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Fig. 28 in CEPHALOPODS FROM THE CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY BOUNDARY INTERVAL ON THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE HIGHEST AMMONITE ZONES IN NORTH AMERICA. PART III. MANASQUAN RIVER BASIN, MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

Fig. 28. Sphenodiscus lobatus (Toumey, 1856). MAPS A2002g2, Pinna Layer, Tinton Formation, Manasquan River Basin, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Parts of sutures at whorl heights of approximately 51 mm (A) and 63 mm (B), respectively.

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Fig. 18 in CEPHALOPODS FROM THE CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY BOUNDARY INTERVAL ON THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE HIGHEST AMMONITE ZONES IN NORTH AMERICA. PART III. MANASQUAN RIVER BASIN, MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

Fig. 18. Dinoflagellates from the upper part of the Tinton Formation and lower part of the Hornerstown Formation, Manasquan River Basin, Monmouth County, New Jersey. A, H, K. Glaphyrocysta expansa (Corradini, 1973) Roncaglia & Corradini, 1997 (? 5 G. perforata sensu Schiøler et al., 1997), R6416A, Pinna Layer, AMNH loc. 3335, 4.3 km southwest of Freehold, Monmouth County. A. Ventral view of ventral ectophragm; H. ventral view of ventral surface; K. ventral view of dorsal surface. B–D. Florentinia ferox (Deflandre, 1937) Duxbury, 1980, R6416A, Pinna Layer, AMNH loc. 3335, 4.3 km southwest of Freehold, Monmouth County. B. Ventral view of ventral surface; C. ventral view at midfocus; D. ventral view of dorsal surface. E–G. Cribroperidinium sp. (species group includes the C.

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Fig. 16 in CEPHALOPODS FROM THE CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY BOUNDARY INTERVAL ON THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE HIGHEST AMMONITE ZONES IN NORTH AMERICA. PART III. MANASQUAN RIVER BASIN, MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

Fig. 16. Echinoids from the top of the Tinton Formation, Manasquan River Basin, Monmouth County, New Jersey. A, C, D, G, H. Hemiaster dalli Clark, 1891. A. Association with a fragment of Discoscaphites iris (Conrad, 1858), MAPS A3609a3. C, D. MAPS A3609a1. G, H. MAPS A3609a2. B, I– K. Cardiaster marylandica Clark, 1916. B. Cluster of juveniles, MAPS A3601g3. I, J. MAPS A3601g1. K. Association with Eubaculites latecarinatus (Brunnschweiler, 1966), MAPS A3601g2. E, F. Hemiaster delawarensis Clark, 1916, MAPS A3605f1. All figures X1.

Fig. 8 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 8. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA. A. Canalicular cartilage of fin-supported structure. B–D. Cartilaginous mantle band-shape structure on dorsal side showing a canalicular type of cartilage.

Fig. 7 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 7. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; cartilaginous mantle band-shape structure on the dorsal side of soft body. Overview (A) and detail of analicular cartilage (B). Abbreviation: dcm, dorsal cartilaginous mantle.

Fig. 9 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 9. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; globular ultrastructure of non-biomineralized structures. A. Sheet-like patch of flooded ink (top) and soft tissue debris (bottom); a site of the geochemical analysis is marked with a square. B. Undetermined long soft tissue piece showing a micro-granular ultrastructure on the dorsal side of the soft body. C. Micro-laminated ultrastructure of the gladius. D. Undetermined non-biomineralized micro-laminated fragment from the stomach. E. A linear fragment of soft tissue on dorsal side of the body. F. Micro-globular ultrastructure. Abbreviations: i, ink sheet-like patch; sbt, soft body tissues; std, soft tissue debris.

Fig. 6 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 6. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; views on the canalicular structure of fin-supported cartilages (A–D).

Fig. 1. A in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 1. A. Palaeogeographic map of the western USA basin during the Early Triassic. B. Present-day location of the studied exposure. C. Synthetic stratigraphical and lithological succession of the Bear Lake area (after Romano et al. 2013) with position of the studied specimen. Ammonoid zonation after Jenks et al. (2013) and Jattiot et al. (2016). Stratigraphy follows the main units defined by Kummel (1954). Radiometric ages after Galfetti et al. (2007) and Burgess et al. (2014). Abbreviations: LL, Lower Limestone; LS,Lower Shale; ML, Middle Limestone; MS, Middle Shale; UCS, Upper Calcareous Siltstone.

Fig. 4 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 4. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; arm-hooks in the stomach. A. A well exposed arm-hook with deformed shaft and a broken distal end of the basement, tip not exposed; another arm-hook less visible and fractured. B. Three deformed arm-hooks. C. A deformed arm-hook showing a depression along the compressed shaft. Abbreviations: h, arm-hook; i, ink sheet-like patch.

Fig. 5 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 5. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; fin-supported cartilages. The surfaces of fractured cartilages (A–C), outer surface (D). Abbreviation: f, fin.

Fig. 3 in An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Fig. 3. Coleoid cephalopod Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, UBGD 30545); middle Olenekian, Early Triassic; Idaho, USA; a folded tapered anterior part of the gladius with a rachis, and narrow median and acute left and right lateral fields. Abbreviations: lf, left lateral field; mf, median field; rf, right lateral field; sbr, soft body remains.

