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Fig. 1 in Earliest Eutherian Ear Region: A Petrosal Referred to Prokennalestes from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

Fig. 1. Three views of right petrosal referred to Prokennalestes trofimovi, PSSMAE 136. A, D, Ventral view. B, E, Dorsal view. C, F, Lateral view. Given that the petrosal is both isolated and incomplete, providing the precise orientation for the bone in the complete skull is difficult. One estimate is shown here. Scale = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Cearachelys placidoi, n in Cearachelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Fig. 4. Cearachelys placidoi, n. gen. & sp., TUTg 1798, Santana Formation, Santana do Cariri, Brazil. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. See fig. 5 for key.

Fig. 1. Cearachelys placidoi, n in Cearachelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Fig. 1. Cearachelys placidoi, n. gen. & sp., Santana Formation, early Cretaceous, Ceará State, Brazil. Restoration of skull based on MPSC specimen and TUTg 1798. Dorsal (left), ventral (right), and lateral (center) views.

Fig. 2. Cearachelys placidoi, n in Cearachelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Fig. 2. Cearachelys placidoi, n. gen. & sp., MPSC specimen, holotype, Santana Formation, Santana do Cariri, Brazil. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. See fig. 3 for key.

Figure 8 in Washington State (USA) trigoniids (Bivalvia) from the conglomerate of Patterson Lake (Early Cretaceous)

Figure 8 (left). Parvitrigonia cooperi n. gen. et sp. A, B. UWBM 112557 from UWBM loc. B-9487. Paratype. Natural mudstone cast, RV, complete except for posterior terminus (dotted area). A. Flank view showing general outline. Costae mildly eroded. B. Dorsal view showing fine growth lines on area/escutcheon. C, D. UWBM 112558 from UWBM loc. B-9486. Holotype. Slightly crushed natural mudstone cast of articulated valves. Missing area and escutcheon (dotted area). C. RV with some shell remaining, flank view, showing wavy costae anteriorly. D. LV, flank view, showing flattopped costae. Scale bar = 5 mm

Figure 10. Earlpackardia methowensis n in Washington State (USA) trigoniids (Bivalvia) from the conglomerate of Patterson Lake (Early Cretaceous)

Figure 10. Earlpackardia methowensis n. sp., holotype UWBM 112559 from UWBM loc. 9486. A. Flank view. Dotted line indicates proposed reconstruction of missing shell based on growth lines. B. Oblique view demonstrating the umbo, marginal carina, unornamented area, and escutcheon. C. Dorsal view demonstrating the pointed beak and degree of inflation. D. Oblique dorsal view showing the incurved umbo, unornamented area, and escutcheon. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 7 in Washington State (USA) trigoniids (Bivalvia) from the conglomerate of Patterson Lake (Early Cretaceous)

Figure 7. Notoscabrotrigonia oregana (Packard, 1921) UWBM 112553 from UWBM loc. 9486. Silicone cast of an external mold. Flank view of RV. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 9. Parvitrigonia cooperi n in Washington State (USA) trigoniids (Bivalvia) from the conglomerate of Patterson Lake (Early Cretaceous)

Figure 9. Parvitrigonia cooperi n. gen. et sp. UWBM 115724 from UWBM loc. B-9541. Paratype. Complete natural sandstone cast of undistorted RV. Because of coarse matrix, fine detail is not well-shown. A. Flank view showing general outline of entire shell. B. Dorsal view showing overall shape of area/escutcheon and degree of shell inflation. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 5 a in Latest Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Dasycladalean Algae (Chlorophyta) From The Morand Drilling At Montricher (Canton Of Vaud, Switzerland)

Fig. 5 a to p (scale bar: 250 µm): a random section of Terquemella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 107; b random section of Terquemella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 128; c subtransverse section of Deloffrella hauteriviana, " Pierre jaune", Lower Hauterivian, sample 171; d section of a lateral of Rajkaella minima, Vions Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 287; e section of a lateral of Rajkaella minima, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 312; f subtransverse section of Salpingoporella steinhauseri, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 307; g oblique section of Salpingoporella steinhauseri, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 307; h tangential section of Salpingoporella steinhauseri, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 307; i oblique section of a verticil of Actinoporella sp. (note: the corona structure is visible), Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 301; j oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 310; k subaxial section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 310; l oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 310; m subtransverse section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 309; n oblique section of Clypeina aff. parasolkani (two fertile verticils visible), transition Vions - Pierre Châtel formations, Middle-Upper Berriasian, sample 291.8; o subaxial section of Clypeina aff. parasolkani (three fertile verticils visible), transition Vions - Pierre Châtel formations, Middle-Upper Berriasian, sample 291.8; p oblique section of Otternstella lemmensis, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317

