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FIGURE 18 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species

FIGURE 18. Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. and troglomorphisms in Spelaeobochica species. On the left, the male specimen (paratype) of S. mahnerti sp. n.; in the middle, a map of Brazil showing the different speleological units (red stars represent the locality of each species); on the right, from top to bottom, S. allodentatus, S. iuiu, S. goliath and S. muchmorei, respectively. Observe the increment in the degree of troglomorphism shown by Spelaeobochica species (greater appendage elongation) from northern to southern regions.

Figure 10 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 10. South America showing the geographical distribution of the genera Protimesius and Obidosus (a) and the detailed distribution of Protimesius species as defined here (b). Shaded background areas are the Morrone's (2014) regionalisation of the Neotropics.

Figure 9 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 9. Obidosus spp.ı specimens in vivo. (aıb) O. evelineae (Ubajaraı Brazil); (cık) O. albilineatus ((c) San José de Payaminosı Orellanaı Ecuador; (k) Bigal Riverı Sumacoı Ecuador); (d) O. regalo (Tocantinsı Brazil); (eıf) O. cirio (Paráı Brazil); (gıh) O. longipalpis ((g) Flonaı Tapajósı Brazil; (h) Urubu riverı Brazil); (iıj) O. carnaval ((i) Tabatingaı Amazonası Brazil; (j) Leticiaı Colombia). Photos by Leonardo Carvalho (bıgıi); Ethan Staats (c); Arthur Anker (aıhıjık); Abel Pérez-González (d) and Espeleo Team (eıf).

Figure 8 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 8. Protimesius spp.ı specimens in vivo. (a–c) Protimesius lucifer sp. nov.: female (a) and male (c) from Caverna SL-44 and Caverna S11Cı Paráı Brazilı female (b) from Marabáı Paráı Brazil. (d–g) Protimesius orcus sp. nov.: males from caves system Santa Quitériaı Cearáı Brazil. Photos by Espeleo Team (aıc); Leonardo Carvalho (b) and Denis Pedroso (d–g).

Figure 4 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 4. Protimesius lucifer sp. nov.ı (a–f) and P. orcus sp. nov.ı (g–l). (aıg) Femur IVı dorsal view; (bıh) femur IVı ventral view; (cıi) patella and tibia IVı dorsal view; (dıj) patella and tibia IVı ventral view; (eık) male basitarsus Iı lateral view; (fıl) female basitarsus Iı lateral view. Vouchers: (a–e) holotype (MNRJ 2560); (f) female paratype (CNHUFPI 2177); (g–k) holotype (MNRJ 19ı403); (l) female paratype (MNRJ 9060). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 3 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 3. Protimesius lucifer sp. nov.ı holotype (MNRJ 2560) (aıc) and P. orcus sp. nov. holotype (MNRJ 19ı403) (bıd). Habitus: (aıb) dorsal viewı (cıd) lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 1 in Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae)

Figure 1. Protimesius lucifer sp. nov.ı holotype (MNRJ 2560)ı (a–c) habitus: (a) dorsal viewı (b) ventral viewı (c) lateral view; (dıe) patellaı tibia and tarsus of right pedipalp: (d) ectal viewı (e) mesal view; (fıg) distal portion of penis: (f) dorsal viewı (g) lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929. a in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges

FIGURE 13. Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929. a) CNPGG‒1496 habitus (ethanol); b) choanosomal skeleton (cross sec- tion, LM); c) triod and calthrops; d) ectosome in the upper flank; (LM); e) diods (LM).

FIGURE 11 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges

FIGURE 11. Neosiphonia microtriaeneae sp. nov. Holotype CNPGG-1487 spicules; a-b) Tetraclone desmas, smooth clones with indented endings (LM, SEM); c) juvenile desmas (SEM); d-e) Oxeas hastate (LM, SEM); f) Trichotriaenes (SEM); g-i) Amphiasters to spherasters and spiraster types (LM, SEM).

FIGURE 9 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges

FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM).

FIGURE 4 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges

FIGURE 4. Haliclona (Reniera) stygobia sp. nov. a) Holotype CNPGG‒1482 (ethanol); b) ectosomal skeleton (tangential sec- tion, LM); c) choanosomal skeleton (cross section, LM); d-e) strongyle spicule (LM); f-g) oxea spicule (LM).

FIGURE 1. Study area. a in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges

FIGURE 1. Study area. a) The Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico; b) Cozumel Island; c) Map of the anchialine cave La Quebrada (lines in brown), arrows indicate the position of the Cenotes: 1) "S-1", 2) "Km-1" and 3) "Roca Bomba". The shaded regions represent the sampling area (Modified from Yañez-Mendoza et al. 2007 and Calderón-Gutiérrez et al. 2018).

FIGURE 14 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 14. Eukoenenia lundi sp. nov. A, leg I, tarsus 3, left side, holotype (scale bar 80 μm); B, leg IV, basitarsus, right side, holotype (scale bar 60 μm); C, first lobe, female genitalia (scale bar 40 μm); D, second lobe, female genitalia (scale bar 40 μm); E, first lobe, male genitalia, left half (the sternal setae inserted close to the lobe are not shown) (scale bar 30 μm); F, second and third lobes, male genitalia, left half (scale bar 30 μm). Dotted circles and ellipses in Figs. C and D represent cuticular orifices; empty circles in Figs. E and F represent insertions of detached setae.

FIGURE 21 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 21. Eukoenenia jequitai sp. nov., leg I, right side. A, trochanter and femur; B, patella and tibia; C, basitarsi 1–4; D, tarsi 1–3. Scale bars 80 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Eukoenenia magna sp. nov., leg I, right side of female II. A, trochanter and femur; B, patella and tibia; C, basitarsi 1– 4; D, tarsi 1–3. Scale bars 150 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Eukoenenia magna sp. nov., pedipalp, right side. A, trochanter-femur, male II; B, tibia-basitarsus 2, female II; C, tarsi 1–3, female II. Scale bars: 150 μm (Figs. A–B) and (100 μm Fig. C).

FIGURE 8 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Eukoenenia magna sp. nov., flagellar articles, male II. A, articles I–IV; B, articles V–VIII; C, articles IX–XIII. Scale bars 500 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Eukoenenia magna sp. nov. A, propeltidial chaetotaxy (holotype); B, metapeltidial setae, female I; C, coxa of right pedipalp, female II; D, coxa of right leg I, female II; E, coxa of right leg II, female II; F, coxa of left leg III, female II; G, seta with reduced size and unusual shape replacing a thick seta on right coxa III, male II; H, coxa of left leg IV, female I. Thickened setae on coxae II, III and IV indicated by arrows. Scale bars: 200 μm (Fig. A), 5 μm (Fig. G) and 75 μm (Figs. B–F, H).

FIGURE 6 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Eukoenenia magna sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite V, holotype; B, chaetotaxy of opisthosomal sternite VI, holotype; C, chaetotaxy of opisthosomal sternite V, female II; D, cuticular orifices (pointed by arrows) on first (flipped upwards) and second genital lobes, female I. The arrows in Figs. B and C indicate two pores between a1 setae. Scale bars 20 μm.

FIGURE 11 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil

FIGURE 11. Eukoenenia lundi sp. nov., female holotype. A, propeltidial chaetotaxy; B, metapeltidial setae; C, coxa of left pedipalp; D, coxa of left leg I; E, coxa of right leg II; F, coxa of right leg III; G, coxa of right leg IV. The thickened setae on coxae II, III and IV are indicated by arrows. Scale bars: 100 μm (Fig. A), 40 μm (Fig. B) and 60 μm (Figs. C–G).