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Figure 23-25. Distributions. 23 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 23-25. Distributions. 23) Distribution of the "minor" orders. Star/Circled Areas, Siphonocryptida (Colobognatha); Dots, Siphoniulida (Helminthomorpha incertae sedis). 24) Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) distributions of the Subterclass Eugnatha showing the locations of significant fossils. The arrow points to the Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA, record of Chordeumatida (Tingupidae). Inverted triangle, approximate location of Gobiulus sabulosus Dzik, 1975, the Cretaceous spirobolidan fossil from Mongolia; Asterisk, location of Protosilvestria sculpta, the Oligocene cambalidean fossil in Quercy, France (Mauriès 1992). 25) Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) distributions of the Superorder Juliformia showing the locations of significant fossils. Parameters as in Fig. 1 except no records or samples are available from the dotted area in North America, the Great Basin Physiographic Province, western USA. Inverted triangle, approximate location of Gobiulus sabulosus Dzik, 1975, the Cretaceous spirobolidan fossil from Mongolia; Asterisk, location of Protosilvestria sculpta, the Oligocene cambalidean fossil in Quercy, France (Mauriès 1992). The question mark indicates the generalized record of Epinannolenidea from Northern Territory, Australia (Black 1997).

Figure 14-15. Distributions. 14 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 14-15. Distributions. 14) Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) distributions of the Infraclass Helminthomorpha showing the locations of significant fossils, parameters as in Fig. 1. It differs from that of the Subclass Chilognatha (Fig. 5) in the imperceptibly shorter length along the southern coast of Western Australia, the only place where Pentazonia have been taken without helminthomorphs. Upright triangle, site of Archidesmus macnioli Peach, 1887, the oldest fossil, from Silurian deposits in Scotland; Inverted triangle, approximate location of Gobiulus sabulosus Dzik, 1975, the Cretaceous spirobolidan fossil from Mongolia; Asterisk, location of Protosilvestria sculpta, the Oligocene cambalidean fossil in Quercy, France (Mauriès 1992). 15) Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) distribution of the Subterclass Colobognatha. The question marks in Australia represent generalized records from Northern Territory, South Australia, and "Upper Western Australia" by Black (1997). Some point localities probably represent the ubiquitous, introduced polyzoniidan (Siphonotidae), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894).

Figure 10 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 10. Distributions of Oniscomorpha and Glomerida in North America/the Western Hemisphere. Star, site of the non-spinose fossil from Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA..

Figure 7-9. Distributions. 7 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 7-9. Distributions. 7) Distributions of the Superorder Limacomorpha and the order Glomeridesmida, at present excluding the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The arrow denotes the new record from Fiji (Appendix). 8) Distribution of the Superorder Oniscomorpha. Star, site of the non-spinose Carboniferous fossil from Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA. 9) Distribution of the Order Glomerida, parameters as in Fig. 1, 6.

Figure 5-6. Distributions. 5 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 5-6. Distributions. 5)Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) indigenous distributions of the Subclass Chilognatha showing the locations of significant fossils, parameters as in Fig. 1. It is essentially identical to that of the Infraclass Helminthomorpha (Fig. 14), the only difference being imperceptibly greater eastward expansion for Chilognatha on the southern coast of Western Australia. At present, this is the only place in the world where the Infraclass Pentazonia (Fig. 6) influences the overall distribution of a higher diplopod taxon. Upright triangle, site of Archidesmus macnioli Peach, 1887, the oldest helminthomorph fossil, from Silurian deposits in Scotland; Star, site of the non-spinose oniscomorph pentazonian Carboniferous fossil at Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA; Inverted triangle, approximate location of Gobiulus sabulosus Dzik, 1975, the Cretaceous spirobolidan fossil from Mongolia; Asterisk, location of Protosilvestria sculpta, the Oligocene cambalidean fossil in Quercy, France (Mauriès 1992). 6) Distribution of the Infraclass Pentazonia, which presently excludes the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The question mark represents the unconfirmed Oniscomorpha (Sphaerotheriida) record from Papua New Guinea (Attems 1943), and the arrow denotes the new Limacomorpha/Glomeridesmida locality in Fiji (Appendix). Star, site of the non-spinose oniscomorph Carboniferous fossil at Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA.

