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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

Fig. 1. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (A and B, respectively) in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) transported in plastic bags containing water treated with the essential oil from Lippia alba. The values are expressed as the means ± SEM. Different letters indicate levels of significance between the treatments (P<0.05).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Fig. 1. Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 114669 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 1. Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 114669, holotype, male, 24.7 mm SL; Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Itaúba, rio Teles Pires, tributary to upper rio Tapajós basin; lateral views. Scale bar = 0.5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Fig. 4 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 4. Lateral view of the mandibular arch of Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 96032, paratype, 20.2 mm SL. AA = anguloarticular, D = dentary, PM = premaxilla, LC = subdivided autogenous laterosensory canal. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies

Fig. 3. Time spent in each compartment when Pseudoplatystoma corruscans were stimulated by taurocholic acid (TCA) and controls. TCA response was significantly different from distilled water (paired t test: 3.94, P = 0.0005) as indicated by an asterisk.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies

Fig. 1. Electrolfactogram responses of pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans to five representative bile acids. Response magnitudes are normalized as percentages of response to 10-5 M L-serine (mean ± SEM). CA = Cholic acid, TCA = taurocholic acid, TCD = taurochenodeoxicholic acid, CD = chenodeoxycholic acid, DC = deoxycholic acid.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Fig. 4 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies

Fig. 4. Number of movements of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans stimulated by taurocholic acid (TCA) and controls. Response to TCA was significantly higher than distilled water comparison for each behavior. Dunn's multiple comparisons test, P<0.05, as indicated by an asterisk. Top over the bars: type of movements in each stimuli.

Fig. 2 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

Fig. 2. Mean ± standard deviation of total length of Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae in relation to age.

Fig. 1 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

Fig. 1. Drawing of Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae (circa 13 mm TL, 8 DAH): total length (TL), head length (HL), head height (HH), head width (HW), mouth length (ML), eye diameter (ED), maxillary barbel length (MB), trunk length (TRL), trunk height (TH), trunk width (TW), yolk sac length (YSL), yolk sac height (YSH), and postanal length (PAL).

Fig. 4 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

Fig. 4. Allometric growth of measurements on the trunk of Lophiosilurus alexandri during early development (0-29 days after hatching). The dotted line on total length represents the inflexion point of growth, b = allometric growth coefficient, r² = coefficient of determination, and n= number of individuals. (a) trunk length, (b) trunk height, (c) trunk width, (d) postanal length, (e) yolk sac volume.

Fig. 3 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

Fig. 3. Allometric growth of measurements on the head of Lophiosilurus alexandri during early development (0-29 days after hatching). The dotted line on total length represents the inflexion point of growth, b = allometric growth coefficient, r² = coefficient of determination, and n= number of individuals. (a) head length, (b) head height, (c) head width, (d) mouth length, (e) eye diameter, (f) maxillary barbel length.

Figure 3 in Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

Figure 3. Seasonal variation in frequency of food items assessed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis in R. rita sampled from Padma River.

Figure 2 in Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

Figure 2. Fullness index of fish stomach in different seasons (a) and size groups (b) of R. rita sampled from Padma River.

Figure 6 in Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

Figure 6. Canonical correspondence analysis of food items and morphometric measures of R. rita sampled from Padma river (TL = Total length; BW = Body weight; HG = horizontal mouth gape; VG = vertical mouth gape; MA = mouth area)

Figure 4 in Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

Figure 4. Principle component analysis (PCA) on fish size groups and food items in R. rita sampled from Padma River (Roman numbers indicated the different size group of fish, such as I = 9-14 cm, II =>14-19 cm, III =>19-24 cm, IV =>24-29 cm and V =>29-34 cm).

Fig. 3 in Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei.

Fig. 3. Detailed PhyML-phylogeny based on the analysis of the partial cox1 sequences (551 bp) showing the detailed relationships of the family Pangasiidae and related families (Austroglanididae, Ictaluridae, and Cranoglanididae). In total, 83 sequences, including 81 from Pangasius and Pangasianodon and 2 outgroup sequences from the order Gymnotiformes, were included (Table S3). The alignment was performed by MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013), curated by BMGE v1.12 (Criscuolo and Gribaldo 2010), the tree was reconstructed in PhyML 3.3 (Guindon et al. 2010) using a maximum likelihood method and 1000 bootstrap resamplings, and the output Newick tree was extracted and visualized using FigTree v1.4.4 (Rambaut 2018). The basal nodes of the Pangasiidae and two sister groups (Pangasianodon and (Pangasius + Helicophagus + Pseudolais)) are shown by arrows. The Pangasius mekongensis, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius krempfi sequences in this study are bolded. The taxonmisidentified sequences were added with a question mark at the end. The taxa from Pangasiidae were shortened and those from other related families were presented with their full names. The abbreviations of the isolates are given in brackets, including the geographical origin or voucher records of each sequenced specimen (where available), which were retrieved from the previous studies (Karinthanyakit and Jondeung 2012; Tran and Duong 2019; Schedel et al. 2022). The country of origin or where the sample was reported is given in full or in brackets, if available. Accession numbers are given at the end of each sequence label. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.

