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3,583 results for “elevations”
Figure 1 from: Streinzer M, Chakravorty J, Neumayer J, Megu K, Narah J, Schmitt T, Bharti H, Spaethe J, Brockmann A (2019) Species composition and elevational distribution of bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus Latreille) in the East Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India. ZooKeys 851: 71-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.851.32956
Figure 1 Sampling locations A Mainland India (light grey) showing the geographic location of Arunachal Pradesh (red) in the northeast region (NER, dark grey). Outlines denote Indian state borders. B Sampling locations within the state of Arunachal Pradesh for three major and a few minor field trips between 2015 and 2017. The locations are projected from GPS data to a SRTM elevation data set. The colour scale refers to elevation and does not reflect vegetation zone. Scale in B represents 100 km.
Figures 3-6 from: Sublett CA, Cook JL, Janovec JP (2019) Species richness and community composition of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along an elevational gradient in southeastern Peru. Zoologia 36: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32938
Figures 3-6 Regression analysis across the entire gradient for average temperature with (3) estimated species richness, (4) Fisher's alpha, and regression analysis at the three highest elevations for average temperature with (5) estimated species richness, and (6) Fisher's alpha. (3) r2 = 0.5518, p = 0.150; (4) r2 = 0.7264, p = 0.067; (5) r2 = 0.9391, p = 0.159; (6) r2 = 0.7364, p = 0.343.
Figures 8-9 from: Sublett CA, Cook JL, Janovec JP (2019) Species richness and community composition of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along an elevational gradient in southeastern Peru. Zoologia 36: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32938
Figures 8-9 Contribution of sphingid subfamilies to (8) species richness and (9) total abundance. Blue bars = Macroglossinae; orange bars = Sphinginae; grey bars = Smerinthinae. Contributions of each subfamily are similar among sites, and contributions of any particular subfamily to richness and abundance are similar within a site.
Figure 7 from: Sublett CA, Cook JL, Janovec JP (2019) Species richness and community composition of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along an elevational gradient in southeastern Peru. Zoologia 36: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32938
Figure 7 Breakpoint regression analysis for (log)elevation with estimated species richness. Vitobamba (800 m), which was the break point, is included in both graphs. The characteristic mid-elevation unimodal richness pattern can be seen with the increase in species richness with elevation up to Vitobamba (r2 = 0.953, p = 0.139), and the decrease in species richness with elevation above Vitobamba (r2 = 0.999, p = 0.003).
Figure 2 from: Sublett CA, Cook JL, Janovec JP (2019) Species richness and community composition of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along an elevational gradient in southeastern Peru. Zoologia 36: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32938
Figure 2 The relationship between elevation and species richness. There is a clear low-elevation skewed unimodal pattern, which peaks around 800 m.
Dataset used in "Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques"
<p>Dataset for research paper "Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) observations of water surface elevation in a small stream: comparison of radar altimetry, LIDAR and photogrammetry techniques", published in Remote Sensing of Environment 2019, Elsevier Journal.</p> <p>Dataset includes:</p> <p>-MATLAB_codes.rar: zip file that contains MATLAB codes. MAIN.m is the main code, it refers to external functions that are included in the zip file. MAIN.m plots the figures of the paper in which we compare radar, LIDAR and photogrammetry and computes statistics of table 3 (table of the paper)</p> <p>-zip file WL_observations_Aomose.zip contains LIDAR, radar, and photogrammetry observations to be loaded by MATLAB code MAIN.m</p> <p>-the LIDAR Digital Surface Model (DSM_final.tif) retrieved in the stream Amose Å</p> <p>-the photogrammetry Digital Elevation Model (DEM_nov.tif) and orthomosaic (orthomosaic_nov.tif) </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?
Fig. 1. Frequency of the number of parasite types. Frequency of the number of parasite types detected per Alpine mountain hare faeces in percent (n = 52) in Vorarlberg (Austria) during the years 2014 and 2015 within an altitudinal range of 1551–2073 m a.s.l.
Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Supply Boost N Use Efficiency and Wheat Growth, and Differentiate Soil Microbial Communities Related to Ammonia-oxidization
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Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Supply Boost N Use Efficiency and Wheat Growth, and Differentiate Soil Microbial Communities Related to Ammonia-oxidization
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Topographic and Bathymetric Map of Pelabuhanratu - LWS Elevation Reference
<p>This is topographic and bathymetric map of Pelabuhanratu, Indonesia, in DWG format</p>
Warming, elevated CO2 and drought in combination amplify shifts in canopy greenness dynamics in managed grassland
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Assessing the elevational synchronization in vegetation phenology across Northern Hemisphere mountain ecosystems under global warming
<p>The data and code supporting the results in this paper is provided.</p>
Code to support 'Optimal elevations for afforestation and reforestation to enhance biomass carbon accumulation in the tropics'
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Heat hardening improves thermal tolerance in abalone, without the trade-offs associated with exposure to chronic elevated temperature
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Data from: The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants
Studies on elevation gradients in Panama and Costa Rica have shown that leaf-litter ants exhibit a mid-elevation peak in diversity. This diversity pattern has been observed in other groups and regions, but uncertainty remains as to just how pervasive it is and what might explain it. Here we examine the robustness of the mid-elevation peak in ant diversity across the entire Middle American corridor, from Veracruz, Mexico, to Costa Rica. We sampled 56 sites distributed throughout Middle America. All were in closed-canopy evergreen wet forest, spanning 11° latitude, from near sea level to 2600 m elevation. Ants were extracted from 100 litter samples from each site and identified to genus or species. Model selection was performed on richness and diversity variables to test if ant diversity best fits a linear model or one allowing for a mid-elevation peak. Linear models were also used to examine the relationships among diversity measures and temperature, precipitation, and seasonality. Species richness measures and diversity indices that incorporate relative abundance show a similar relationship to elevation throughout the region: a truncated bell curve with a mode near 400 m. A cubic relationship is statistically favored over quadratic or linear. Temperature is a significant correlate with diversity, but does not predict a bell-curve. Precipitation and precipitation seasonality fail to explain much of the variability, and no combination of environmental variables predicts a bell curve. Potential causes of the truncated bell curve include lowland biotic attrition, mid-point attractors, and ecotonal transitions from lowland to montane communities. Analysis of 17 subclades within ants mostly showed the same truncated curve but six clades were anomalous. Distinctive behavioral or historical features potentially explain their patterns.
Data from: Evidence for locally adaptive metabolic rates among ant populations along an elevation gradient
1. As global temperatures rise, the mechanistic links between temperature, physiology and behavior will increasingly define predictions of ecological change. However, for many taxa, we currently lack consensus about how thermal performance traits vary within and across populations, and whether and how locally adaptive trait plasticity can buffer warming effects. 2. The metabolic cold adaptation hypothesis posits that cold environments (e.g. high elevations and latitudes) select for high metabolic rates (MR), even after controlling for body size differences, and that this enables high activity levels when an organism is near its cold lower thermal limits. Steep MR reaction norms are further predicted at cold temperatures to enable rapid behavioral activation with rising temperatures needed to exploit brief thermal windows suitable for performing eco-evolutionary tasks. 3. We tested these predictions by performing common garden experiments comparing thermal reaction norms of MR (from 15°C to 32°C) and behavior (from 10°C to 40°C) across populations of the ant Aphaenogaster iberica sampled from a 2 km elevation gradient in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of southern Spain. 4. As predicted, high-elevation ants had higher MR and steeper MR-temperature reaction norms. However, higher rates of energy use did not yield the predicted benefits of steeper activity-level reaction norms. 5. The evidence for locally adaptive metabolic physiology only became apparent at intermediate temperatures, highlighting the importance of testing thermal performance hypotheses across thermal gradients, rather than focusing only on performance at thermal limits (i.e. critical thermal values) 6. The partial support for the metabolic cold adaptation hypothesis highlights that while organisms likely show a wealth of unexplored metabolic temperature plasticity, the physiological mechanisms and eco-evolutionary tradeoffs underlying such local adaptation remain obscure.