Fig. 3 a in Latest Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Dasycladalean Algae (Chlorophyta) From The Morand Drilling At Montricher (Canton Of Vaud, Switzerland)

Fig. 3 a to l (scale bar: 500 µm): a oblique section of Zergabriella embergeri, Chambotte Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 253; b oblique section of Triploporella? praturloni, "Calcaires roux", Lower Valanginian, sample 241; c oblique section of Triploporella? praturloni, "Calcaires roux", Lower Valanginian, sample 241.60; d tangential section of Zergabriella embergeri, Vions Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 258; e transverse section of Zergabriella embergeri, Chambotte Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 253; f oblique section of a verticil of Selliporella neocomiensis, transition Vions - Pierre Châtel formations, Middle-Upper Berriasian, sample 291.80; g oblique section of Falsolikanella danilovae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 116; h subaxial section of a verticil of Falsolikanella danilovae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 107; i oblique section of Dissocladella intercedens "Calcaires roux", Lower Valanginian, sample 241.60; j tangential section of a verticil of Clypeina sulcata, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317; k oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina sulcata, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317; l random sections of verticils of Clypeina sulcata, Pierre Châtel

Fig. 6 a in Latest Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Dasycladalean Algae (Chlorophyta) From The Morand Drilling At Montricher (Canton Of Vaud, Switzerland)

Fig. 6 a to o (scale bar: 250 µm): a oblique section of Salpingoporella annulata, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317; b oblique section of Salpingoporella annulata, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317; c subtransverse section of Salpingoporella annulata, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 317; d oblique section of Falsolikanella campanensis, Vions Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 270; e deep tangential section of Pseudoactinoporella fragilis, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 101; f oblique section of Pseudoactinoporella fragilis, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 107; g oblique section of Conradella bakalovae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 134; h oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 309; i oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 293; j oblique section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 293; k subaxial section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 309; l subtransverse section of a verticil of Clypeina parasolkani, Pierre Châtel Formation, Middle Berriasian, sample 309; m deep tangential section of Deloffrella quercifoliipora, Vions Fm, Upper Berriasian, sample 271; n random section of Cymopolia sp. or Neomeris sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 115; o oblique section of Angioporella fouryae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 129

Fig. 7 a in Latest Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Dasycladalean Algae (Chlorophyta) From The Morand Drilling At Montricher (Canton Of Vaud, Switzerland)

Fig. 7 a to o (scale bar: 250 µm): a tangential to oblique section of Salpingoporella muehlbergii, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 42; b transverse section of Salpingoporella muehlbergii, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 42; c oblique section of Salpingoporella muehlbergii, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 42; d oblique section of Salpingoporella genevensis, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 40; e oblique section of Suppiluliumaella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 96; f oblique section of Suppiluliumaella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 96; g oblique section of Suppiluliumaella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 96; h oblique section of a verticil of Falsolikanella danilovae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 116; i transverse section of Salpingoporella melitae, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 42; j oblique section of Cylindroporella sp., "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 71; k oblique section of Salpingoporella heraldica, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 115; l oblique section of Angioporella fouryae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 115; m subtransverse section of Suppiluliumaella sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 96; n tangential section of a sterile verticil of Angioporella fouryae, "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 115; o tangential section of a verticil of Pseudoclypeina sp., "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 72; p to u (scale bar: 500 µm): p oblique section of Deloffrella hauteriviana, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 37.85; q subtransverse section of Dissocladella? sp., "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 90; r oblique section of Deloffrella hauteriviana, "Urgonien blanc", Upper Hauterivian, sample 37.85; s axial section of Oroseina sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 114; t random section of Oroseina sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 112; u tangential section of Oroseina sp., "Urgonien jaune", Upper Hauterivian, sample 112.

Fig. 1 in Latest Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Dasycladalean Algae (Chlorophyta) From The Morand Drilling At Montricher (Canton Of Vaud, Switzerland)

Fig. 1 Location map. Montricher and Éclépens are two localities at the foot of the Swiss Jura mountains.