Fig. 2 in Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei.

Fig. 2. PhyML-phylogeny of the order Siluriformes, including 32 catfish families (117 sequences) of three suborders, Siluroidei, Loricarioidei, and Diplomystoidei based on the complete concatenated nucleotide sequences of all 13 mitochondrial protein coding genes (about 11,408 bp in length) (Table S2). Two sequences of Gonorynchiformes were used as an outgroup. The alignment was performed by MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013), curated by BMGE v1.12 (Criscuolo and Gribaldo 2010), the tree was reconstructed in PhyML 3.3 (Guindon et al. 2010) using a maximum likelihood method and 1000 bootstrap resamplings, and the output Newick tree was extracted and visualized using FigTree v1.4.4 (Rambaut 2018). The nodal bootstrap support values (shown at each node) were interpreted from the concurrently constructed tree using the above MAFFT-BMGE alignment by MEGA X (Kumar et al. 2018). The basal nodes of the three suborders (Diplomystoidei, Loricarioidei, and Siluroidei) as well as the two major "Big Asia" and "Big Africa" groups (background highlighted) are shown by arrows. The Pangasius mekongensis, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius krempfi sequences in this study are indicated by stars and with the associated families' background highlighted. The taxa were presented with their full names. The abbreviations of the isolates are given in brackets, including the geographical origin or voucher records of each sequenced specimen (where available), which were retrieved from the previous studies (Saitoh et al. 2003; Nakatani et al. 2011; Kappas et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2021; Schedel et al. 2022). The country of origin or geographical regions where the sample was reported are given in full name, if available. Accession numbers are given at the end of each sequence label. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.

Fig. 1. A in Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei.

Fig. 1. A schematic circular map of the mitochondrial genome of three Mekong River pangasiid catfishes catfishes in Vietnam, Pangasius mekongensis, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius krempfi, and the OL origin site of the light (L) strand's replication. A, The circular map and gene abbreviations were generated by the MitoAnnotator software in the MitoFish database (http://mitofish.aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/annotation/ input.html). Protein-coding genes (PCGs) are denoted by two capital letters or full names, and transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) are marked with threeletter amino-acid abbreviations. The heavy (H) strand is indicated by the outer line of the circle and the light (L) strand by the inner line. The D-loop (control region) is located between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe. The pangasiid photos were taken by the authors from the naturally caught fish on site. B, A schematic presentation of the stem-loop secondary structure of the OL origin site in mitogenomes of three pangasiid species based on the RNAfold predicted structure with the lowest free energy (http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/RNAWebSuite/RNAfold.cgi). On the L-strand, between the two flanking tRNAs (trnN (c) and trnC (c)), there is a conserved stem (hairpin) formed by 9-nucleotide (nt) base-pairing and ending with a loop of 9 nt (in Pmek and Phyp) and 10 nt (in Pkre).

Fig. 4 in Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei.

Fig. 4. Detailed PhyML-phylogeny based on the analysis of the partial cytB sequences (634 bp) showing the detailed relationships of the family Pangasiidae and related families (Austroglanididae, Ictaluridae, and Cranoglanididae). In total, 80 sequences, including 78 from Pangasius and Pangasianodon and 2 outgroup sequences from the order Clupeiformes, were included (Table S3). The alignment was performed by MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013), curated by BMGE v1.12 (Criscuolo and Gribaldo 2010), the tree was reconstructed in PhyML 3.3 (Guindon et al. 2010) using a maximum likelihood method and 1000 bootstrap resamplings, and the output Newick tree was extracted and visualized using FigTree v1.4.4 (Rambaut 2018). The basal nodes of the Pangasiidae and two sister groups (Pangasianodon and (Pangasius + Helicophagus + Pseudolais)) are shown by arrows. The Pangasius mekongensis, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius krempfi sequences in this study are bolded. The taxonmisidentified sequences were added with a question mark at the end. The taxa from Pangasiidae were shortened and those from other related families were presented with their full names. The abbreviations of the isolates are given in brackets, including the geographical origin or voucher records of each sequenced specimen (where available), which were retrieved from the previous studies. The country of origin or where the sample was reported is given in full or in brackets, if available. Accession numbers are given at the end of each sequence label. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 5 in Ectoparasitic copepod infestation on a wild population of Neotropical catfish Sciades herzbergii Bloch, 1794: Histological evidences of lesions on host

Fig. 5. Transverse section of S. herzbergii skin parasitized by copepods. (Hematoxylineosin staining). a. Detail of the outer and middle layer of the epidermis (hyperplasia and hypertrophy) (100X). b. Sacciforme cell (400X).