Figure 1 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 1. Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) indigenous distributions of the Diplopoda showing locations of significant fossils. The solid line in southern South America shows the extent of diplopod samplings and known occurrences, but we project the organisms for uninvestigated areas south of the southernmost records, in Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile, and Santa Cruz Prov., Argentina, the unsubstantiated record of the polyxenid from the last (Mauriès 1998), Propolyxenus patagonicus (Silvestri, 1903), being indicated by the question mark. Except for records from Kodiak Island, Alaska (Chordeumatida) (left arrow), the Hawaiian Islands (Cambalidea), and the Federal Republic of the Marshall Islands (Polyxenida) (right arrow), oceanic islands and archipelagos harboring ostensibly indigenous forms are grouped with the continent with apparent faunal affinity; the Cape Verde Islands are combined with both Africa and Europe because of dual affinities, Spirostreptidea and Glomerida/ Julida, respectively. Only a few records and samples, especially of Chilognatha, are available from the dotted areas in Africa and North America; no extant records and samples are available from those in Eurasia and South America. The southeast Asian area encircled by triangles is the only place where all 16 orders occur indigenously. Upright triangle, site of Archidesmus macnioli Peach, 1887, the oldest helminthomorph fossil, from Silurian deposits in Scotland; Star, site of the non-spinose oniscomorph pentazonian Carboniferous fossil at Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA; Inverted triangle, approximate location of Gobiulus sabulosus Dzik, 1975, the Cretaceous spirobolidan fossil in Mongolia; Asterisk, location of Protosilvestria sculpta, the Oligocene cambalidean fossil from Quercy, France (Mauriès 1992).

Figure 3 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class

Figure 3. Known (solid lines) and projected (dashed lines) indigenous distributions of the Subclass Penicillata and Order Polyxenida. The arrow denotes the record from the Federal Republic of the Marshall Islands; the upright question mark (?) denotes the unsubstantiated record of Propolyxenus patagonicus (Silvestri, 1903) from Santa Cruz Prov., Argentina (Mauriès 1998); and the inverted question mark (¿) indicates uncertain occurrence on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Other parameters as in Fig. 1. Too few records exist from Canada to project a northern boundary in North America, and the isolated record from central Asia (Kyrgyzstan) is too distant to be combined with an area where records cluster. No records are available from the dotted areas in India and North America, and the only one from that in Africa is Chilexenus schultzei (Attems, 1909) from Botswana (Hamer 1998).

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Simulation data for "Phylogenetic analysis of migration, differentiation, and class switching in B cells"

Simulation data for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.124446. Scripts available at: https://bitbucket.org/kleinstein/projects/src/master/Hoehn2020/ data_twostate.tsv: AIRR TSV file of data used for simulations trees_twostate.RData: Tree topologies used to simulate migration simulations.tar.gz: Files used in simulation analyses. File names show: <rate (r)>_<rate A to B (r_ab)>_<pi_A>_<repetition> laddersims.tar.gz: Files used in ladder tree simulation analyses. File names show: <rate (r)>_<rate A to B (r_ab)>_<pi_A>_<number of tips>_<number of trees>_<repetition>

Figures 75–79. Habitus images. 75 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 75–79. Habitus images. 75) Sepedophilus cinctulus (Erichson) (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae). 76) Sepedophilus occultus (Casey) (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae). 77) Hymenorus sp. (female) (Tenebrionidae). 78) Strongylium crenatum Mäklin (Tenebrionidae). 79) Aulonothroscus distans Blanchard (Throscidae).

Figures 51–56. Habitus images. 51 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 51–56. Habitus images. 51) Priobium sericeum (Say) (Ptinidae: Anobiinae). 52) Dendroides canadensis Latreille (Pyrochroidae). 53) Dendroides concolor (Newman) (Pyrochroidae). 54) Clinidium baldufi Bell (Rhysodidae). 55) Rhinosimus viridiaeneus (Randall) (Salpingidae). 56) Aleocharinae gen. sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae).

