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Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a. lasiotus Gray, 1867 — Russia (Southern Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Ussuri/Amur river region of the Russian Far East), NE China, North Korea, and Japan (Hokkaido). U. a. middendorffi Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak Island & nearby islands). U. a. pruinosus Blyth, 1853 — Tibetan Plateau, China, N Nepal. U. a. sitkensis Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (Alexander Archipelago & adjacent coastal area). U. a. stikeenensis Merriam, 1914 — W Canada (W British Columbia), and formerly W USA (W Washington and Oregon). U. a. syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 — Middle East, from Turkey to Iran (extirpated in Syria), Caucasus mountains of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. in Ursidae
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a. lasiotus Gray, 1867 — Russia (Southern Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Ussuri/Amur river region of the Russian Far East), NE China, North Korea, and Japan (Hokkaido). U. a. middendorffi Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak Island & nearby islands). U. a. pruinosus Blyth, 1853 — Tibetan Plateau, China, N Nepal. U. a. sitkensis Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (Alexander Archipelago & adjacent coastal area). U. a. stikeenensis Merriam, 1914 — W Canada (W British Columbia), and formerly W USA (W Washington and Oregon). U. a. syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 — Middle East, from Turkey to Iran (extirpated in Syria), Caucasus mountains of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. americanus Pallas, 1780 — Alaska to E Canada and E USA. U. a. altifrontalis Elliot, 1903 — Pacific coast USA and Canada (S British Columbia). U. a. amblyceps Baird, 1859 — SW USA. U. a. californiensisJ. Miller, 1900 — SW USA (interior California). U. a. carlottae Osgood, 1901 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is). U. a. cinnamomum Audubon & Bachman, 1854 — Rocky Mts of Canada and USA. U. a. emmonsu Dall, 1895 — SE Alaska. U. a. eremicus Merriam, 1904 — E Mexico. U. a. floridanus Merriam, 1896 — SE USA (Florida). U. a. hamilton: Cameron, 1957 — E Canada (Newfoundland). U. a. kermodei Hornaday, 1905 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia). U. a. luteolus Griffith, 1821 — S USA (Louisiana). U. a. machetes Elliot, 1903 — W Mexico. U. a. pernigerJ. A. Allen, 1910 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). U. a. pugnax Swarth, 1911 — islands of SE Alaska. U. a. vancouver: Hall, 1928 — SW Canada (Vancouver I). in Ursidae
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. americanus Pallas, 1780 — Alaska to E Canada and E USA. U. a. altifrontalis Elliot, 1903 — Pacific coast USA and Canada (S British Columbia). U. a. amblyceps Baird, 1859 — SW USA. U. a. californiensisJ. Miller, 1900 — SW USA (interior California). U. a. carlottae Osgood, 1901 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is). U. a. cinnamomum Audubon & Bachman, 1854 — Rocky Mts of Canada and USA. U. a. emmonsu Dall, 1895 — SE Alaska. U. a. eremicus Merriam, 1904 — E Mexico. U. a. floridanus Merriam, 1896 — SE USA (Florida). U. a. hamilton: Cameron, 1957 — E Canada (Newfoundland). U. a. kermodei Hornaday, 1905 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia). U. a. luteolus Griffith, 1821 — S USA (Louisiana). U. a. machetes Elliot, 1903 — W Mexico. U. a. pernigerJ. A. Allen, 1910 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). U. a. pugnax Swarth, 1911 — islands of SE Alaska. U. a. vancouver: Hall, 1928 — SW Canada (Vancouver I).
Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand. in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand.
Subspecies and Distribution. M. p. pennanti Exxleben, 1777 — E Canada and NE USA. M. p. columbiana Goldman, 1935 — W Canada and and USA (Rocky Mts). M. p. pacifica Rhoads, 1898 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia) and W USA. in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. p. pennanti Exxleben, 1777 — E Canada and NE USA. M. p. columbiana Goldman, 1935 — W Canada and and USA (Rocky Mts). M. p. pacifica Rhoads, 1898 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia) and W USA.
