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FIGURE 6 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 6. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, penis and caudal appendages: a—penis, b—caudal appendages. Scale bars 0.5 mm (a) and 0.3 mm (b).

FIGURE 2 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 2. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, c—rostral view, dcarinal view. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 5. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, mouth parts and appendages: a—labrum, b—labrum palp, cmandible, d—maxilla I, e—maxilla II, f—cirrus I, g—median article of cirrus VI. Scale bars: a, b, d, e, f—0.3 mm; c—0.2 mm, g—0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 9. Changing of capitular armament in scalpellomorph species from Calantica spinosa to Zevinaella sp. a—Calantica spinosa (from Foster, 1978): i—form with spicular lateral plates, ii - with triangular lateral plates; b—Calantica studeri (from Foster, 1978); c—Calantica siemensi (from Young (2003), modified); d—Trianguloscalpellum balanoides (Hoek, 1883); e— Trianguloscalpellum pentacrinarum, L2 reduced; f—Zevinaella sp., L2 lost.

FIGURE 7 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 7. Trianguloscalpellum pentacrinarum (Pilsbry, 1907). Holotype: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, cpeduncule attached to a cirrus of Neocrinus decorus (Thomson, 1864). Scale bar 5 mm. L2 = lower latus, inframedian latus or second latus.

FIGURE 4 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 4. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Supplementary material, MCZ USA CRI 301: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, c—carinal view. Scale bar 5 mm. Supplementary material, MCZ USA CRI 303: d—showing position on a cirrus of S. spinifera. Note that the scalpellids settled above the bearing spines distal part of a crinoid cirrus. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 1. Zevinaella rodstromi (Boon, 1927). Holotype: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, c—rostral view, dcarinal view; e—fragment of Stylometra spinifera (Carpenter, 1881). Scale bar 5 mm. C = carina; CL = carinolatus; L1 = latus, upper latus or first latus; R = rostrum; RL = rostrolatus; S = scutum & T = tergum; P = peduncle.

FIGURE 8 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 8. Trianguloscalpellum pentacrinarum (Pilsbry, 1907). Supplementary material, NHM UK 1884.6.20.5, dissected to reveal the inside surface of plates: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, c—rostral view, d—carinal view. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype: e—the inside surface of the capitulum, soft body parts removed. Scale bar 5 mm. R = rostrum.

FIGURE 3 in Zevinaella — a new barnacle genus (Scalpellomorpha: Arcoscalpellinae) associated with crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Caribbean

FIGURE 3. Zevinaella volentis gen. et sp. nov. Paratype: a—right lateral view, b—left lateral view, c—rostral view, dcarinal view. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shellregion outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A–F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm.

FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A–D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm.

FIGURE 1. A in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle's near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basiocculdent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Pyrgopsella youngi. A in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 3. Pyrgopsella youngi. A. Shell wall of a specimen and its vestigial basis attached to the septum of a coral calyx. B. Disclike basis (arrow pointing to basis) attached to the septum of a coral calyx. C. Internal view of tergum tilted on its basal margin, showing pointed scutobasal margin and internal tooth. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a spongeinhabiting barnacle

FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. NHG 27 001 in The whale barnacle Cryptolepas rhachianecti (Cirripedia: Coronulidae), a phoront of the grey whale Eschrichtius robustus (Cetacea: Eschrichtiidae), from a sandy beach in The Netherlands

FIGURE 2. NHG 27 001, Cryptolepas rhachianecti Dall, 1872, single left compartment (latus or carinolatus) collected from Recent beach deposits in Zoutelande (Walcheren, The Netherlands): a, alar view; b, external view; c, internal view; d, radial view; e, apical view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images by Julien Cillis, Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels.

FIGURE 11 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea

FIGURE 11. Maximum Likelihood-based molecular phylogenetic analysis of Megabalanus species using a Cytochrome Oxidase I gene fragment (426bp) obtained from GenBank and two sequenced specimens from Curaçao (MNRJ25256 / KX538961, MNRJ25257 / KX538962). Bootstrap values below nodes and number of sequences in brackets. GenBank accession numbers are listed in Appendix II.

FIGURE 12 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea

FIGURE 12. Reported localities of Megabalanus zebra based on available literature and the present work. Only reports from non-mobile substrate or those with a confidence that belongs to a local population.

FIGURE 10 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea

FIGURE 10. Morphometric analysis of scutum inner face. A, scatterplot of the canonical variate scores of relative warps among Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (orange x), Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) (green circle) and Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) (red star); B, thin-plate spline deformation grid of CVA1; and C, box-plot of ratio between scutum basal margin / tergal margin (n=13), with a sample image of each species analyzed.

FIGURE 9 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea

FIGURE 9. Morphometric analysis of tergum inner face. A, scatterplot of the canonical variate scores of relative warps among Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (orange x), Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) (green circle) and Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) (red star); B, thin-plate spline deformation grid of CVA1; and C, box-plot of ratio between tergum basal margin segment, scutal side / spur width ratio (n=13), with a sample image of each species analyzed.