Data from: Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences
Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon-based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) were subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect-free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24-hour feeding efficiency assay. eCO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) sugarcane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C:N to increase by 12%. Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed). Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below-ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon-based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon-based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugarcane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.
Data from: Elevated salinity blocks pathogen transmission and improves host survival for a globally pandemic disease: implications for amphibian translocations
1. Emerging infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Chytridiomycosis in amphibians is perhaps the most extreme example of this phenomenon known to science. Translocations are increasingly used to fight disease-induced extinctions. However, many programs fail because disease is still present or subsequently establishes in the translocation environment. There is a need for studies in real-world scenarios to test whether environmental manipulation could improve survival in populations by generating unfavourable environmental conditions for pathogens. Reintroductions of amphibians impacted by chytridiomycosis into environments where the disease persists provide a scenario where this paradigm can be tested. 2. We tested the hypothesis that manipulating environmental salinity in outdoor mesocosms under near identical environmental conditions applying in a nearby translocation program for an endangered amphibian, would improve survival and determine the mechanisms involved. 160 infected and 288 uninfected, captive-bred, juvenile frogs were released into 16 outdoor mesocosms in which salinity was controlled (high or low salinity treatment). The experiment was run for 25 weeks from the mid-austral winter to the mid-austral summer of 2013 in a temperate coastal environment, Australia. 3. Increasing salinity from ca. 0.5 ppt to 3.5 - 4.5 ppt reduced pathogen transmission between infected and uninfected animals, resulting in significantly reduced mortality in elevated salt mesocosms (0.13, high salt versus 0.23, low salt survival at 23 weeks). Increasing water temperature associated with season (from mean 13oC to 25oC) eventually cleared all surviving animals of the pathogen. 4. Synthesis and applications. We identified a mechanism by which environmental salinity can protect amphibian hosts from chytridomycosis by reducing disease transmission rates and conclude that manipulating environmental salinity in landscapes where chytrid-affected amphibians are currently translocated could improve the probability of population persistence for hundreds of species. More broadly, we provide support for the paradigm that environmental manipulation can be used to mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases.18-Sep-2017
Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
<p class="western"><span>Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations' resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (<i>Abies alba </i>Mill.<i>)</i> population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east-west isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with the post-glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (<i>F</i><sub>CT</sub>=0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (<i>F</i><sub>SC</sub>=0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modeling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post-glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non-spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.</span></p>
Environmental predictors of breeding phenology differ with elevation in a common mountain bird species
<p>Temperatures in mountain areas are increasing at a higher rate than the Northern Hemisphere land average, but how fauna may respond, in particular in terms of phenology, remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess how elevation could modify the relationships between climate variability (air temperature, snow melt-out date), the timing of plant phenology and egg-laying date of the coal tit (<i>Periparus ater</i>). We collected 9 years (2011-2019) of data on egg-laying date, spring air temperature, snow melt-out date and larch budburst date at two elevations (~1300m and ~1900m asl) on a slope located in the Mont-Blanc Massif in the French Alps. We found that at low elevation, larch budburst date had a direct influence on egg-laying date, while at high altitude snow melt-out date was the limiting factor. At both elevations, air temperature had only an indirect effect on egg-laying date. Our results shed light on proximate drivers of breeding phenology responses to inter-annual climate variability in mountain areas, and suggest that factors influencing species phenology vary at different elevations. Predicting the future responses of species in a climate change context will require testing the transferability of models and accounting for non-stationary relationships between environmental predictors and the timing of phenological events.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.