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Text-fig. 3. Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS), locality Chrtníky (Early Turonian), no. NM-O7620, a – general view of two specimens attached to a lychniscosan sponge Diplodictyon heteromorphum. Length of the sponge is 60 mm. b – detail of the tubes. Length of the left tube is 5.4 mm. The diameter of the aperture is 1.2 mm. Length of the right tube is 6 mm without the looped posterior portion. The diameter of the aperture is 1.4 mm. Scale bars are 5 mm. in Filogranula Cincta (G , 1831), A Serpulid Worm (Polychaeta, Sedentaria, Serpulidae) From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 3. Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS), locality Chrtníky (Early Turonian), no. NM-O7620, a – general view of two specimens attached to a lychniscosan sponge Diplodictyon heteromorphum. Length of the sponge is 60 mm. b – detail of the tubes. Length of the left tube is 5.4 mm. The diameter of the aperture is 1.2 mm. Length of the right tube is 6 mm without the looped posterior portion. The diameter of the aperture is 1.4 mm. Scale bars are 5 mm.

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Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi). in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi).

Text-fig. 6. Most parsimonious tree obtained after addition of Acaciaephyllum to the data set of Doyle (2008), with modifications discussed in the text, and with relationships of other taxa fixed with a backbone constraint tree based on results of Doyle (2008). Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Acaciaephyllum is indicated as in Text-fig. 2. Gnet = Gnetales. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 6. Most parsimonious tree obtained after addition of Acaciaephyllum to the data set of Doyle (2008), with modifications discussed in the text, and with relationships of other taxa fixed with a backbone constraint tree based on results of Doyle (2008). Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Acaciaephyllum is indicated as in Text-fig. 2. Gnet = Gnetales.

Text-fig. 4. Most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Virginianthus (with "Liliacidites" minutus pollen) to the (A) D&E and (B) J/M trees. Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Virginianthus is indicated as in Text-fig. 2; abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 4. Most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Virginianthus (with "Liliacidites" minutus pollen) to the (A) D&E and (B) J/M trees. Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Virginianthus is indicated as in Text-fig. 2; abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1.

Text-fig. 2. Representative most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Liliacidites to (A) the D&E tree (Text-fig. 1) and (B) the J/M tree, with relationships among major clades based on the plastid genome analyses of Jansen et al. (2007) and Moore et al. (2007). Thicker lines indicate all most parsimonious (MP), one step less parsimonious (MP+1), and two step less parsimonious (MP+2) positions for Liliacidites. Abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 2. Representative most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Liliacidites to (A) the D&E tree (Text-fig. 1) and (B) the J/M tree, with relationships among major clades based on the plastid genome analyses of Jansen et al. (2007) and Moore et al. (2007). Thicker lines indicate all most parsimonious (MP), one step less parsimonious (MP+1), and two step less parsimonious (MP+2) positions for Liliacidites. Abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1.

Text-fig. 3. One of two most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Anacostia (with Similipollis pollen) to the D&E tree. Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Anacostia is indicated as in Text-fig. 2; abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 3. One of two most parsimonious trees obtained after addition of Anacostia (with Similipollis pollen) to the D&E tree. Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Anacostia is indicated as in Text-fig. 2; abbreviations as in Text-fig. 1.

Text-fig. 1. D&E tree of Endress and Doyle (2009), from the combined morphological and molecular analysis of Doyle and Endress (2000), with modifications based on more recent data, showing the inferred evolution of the reticulum grading character (39). Boxes under names of taxa indicate their character state; shading of branches indicates their reconstructed state based on parsimony optimization with MacClade (Maddison and Maddison 2003). Nymph = Nymphaeales, Aust = Austrobaileyales, Chlor = Chloranthaceae, Piper = Piperales, Ca = Canellales, Magnol = Magnoliales. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 1. D&E tree of Endress and Doyle (2009), from the combined morphological and molecular analysis of Doyle and Endress (2000), with modifications based on more recent data, showing the inferred evolution of the reticulum grading character (39). Boxes under names of taxa indicate their character state; shading of branches indicates their reconstructed state based on parsimony optimization with MacClade (Maddison and Maddison 2003). Nymph = Nymphaeales, Aust = Austrobaileyales, Chlor = Chloranthaceae, Piper = Piperales, Ca = Canellales, Magnol = Magnoliales.