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FIGURES 6–10. Scutogona minor n in A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Scutogona from central Portugal (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Chamaesomatidae)

FIGURES 6–10. Scutogona minor n.sp., male paratype from Gruta da Arrifana, anterior gonopods (P8), SEM images. 6. Anterior view. 7. Oblique anterior-apical view. 8. Apical view. 9. Posterior view. 10. Lateral view (from right side).—A: right angiocoxite, F: flagellum, KP: two-pronged process, KL: laminar extension, T: left telopodite.—Scales 10 µm.

FIGURES 15–16 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 15–16. Tarbagataya zaisanica sp. nov., female paratype. 15, vulva, ventral view; 16, vulva, lateral view.

FIGURES 1–4 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 1–4. Altajosoma arshaty sp. nov., male holotype (1–2), female paratype (3–4). 1, gonopods, caudal view; 2, gonopods, front view; 3, vulva, lateral view, somewhat rotated outwards; 4, vulva, ventral view; bb, broad blade of posterior gonopod colpocoxite; nb, narrow blade of posterior gonopod colpocoxite; lp, lateral sheath process of posterior gonopod colpocoxite; pp, posterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite; ap, anterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite; o, operculum. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 17–23 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 17–23. Tarbagataya zaisanica sp. nov., male paratype (17–21), female paratype (22–23). 17, leg pair 7, caudal view; 18, posterior gonopods, front view; 19, left anterior gonopod, lateral view; 20, anterior gonopods, caudal view; 21, anterior gonopods, front view; 22, left vulva, mesal view; 23, vulva, ventral view; mb, mesal branch of coxite; lb, lateral branch of coxite; s, saculiform structure of anterior gonopod. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 10–14 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 10–14. Tarbagataya zaisanica sp. nov., male paratype. 10, leg pair 7, caudal view; 11, leg pair 7, front view; 12, anterior gonopods, front view; 13, anterior gonopods, caudal view; 14, posterior gonopods, front view; mb, mesal branch of coxite; lb, lateral branch of coxite; s, saculiform structure of anterior gonopod.

FIGURES 8–9 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 8–9. Altajosoma bukhtarma sp. nov., male paratype. 8, gonopods, caudal view; 9, gonopods, front view; lp, lateral sheath process of posterior gonopod colpocoxite; pp, posterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite; ap, anterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite; ms, mesal sheath processes of posterior gonopod colpocoxites. Scale in mm.

FIGURES 5–7 in The millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) in Kazakhstan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURES 5–7. Altajosoma bukhtarma sp. nov., male paratype. 5, gonopods, caudal view; 6, gonopods, front view; 7, basal parts of telopodites of anterior gonopods; lp, lateral sheath process of posterior gonopod colpocoxite; pp, posterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite; ms, mesal sheath processes of posterior gonopod colpocoxites; ap, anterior process of posterior gonopod angiocoxite.

FIGURES 3–10 in Cave millipedes of the United States. XIII. A new, troglobiotic species of Austrotyla from Colorado (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Conotylidae)

FIGURES 3–10. Structures of male Austrotyla millipedes. Figs. 3–6. Austrotyla coloradensis. Fig. 3. Right third leg, posterior view. Fig. 4. Right fourth leg, posterior view. Fig. 5. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 6. Posterior gonopods, anterior view. Figs. 7–10. Austrotyla stephensoni. Fig. 7. Right third leg, posterior view. Fig 8. Right fourth leg, posterior view. Fig. 9. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 10. Posterior gonopods, anterior view.

FIGURES 1, 2 in Cave millipedes of the United States. XIII. A new, troglobiotic species of Austrotyla from Colorado (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Conotylidae)

FIGURES 1, 2. Field appearance of Austrotyla millipedes. Fig. 1. Austrotyla coloradensis, penult male. Fig. 2. Austrotyla stephensoni, mature male. Photograph by David Steinmann.

FIGURES 33–35. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 33–35. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Michňová Cave), male. SEM photos. Fig. 33: 9th leg pair with broad toothed coxal process, anterior view, Fig. 34: Detail of coxal processes of the 9th leg pair, ventro-lateral view, Fig. 35: Left leg of the 10th pair, anterior view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: cp: Coxal process, lp: Ladle-like process, ss: Sperm sacs.