Fig. 7 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 7. Sediment-filled conellae on phosphorite internal moulds of Late Oxfordian Amoeboceras serratum (Sowerby, 1813) (RUB-Pal 7-11293, body chambers) from Rybaki locality in Moscow region, Russia. Group of conellae, note the small gap between conellae and internal mould (A1), conella with irregular outline showing a microboring, conella partially covered by nacre tablets suggesting that the conellae formed within the shell, was temporarily hollow and subsequently filled with sediment (A3,A5), framboid pyrite within the sediment fill of conellae (A4), matrix rich in radiolaria (so far unidentified) (A6).

Fig. 6 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 6. Various inclusions in sediment-filled conellae. A, C. Sand grains in the conellae on the body chamber of Middle Callovian macroconch Rondiceras sp. from Nikitino locality, Ryazan region, Russia. A. GIN MPC 4/16, large sand grain on the top of conella. C. GIN MPC 4/17, small sand grain in the sediment which infilled the conella. B. Sand grain in the conella on phosphorite phragmocone of Late Volgian Virgatites virgatus (Buch, 1830) (GIN MPC 4/18) from Borsheva locality, Moscow region, Russia. D. Various algal microfossils in the internal mould of a body chamber and a conella, Amoeboceras serratum (Sowerby, 1813) [M] (GIN MPC 4/19) from Late Oxfordian, Rybaki locality in Moscow region, Russia.

Fig. 9. A in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 9. A. Aragonitic conellae in an injured area close to the aperture of Recent Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 (RUB-Pal 11292) from Philippines; the conellae are comparable in size with fossil examples (A1, A2). Note ultrathin organic membrane is preserved and a growth from the shell surface towards the center of the fluid filled blister is proposed. B. Aragonitic and calcitic conellae-like structures in an injured area (pathological band-slit: forma aegra verticata) of the Late Callovian ammonite Quenstedtoceras sp. (GIN MPC 4/20) from Dubki, Saratov region, Russia; overview (B1), SEM image showing the shell microstructure (B2).

Fig. 5. A in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 5. A very large single sediment-filled conella on the phosphatized fragment of body chamber of Late Volgian macroconch of Craspedites sp. (GIN MPC 4/15) from Kuntsevo locality in the Moscow region, Russia. SEM image of conella showing the minute surface structure (A1), general view of the specimen (A2).

Fig. 1 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 1. Calcite conellae on internal moulds of siphuncle of Middle Ordovician endocerids from Leningrad region of Russia. A. GIN MPC 4/1, conellae in remnants of nautiloid siphuncle endocones; in top (A1) and lateral (A2) views, and close up, lateral view (A3). B. GIN MPC 4/2, single conella on the surface of pointed end of the endocerid siphuncle (spiculum). C. GIN MPC 4/3, single conella on the surface of spiculum, both with longitudinal and horizontal lines; in lateral (C1) and anterior (adapertural) (C2) views. D. GIN MPC 4/4, group of conellae on the spiculum internal mould.

Fig. 4 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 4. Sediment-filled conellae on phosphorite internal moulds of Late Oxfordian Amoeboceras serratum (Sowerby, 1813) (body chambers) from Rybaki locality in the Moscow region, Russia. A. GIN MPC 4/9, typical conella of tepee-like shape. B. GIN MPC 4/10, conella of more complex shape, note irregular outline. C. GIN MPC 4/11, groups of sediment-filled conellae with different heights. D. GIN MPC 4/12, shape of the neighbouring conellae differ significantly. E. GIN MPC 4/13, lateral view of a single conella. F. GIN MPC 4/14, conellae on the ventral keel (body chamber), with seemingly two growth phases and a lower conella in front.

Fig. 8 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 8. Limonite conellae on the internal mould of Late Devonian orthoconic nautiloid (SNSB-BSPG 2014 XXI 81216) from Morocco. Overview on the preserved two specimens composed of five preserved chambers each (A1, A2), close up of limonitic conellae of different heights (A3, A4).

Fig. 2 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 2. Calcite conellae on Late Oxfordian Amoeboceras serratum (Sowerby, 1813) [M] internal moulds from Rybaki locality in the Moscow region, Russia. A. GIN MPC 4/5, pair of calcite conellae on the last septum with partially preserved aragonite; A2, detail. B. GIN MPC 4/6, single calcite conella on internal mould of the last septum; B2, detail. C. GIN MPC 4/7, calcite conellae in the rear part of phosphorite internal mould of the body chamber.

Fig. 3 in Conellae, enigmatic structures on cephalopod shells -shapes, distribution, and formation

Fig. 3. Calcite conellae on the area of annular elevation of Late Callovian Quenstedtoceras lamberti (Sowerby, 1819) [M] (GIN MPC 4/8) from Peski locality in the Moscow region, Russia. Overview of the specimen (A1), note the transition from phragmocone to body chamber at about the middle of the preserved outer whorl. Close-up of tightly packed aggregates of conellae (A2, A3).