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325 results for “Brackish water”
FIGURE 10 in Macrostomum shenda and M. spiriger, two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) from China
FIGURE 10. The phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA sequences generated with Maximum Likelihood method (bootstrap=1000, TIM3e+I+G4).
FIGURE 11 in Macrostomum shenda and M. spiriger, two new brackish-water species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) from China
FIGURE 11. The phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA sequences generated with Bayesian-inference method (GTR+I+G).
FIGURE 8 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 8. Cultured material of Cladophoraceae sp. 2 (Rhizoclonium minutissimum). (A, B) Morphology of filamentous thalli. (C) Filamentous thalli with rhizoid-like structure. (D, E) Spindle- and band-shaped chloroplasts with pyrenoids (arrowheads). (F) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (G) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (H) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing the pyrenoids. (I) Mature sporangia with spores and vegetative cells. Arrowhead points to a mature sporangium. (J) Detail of a hapteroid attachment cell. Scale bar = 20 μm (A–C, G–I); Scale bars = 10 μm (D–F, K).
FIGURE 10 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 10. Cultured material of Cladophoraceae sp. 3 (Rhizoclonium umbraticum). (A, B) Morphology of filamentous thalli. (C) Tip of filamentous thalli. (D) Filamentous thalli with rhizoidal structures. (E–G) Spindle- and band-shaped chloroplasts. (H) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (I) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (J) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing the pyrenoids. (K) Detail of hapteroid attachment cell. Scale bars = 10 μm (A, B, D, F–H, K); Scale bars = 20 μm (C, E, J).
FIGURE 7 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 7. Field-collected specimens of Cladophoraceae sp. 2 (Rhizoclonium minutissimum). (A) Field-collected specimens. (B, C) Morphology of field-collected specimens. (D, E) Filamentous thalli with non-septate rhizoids. (F) Tip of filamentous thalli. (G–I) Spindle- and band-shaped chloroplasts. Arrowhead points to a pyrenoid. (J) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (K) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (L) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing pyrenoids. (M, N) Pyrenoids observed by transmission electron microscopy. Pyrenoids have starch plates. (M) Three or two thylakoid membranes traversing a pyrenoid. (33) One thylakoid membrane. Scale bar = 5 mm (A); Scale bars = 40 μm (B, C); Scale bars = 20 μm (D–G, K, L); Scale bars = 10 μm (H–J); Scale bars = 0.5 μm (M); Scale bars = 1 μm (N).
FIGURE 5 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 5. Field-collected specimens of Cladophoraceae sp. 1 (Rhizoclonium fractum). (A, B) Field-collected specimens. (C–E) Range of morphological types in field-collected specimens. (E) Arrowhead pointing to rhizoidal structure. (F, G) Cells of field-collected materials. (H, I) Spindle- or band-shaped chloroplasts. Arrowheads indicate pyrenoids. (J, K) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (L) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (M) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing the pyrenoids. (N) Polypyramidal pyrenoid observed by transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 5 mm (A, B,); Scale bars = 20 μm (C–F, L, M); Scale bar = 10 μm (G–K).; Scale bar = 0.5 μm (N).
FIGURE 4 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for Cladophorales developed using large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU) rDNA sequences. ML bootstrap values (>50) and Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (>0.90) are indicated at branches. Scale bar = 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide site. Asterisks indicate the type species of each genus.
FIGURE 6 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 6. Cultured material of Cladophoraceae sp. 1 (Rhizoclonium fractum). (A–D) Morphologies of growing filamentous thalli. (A, B) Some of the thalli have rhizoidal structures. (E, F) Chloroplasts with many starch granules. (G) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (H) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (I) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing the pyrenoids. Scale bar = 20 μm (A–C, E–G); Scale bars = 40 μm (D); Scale bars = 10 μm (H, I).
FIGURE 3 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for Cladophorales developed using the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) rDNA sequences. ML bootstrap values (>50) and Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (>0.90) are indicated at the tree branches. Scale bar = 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide site. Asterisks indicate the type species of each genus.
FIGURE 1 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 1. Fields material of Cladophoraceae spp. (A, B) Cladophoraceae sp. 1 and 2 growing on mangroves. Arrow heads point to (C) Cladophoraceae sp. 3 growing at shady covered conduits.
FIGURE 2 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 2. Map showing the collecting site of Cladophoraceae spp. (1) Tanotsu, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Pref., (2) Kunimikoujiro, Unzen, Nagasaki Pref., (3) Ki-ire, Kagoshima, Kagoshima Pref., (4) Atake River, Tanegashima Is. Kagoshima Pref., (5) Kesaji, Higashi, Okinawa Pref., (6) Oura, Nago, Okinawa Pref., (7) Lake Man, Naha, Okinawa Pref., (8) Miyara, Ishigaki, Okinawa Pref. ○: Cladophoraceae sp. 1 (= Rhizoclonium fractum), O: Cladophoraceae sp. 2 (= R. minutissimum), Δ: Cladophoraceae sp. 3 (= R. umbraticum).