Subspecies and Distribution. T. t. taxus Schreber, 1778 — S Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario & Saskatschewan) and NC USA. T. t. berlandieri Baird, 1858 — N & C Mexico and SC USA (W of the Mississippi River). T. t. jacksoni Schantz, 1946 — NE USA (Great Lakes Region). T. t. jeffersonii Harlan, 1825 — W USA (NW to California). in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T. t. taxus Schreber, 1778 — S Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario & Saskatschewan) and NC USA. T. t. berlandieri Baird, 1858 — N & C Mexico and SC USA (W of the Mississippi River). T. t. jacksoni Schantz, 1946 — NE USA (Great Lakes Region). T. t. jeffersonii Harlan, 1825 — W USA (NW to California).
Subspecies and Distribution. M. a. americana Turton, 1806 — E Canada (Ontario & Quebec) anf NE USA. M. a. abietinoides Gray, 1865 — SW Canada (C British Columbia & SW Alberta) and NW USA (N Montana & Idaho). M. a. actuosa Osgood, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (N Alberta, N British Catan, Northwest Territories & Yukon). M. a. atrata Bangs, 1897 — NE Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). M. a. caurina Merriam, 1890 — W Canada (W British Columbia) and USA (S Alaska & W Washington). M. a. humboldtensis Grinnell & Dixon, 1926 — SW USA (NW California). M. a. kenaiensis Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). M. a. nesophila Osgood, 1901 — SW Alaska and W Canada (islands off British Columbia, and perhaps along nearby mainland). in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. a. americana Turton, 1806 — E Canada (Ontario & Quebec) anf NE USA. M. a. abietinoides Gray, 1865 — SW Canada (C British Columbia & SW Alberta) and NW USA (N Montana & Idaho). M. a. actuosa Osgood, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (N Alberta, N British Catan, Northwest Territories & Yukon). M. a. atrata Bangs, 1897 — NE Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). M. a. caurina Merriam, 1890 — W Canada (W British Columbia) and USA (S Alaska & W Washington). M. a. humboldtensis Grinnell & Dixon, 1926 — SW USA (NW California). M. a. kenaiensis Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). M. a. nesophila Osgood, 1901 — SW Alaska and W Canada (islands off British Columbia, and perhaps along nearby mainland).
Subspecies and Distribution. B. b. bison Linnaeus, 1758 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada (British Columbia & Saskatchewan), W USA (Alaska, Montana, Utah & Wyoming), and extreme N Mexico (Chihuahua). B. b. athabascae Rhoads, 1898 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada. in Bovidae
Subspecies and Distribution. B. b. bison Linnaeus, 1758 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada (British Columbia & Saskatchewan), W USA (Alaska, Montana, Utah & Wyoming), and extreme N Mexico (Chihuahua). B. b. athabascae Rhoads, 1898 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada.
A deglacial hazard cascade exemplified by the landslide, tsunami and outburst flood at Elliot Creek, Southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada
<p>We describe and model the evolution of a recent landslide and outburst flood in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. About 18 Mm<sup>3</sup> of rock descended 1000 m from a steep valley wall and traveled across the toe of a glacier before entering a 0.6 km<sup>2</sup> glacier lake and producing a >100-m high wave. Water overtopped the lake outlet and scoured a 10-km long channel before depositing debris on a 2 km<sup>2</sup> fan below the lake outlet. Floodwater, organic detritus, and fine sediment entered a fjord where it produced a 70-km long turbidity current and altered turbidity, water temperature, and water chemistry for weeks. The outburst flood destroyed forest and culturally significant salmon spawning and rearing habitat. Physically based models of the landslide, the displacement wave, and the flood provide real-time simulations of the event and can improve understanding of similar hazard cascades and the risk they pose.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).
Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g. lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada). in Mephitidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g. lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada).
