN 16244 from El Encanto) DP. albujai (DHMECN 12245 from Sardinayacu river) EP. tungurahua (DHMECN 15224 from Naturetrek Vizcaya Reserve) FP. puruscafeum (not collected from Cerro Candelaria Reserve) GP. sacharuna (DHMECN 16723 from Rio Zuñag Reserve) HP. ventrimarmoratus not collected from Río Zuñag Reserve IPristimantis sp (DHMECN 16250 from El Encanto) . Photographs Juan Pablo Reyes Puig, Mario Yánez Muñoz, Jorge Brito and Lou Jost.
Figure 6 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 6 Trend between the snout-vent length (SVL) and elevation in collected adult amphibian females from the Machay Reserve and Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve.
Figure 27 from: Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Franco-Mena D, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH (2022) Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
Figure 27 Pristimantis sp. B. A frontal view B dorsal view C lateral view (DHMECN 14457) D ventral view (DHMECN 14458). Photographs by Lou Jost.
Figure 1 in Agnara cavernicola, the second troglophilic terrestrial isopod species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran
Figure 1. Agnara cavernicola sp. nov., female, paratype. Dorsal view of habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Supporting Data for: Assessing the potential of amino acid δ13C and δ15N analysis in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
<p>Understanding the structure and dynamics of food webs requires accurate estimates of energy flow among organisms. Bulk tissue carbon (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (<em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N) isotope analysis is often used to this end, however, the limitations of this technique can outweigh the benefits. The isotope analysis of individual amino acids is being increasingly employed to trace energy flow and estimate consumer trophic level. Central to this compound-specific approach are the concepts of essential amino acid (AA<sub>ESS</sub>) <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C fingerprinting and amino acid (AA) <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N beta-values, both of which have been understudied and are poorly constrained in terrestrial and freshwater producers.</p> <p>We present AA<sub>ESS</sub> <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C data for 112 terrestrial and freshwater producers collected from two aridland habitats in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (New Mexico, USA) and AA <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N data for a subset (n=28) of these samples. We characterized AA<sub>ESS</sub> <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C fingerprints by performing linear discriminant analysis on the <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine for four producer groups – C<sub>3</sub> plants, C<sub>4</sub> plants, CAM plants, and filamentous green algae. We explored potential biochemical mechanisms underlying these AA<sub>ESS</sub> <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C fingerprints by calculating differences between the <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values of AA<sub>ESS</sub> products and their AA precursors. This allowed us to estimate and compare isotopic discrimination for specific AA<sub>ESS</sub> synthesis pathways across producer groups.</p> <p>We found near perfect separation of AA<sub>ESS</sub> <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C fingerprints among producer groups; all groups reclassified with >95% success within our multivariate framework. We also found varied isotopic discrimination for specific AA<sub>ESS</sub> synthesis pathways among producer groups. Contrary to previous studies, we found no differences in beta-values between terrestrial C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> plants for any trophic-source AA pairing. Furthermore, we found that Lys <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values were less variable and more closely related to bulk tissue <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values than Phe <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values in terrestrial and freshwater producers.</p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>We conclude that AA<sub>ESS</sub> <em>δ</em></span></span></span></span></span><sup>13</sup><span><span><span><span><span>C fingerprints are a higher-resolution tracer for freshwater food webs where instream algae have overlapping bulk tissue <em>δ</em></span></span></span></span></span><sup>13</sup><span><span><span><span><span>C values with terrestrial C<sub>3</sub> plants. Additionally, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>beta</span></span></span></span></span><sub>Glx-Lys</sub><span><span><span><span><span> and </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>beta</span></span></span></span></span><sub>Pro-Lys</sub><span><span><span><span><span> are the best for AA <em>δ</em></span></span></span></span></span><sup>15</sup><span><span><span><span><span>N-based consumer trophic level estimates in freshwater food webs containing both terrestrial and aquatic resources.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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