FIGURE 39 in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURE 39. Distribution of the species of the genus Hylebainosoma: Filled rings: H. tatranum (only selected localities indicating edges of its wide area of distribution), open ring: H. gulickai n. sp., filed triangles: H. nontronensis, open diamond: H. cavernicola, filled diamond: H. odici, grey diamond: H. oltenica, diamond with a question mark: Hylebainosoma sp. (according to Kosyanenko 2003, 2005), square with a question mark: R. (?) birtei nom. nud.

FIGURES 36–37. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 36–37. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Michňová Cave), female. SEM photos. Fig. 36: Vulvae in ventral view, Fig. 37: Left vulva, posterior view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: b: Bursa, op: Operculum, psl: Postvulval lateral process, psm: Medial postvulval process.

FIGURES 2–10 in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 2–10. Hylebainosoma tatranum, male: Figs. 2–3: Slovakia, Cerová vrchovina Mts., Šurický úkryt, pseudokarstic cave; Figs. 4–10: Slovakia, Tatra Mts., Tomanova Valley. SEM photos. Fig. 2: Lateral view on the body section within the zone of the 5th–10th leg pairs, with gonopods and the 9th pair of legs, Fig. 3: Detail of gonopods in situ, ventral view, Fig. 4: Complex of gonopods, lateral view from left, Fig. 5: Gonopods from latero-anterior view, Fig. 6: |Gonopods, anterior view, Fig. 7: Gonopods, posterior view, Fig. 8: Right gonopod with median plate, median (inner) view, Fig. 9: Left gonopod, median view without median plate, Fig. 10: Complex of gonopods, ventral view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: cp: Coxal processes, hp: Hyaline process, lp: Ladle-like processes of 10th legs, mp: Median plate, sf: Structural field.

FIGURE 21. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURE 21. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp., adult female, Slovakia, Kostolik Cave. Photo: Ľ. Kováč, A. Mock. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURE 1. General habitus of males of the genus Hylebainosoma: above—H. tatranum (Slovakia, Low Tatras Mts., Jánska Valley), in the middle—H. tatranum (Slovakia, Cerová vrchovina Mts., Nyáryho Cave), below—H. gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Muránska planina Mts., Michňová Cave). Material fixed in ethanol. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 20 in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURE 20. Hylebainosoma tatranum, female (Slovakia, Tatra Mts., Tomanova Valley), undivided vulvae. Fig. 20a: Ventral view, Fig. 20b: Ventro-anterior view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: b: Bursa, op: Operculum, ps: Postvulval structures.

FIGURE 38. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURE 38. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Michňová Cave), female. Vulvae in (a) ventral and (b) posterior view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: b: Bursa, op: Operculum, psl: Postvulval lateral process, psm: Medial postvulval process.

FIGURES 16–19 in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 16–19. Hylebainosoma tatranum: Figs. 16–18: Male (Slovakia, Tatra Mts., Tomanova Valley), Fig. 19: Female (Slovakia, Slovak karst, Diviačia Chasm). SEM photos. Fig. 16: 9th pair of legs with coxal process curved posteriorly, anterior view, Fig. 17: Detail of coxal process of the 9th pair of legs, ventro-lateral view, Fig. 18: 10th pair of legs, anterior view, Fig. 19: Vulvae in ventral view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: b: Bursa, cp: Coxal process, lp: Ladle-like process, op: Operculum, ps: Postvulval structures, ss: Sperm sacs.

FIGURES 28–32. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 28–32. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Michňová Cave), male. Fig. 28: Right gonopod, lateral view, Fig. 29: Right gonopod, medial view, Fig. 30: Unpaired medial plate, lateral view, Fig. 31: Anterior view of the 9th pair of legs, Fig. 32: Anterior view of the 10th leg pair. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviations: cp: Coxal process, hp: Hyaline process, lp: Ladle-like processes, ss: Sperm sac, t: Fimbriated tip, wp: Wide hook-like process, xp: Xyphoid processes.

FIGURES 22–27. Hylebainosoma gulickai n in The genus Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Haaseidae): Redescription of Hylebainosoma tatranum, description of a new troglobiont species and notes to the Hylebainosoma – Romanosoma species group

FIGURES 22–27. Hylebainosoma gulickai n. sp. (Slovakia, Michňová Cave), male. SEM photos. Fig. 22: Complex of gonopods, latero-anterior view, Fig. 23: Gonopods, anterior view, Fig. 24: Gonopods, lateral view from right, Fig. 25: Gonopods, posterior view, Fig. 26: Left gonopod, median view without median plate, Fig. 27: Complex of gonopods, ventral view. Scale bar: 100 Μm. Abbreviation: mp: Median plate.