Subspecies and Distribution. M.y.yumanensisH.Allen,1864—WUSAandWMexicofromextremeW&SNe-vada,portionsofUtahandColorado,SthroughmostofBajaCaliforniaandtoCDurango,EtopanhandleofOklahomaandStoDelRio,Texas. M.y.lambiBenson,1947—NWMexico,knownonlyfromSanIgnacio,BajaCalifornia. M. y. lutosus G. S. Miller & G. M. Allen, 1928 — C Mexico from Sinaloa and S Zacatecas to Morelos. M.y.oxalisDalquest,1947—WUSA,inCentralValleyofCalifornia. M.y.saturatusG.S.Miller1897—SWCanadainCBritishColumbiaandthroughcoastalandcentralrangesofWestCoasttoMexicanborder. M. y. sociabilis H. W. Grinnell, 1914 — from SW Canada in SE British Columbia and W Montana W to C Washington and Oregon, and then S to NE California in W USA. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.y.yumanensisH.Allen,1864—WUSAandWMexicofromextremeW&SNe-vada,portionsofUtahandColorado,SthroughmostofBajaCaliforniaandtoCDurango,EtopanhandleofOklahomaandStoDelRio,Texas. M.y.lambiBenson,1947—NWMexico,knownonlyfromSanIgnacio,BajaCalifornia. M. y. lutosus G. S. Miller & G. M. Allen, 1928 — C Mexico from Sinaloa and S Zacatecas to Morelos. M.y.oxalisDalquest,1947—WUSA,inCentralValleyofCalifornia. M.y.saturatusG.S.Miller1897—SWCanadainCBritishColumbiaandthroughcoastalandcentralrangesofWestCoasttoMexicanborder. M. y. sociabilis H. W. Grinnell, 1914 — from SW Canada in SE British Columbia and W Montana W to C Washington and Oregon, and then S to NE California in W USA.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.e.evotisH.Allen,1864—coastalSWUSA(CW&SWCalifornia). M. e. chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896 — SW Canada (SE British Columbia, S Alberta, and S Saskatchewan) and W USA (most of Montana, W & NE North Dakota, NW South Dakota, SE Oregon, S Idaho, Wyoming, inland California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and extreme N New Mexico). M. e. jonesorum Manning, 1993 — SW USA (N & E Arizona and W New Mexico). M. e. micronyx Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — NW Mexico (N Baja California). M. e. milleri Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (S Baja California). M. e. pacificus Dalquest, 1943 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia and Vancouver I), and NW USA (Washington, most of Oregon, N Idaho, NW Montana, and NW California). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.e.evotisH.Allen,1864—coastalSWUSA(CW&SWCalifornia). M. e. chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896 — SW Canada (SE British Columbia, S Alberta, and S Saskatchewan) and W USA (most of Montana, W & NE North Dakota, NW South Dakota, SE Oregon, S Idaho, Wyoming, inland California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and extreme N New Mexico). M. e. jonesorum Manning, 1993 — SW USA (N & E Arizona and W New Mexico). M. e. micronyx Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — NW Mexico (N Baja California). M. e. milleri Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (S Baja California). M. e. pacificus Dalquest, 1943 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia and Vancouver I), and NW USA (Washington, most of Oregon, N Idaho, NW Montana, and NW California).
Subspecies and Distribution. M.v.volansH.Allen,1866—NWMexico(BajaCalifornia). M.v.amotusG.S.Miller,1914—SCMex-ico. M.v.interiorG.S.Miller,1914-SCCan-ada(SSaskatchewan),W&CUSA(SEWashington,EOregon,Idaho,Montana,WNorthDakota,WSouthDakota,Wyoming,E&SCalifornia,Nevada,Utah,Colorado,WNebraska,Arizona,NewMexico,andW&NTexas),andNMexico. M. v. longicrus True, 1886 — W Canada (SW Yukon, British Columbia including Vancouver I, and S Alberta) and W USA (extreme SW Alaska, Washington, W Oregon, and NW & WC California). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.v.volansH.Allen,1866—NWMexico(BajaCalifornia). M.v.amotusG.S.Miller,1914—SCMex-ico. M.v.interiorG.S.Miller,1914-SCCan-ada(SSaskatchewan),W&CUSA(SEWashington,EOregon,Idaho,Montana,WNorthDakota,WSouthDakota,Wyoming,E&SCalifornia,Nevada,Utah,Colorado,WNebraska,Arizona,NewMexico,andW&NTexas),andNMexico. M. v. longicrus True, 1886 — W Canada (SW Yukon, British Columbia including Vancouver I, and S Alberta) and W USA (extreme SW Alaska, Washington, W Oregon, and NW & WC California).