Figures 69–74. Habitus images. 69 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 69–74. Habitus images. 69) Trimioplectus obsoletus Brendel (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). 70) Euconnus (Napochus) sp. (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). 71) Euconnus (Scopophus) n. sp. (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). 72) Euconnus (Scopophus) sp. (Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). 73) Hesperus apicialis (Say) (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). 74) Sepedophilus brachypterus Campbell (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae).

Figures 45–50. Habitus images. 45 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 45–50. Habitus images. 45) Dircaea liturata (LeConte) (Melandryidae). 46) Hypulus simulator Newman (Melandryidae). 47) Ptiliidae gen. sp. (Ptiliidae). 48) Acrotrichis sp. (Ptiliidae: Acrotrichinae). 49) Pteryx sp. (Ptiliidae: Ptiliinae). 50) Oligomerus obtusus LeConte (Ptinidae: Anobiinae).

Figures 27–32. Habitus images. 27 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 27–32. Habitus images. 27) Apteromechus ferratus (Say) (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). 28) Cophes fallax (LeConte) (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). 29) Dryophthorus americanus (Bedel) (Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae). 30) Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). 31) Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). 32) Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

Figures 9–14. Habitus images. 9 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 9–14. Habitus images. 9) Dicerca divaricata (Say) (Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae). 10) Gastrellarius honestus (Say) (Carabidae: Harpalinae). 11) Mioptachys flavicauda (Say) (Carabidae: Trechinae). 12) Eupogonius pauper LeConte (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). 13) Leptostylus transversus (Gyllenhal) (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). 14) Microgoes oculatus (LeConte) (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae).

Figures 2–7. 2 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 2–7. 2) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: CWD; c: FWD.3) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: primary forest; c: secondary forest. 4) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: 2007; c: 2006. 5) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: CWD2; c: CWD3-4; d: CWD1; e: FWD1; f: FWD2. 6) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: primary FWD2; c: primary FWD1; d: secondary FWD1; e: secondary FWD2. 7) Species accumulation curves for a: total; b: primary CWD2; c: primary CWD3–4; d: primary CWD1; e: secondary CWD1; f: secondary CWD2; g: secondary CWD3–4.

Figures 21–26. Habitus images. 21 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 21–26. Habitus images. 21) Ceracis singularis (Dury) (Ciidae). 22) Octotemnus laevis Casey (Ciidae). 23) Atomaria sp. (Cryptophagidae). 24) Cryptophagus sp. (Cryptophagidae). 25) Caulophilus dubius (Horn) (Curculionidae: Cossoninae). 26) Stenoscelis brevis (Boheman) (Curculionidae: Cossoninae).

Figures 39–44. Habitus images. 39 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 39–44. Habitus images. 39) Isarthrus rufipes (Melsheimer) (Eucnemidae). 40) Isorhipis obliqua (Say) (Eucnemidae). 41) Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer (Eucnemidae). 42) Microrhagus subsinuatus LeConte (Eucnemidae). 43) Bacanius tantillus LeConte (Histeridae). 44) Agathidium sp. (female) (Leiodidae: Leiodinae).

Figures 63–68. Habitus images. 63 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 63–68. Habitus images. 63) Thoracophorus costalis (Erichson) (Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). 64) Adranes lecontei Brendel (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). 65) Batrisodes sp. (female) (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). 66) Leptoplectus pertenuis (Casey) (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). 67) Pycnoplectus sp. (female) (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). 68) Sonoma sp. (female) (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae).

Figures 57–62. Habitus images. 57 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 57–62. Habitus images. 57) Athetini sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). 58) Atheta sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). 59) Leptusa carolinensis Pace (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). 60) Leptusa cribratula (Casey) (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). 61) Leptusa pusio (Casey) (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). 62) Leptusa sp. (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae).

Figures 33–38. Habitus images. 33 in Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Figures 33–38. Habitus images. 33) Xyloterinus politus (Say) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). 34) Ampedus areolatus (Say) (Elateridae). 35) Ampedus luteolus (LeConte) (Elateridae). 36) Ampedus semicinctus (Randall) (Elateridae). 37) Bystus ulkei (Crotch) (Endomychidae). 38) Tohlezkus inexpectus Vit (Eucinetidae).