FIGURE 9 in Two new green algae, Rhizoclonium fractum sp. nov. and R. umbraticum sp. nov., from tropical and subtropical brackish waters of Japan
FIGURE 9. Field-collected specimens of Cladophoraceae sp. 3 (Rhizoclonium umbraticum). (A) Morphologies of field-collected specimens. (B, C) Filamentous thalli with non-septate rhizoids. (D–F) Spindle- and band-shaped chloroplasts with pyrenoids (arrow heads). (G, H) Autofluorescence of chloroplasts. (I) Cells stained with DAPI, showing nuclei. (J) Cells stained with Lugol's iodine, showing pyrenoids. (K, L) Pyrenoids observed by transmission electron microscopy. Pyrenoids with starch plates. (K) A thylakoid membrane; (L) Three thylakoid membranes traversing a pyrenoid. Scale bars = 80 μm (A–C); Scale bars = 10 μm (D–H); Scale bars = 40 μm (H, J); Scale bars = 0.5 μm (K, L).
Data from: Adaptive genomic divergence under high gene flow between freshwater and brackish-water ecotypes of prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) revealed by Pool-Seq
Understanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence in the presence of gene flow remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), an abundant euryhaline fish in northwestern North America, high genetic connectivity among brackish-water (estuarine) and freshwater (tributary) habitats of coastal rivers does not preclude the build-up of neutral genetic differentiation and emergence of different life history strategies. Because these two habitats present different osmotic niches, we predicted high genetic differentiation at known teleost candidate genes underlying salinity tolerance and osmoregulation. We applied whole-genome sequencing of pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq) to explore adaptive divergence between two estuarine and two tributary habitats. Paired-end sequence reads were mapped against genomic contigs of European Cottus, and the gene content of candidate regions was explored based on comparisons with the threespine stickleback genome. Genes showing signals of repeated differentiation among brackish-water and freshwater habitats included functions such as ion transport and structural permeability in freshwater gills, which suggests that local adaptation to different osmotic niches might contribute to genomic divergence among habitats. Overall, the presence of both repeated and unique signatures of differentiation across many loci scattered throughout the genome is consistent with polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation and locally variable selection pressures in the early stages of life history divergence.
Figure 1. Study sites. A in The Picture of Dorian Gray: shell corrosion allows freshwater and brackish-water gastropods to masquerade as empty shells
Figure 1. Study sites. A, Nagai Park; B, Tsurumi-ryokuchi Park; C, estuaries of Yodo and Kanzaki Rivers; D, estuary of Onozato River; E, tidal mud flats on Awaji Island.
Figure 2 in The Picture of Dorian Gray: shell corrosion allows freshwater and brackish-water gastropods to masquerade as empty shells
Figure 2. Shell corrosion in freshwater and brackish-water gastropods. (a) Semisulcospira reiniana; (b) Sinotaia quadrata histrica; (c) Batillaria multiformis; and (d) Clithon retropictus. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 5 in Two canthocamptid copepods of the genera Itunella and Mesochra (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from brackish waters in South Korea
Figure 5. Itunella arenaria sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. (A–D) Female: (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal; (C) habitus, ventral; (D) anal somite and caudal rami, ventral. (E,F) Male: (E) habitus, dorsal; (F) anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 Mm (A,C,D); 20 Mm (B,D,F).
Figure 1. A in Two canthocamptid copepods of the genera Itunella and Mesochra (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from brackish waters in South Korea
Figure 1. A map showing localities in South Korea. 1, Estuary of Seojeongricheon Stream, Wolpo; 2, Youngil Bay, Pohang; 3, estuary of Daejongcheon Stream, Gyeongju; 4, Jeonjangpo Beach, Imjado Island; 5, estuary of Maesancheon Stream, Dangjin.
Figure 9 in Two canthocamptid copepods of the genera Itunella and Mesochra (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from brackish waters in South Korea
Figure 9. Mesochra bisetosa sp. nov. (A–D) Female P2–P5. (E–G) Male: (E) A1, ventral; (F) P5; (G) P6. Scale bars: 50 Mm.
Figure 2 in Two canthocamptid copepods of the genera Itunella and Mesochra (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from brackish waters in South Korea
Figure 2. Itunella arenaria sp. nov. (A–E) Female: (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal; (C) anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral; (D) A1; (E) P5. (F) Male: anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal (left side) and ventral (right side). Scale bars: 100 Mm (A); 50 Mm (B–F).
Figure 8 in Two canthocamptid copepods of the genera Itunella and Mesochra (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from brackish waters in South Korea
Figure 8. Mesochra bisetosa sp. nov., female. (A) A1; (B) A2; (C) mandible; (D) maxillule; (E) maxilla; (F) maxilliped. Scale bars: 50 Mm.
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OpenNeuro
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