Distribution. Widely in North America, from SE British Columbia (Canada) S through W & C USA to C Mexico. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Widely in North America, from SE British Columbia (Canada) S through W & C USA to C Mexico.
Distribution. Restricted in coastal Pacific Northwest, from extreme SE Alaska S along British Columbia, including Haida Gwaii and Vancouver I (Canada), to NW Washington (USA). in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Restricted in coastal Pacific Northwest, from extreme SE Alaska S along British Columbia, including Haida Gwaii and Vancouver I (Canada), to NW Washington (USA).
Subspecies and Distribution. L.f.frantziiPeters,1870—CostaRicaandPanama. L. f. teliotis H. Allen, 1891 — SW Canada (extreme S British Columbia, S Alberta, and S Saskatchewan), W USA, and Mexico (including Marias Is off Nayarit) S to Nicaragua. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L.f.frantziiPeters,1870—CostaRicaandPanama. L. f. teliotis H. Allen, 1891 — SW Canada (extreme S British Columbia, S Alberta, and S Saskatchewan), W USA, and Mexico (including Marias Is off Nayarit) S to Nicaragua.
Distribution. From Canada (S British Columbia, SE Northwest Territories, Hudson Bay, Quebec, and Newfoundland) S throughout the USA and Mexico to W Guatemala; also on Hawaii. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. From Canada (S British Columbia, SE Northwest Territories, Hudson Bay, Quebec, and Newfoundland) S throughout the USA and Mexico to W Guatemala; also on Hawaii.
Distribution. From British Columbia in SW Canada and Montana and Wyoming in NW USA S to Querétaro in C Mexico. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. From British Columbia in SW Canada and Montana and Wyoming in NW USA S to Querétaro in C Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. townsendii Cooper, 1837 — broadly distributed from SW Canada (British Columbia including Vancouver I) S along Pacific coast of USA to coastal regions of Sonoran Desert in Mexico, and E to Colorado Plateau and Black Hills. C. t. australis Handley, 1955 — SC USA (W Texas) S across mountains of N & C Mexico and Chihuahuan Desert to Oaxaca. C. t. ingens Handley, 1955 — S Missouri, E Oklahoma, and NW Arkansas (C USA). C. t. pallescens G. S. Miller, 1897 — S Wyoming or N Colorado S to New Mexico (USA). C. t. virgitnianus Handley, 1955 — C Appalachian Highlands in E Kentucky, W Virginia, and West Virginia (E USA). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. townsendii Cooper, 1837 — broadly distributed from SW Canada (British Columbia including Vancouver I) S along Pacific coast of USA to coastal regions of Sonoran Desert in Mexico, and E to Colorado Plateau and Black Hills. C. t. australis Handley, 1955 — SC USA (W Texas) S across mountains of N & C Mexico and Chihuahuan Desert to Oaxaca. C. t. ingens Handley, 1955 — S Missouri, E Oklahoma, and NW Arkansas (C USA). C. t. pallescens G. S. Miller, 1897 — S Wyoming or N Colorado S to New Mexico (USA). C. t. virgitnianus Handley, 1955 — C Appalachian Highlands in E Kentucky, W Virginia, and West Virginia (E USA).
Distribution. Patchily distributed from SW USA (SE Nevada, S Utah, and S Colorado) to S Mexico, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola), and South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; it probably also occurs in French Guiana. Extralimital records are reported as far N as SW Canada (British Columbia). in Molossidae
Distribution. Patchily distributed from SW USA (SE Nevada, S Utah, and S Colorado) to S Mexico, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola), and South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; it probably also occurs in French Guiana. Extralimital records are reported as far N as SW Canada (British Columbia).
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.