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FIGURE 4 in A new species of Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes Heptapteridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Pimelodella yaharo, Colombia, Departamento La Guajira, Dibulla. A. Type locality, Río Jerez; B. Río Cañas.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes Heptapteridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Pimelodella yaharo in Río Jerez and Río Cañas, coastal drainages of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Black star: type locality; black circle: locality in Río Cañas.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes Heptapteridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

FIGURE 2. Ventral view of cleared and stained right pectoral-fin spine of a) Pimelodella yaharo, CZUT-IC 15262, paratype, 76.9 mm SL; b) Pimelodella chagresi, ANSP 151046, 76.3 mm SL; c) Pimelodella floridablancaensis, CZUT-IC 225, 91.4 mm SL; d) Pimelodella reyesi, CZUT-IC 17838, 88.6 mm SL; e) Pimelodella grisea, CZUT-IC 17825, 118.6 mm SL. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes Heptapteridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

FIGURE 1. Pimelodella yaharo, CZUT-IC 10922, holotype, 74.7 mm SL, Colombia, Departamento La Guajira, Dibulla, Río Jeréz. Left lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respecticvelly.

FIGURE 6 in Anew species of Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Tapajós basin, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Igarapé Bacabal, type locality of Imparfinis munduruku, Rio Tapajós, Jacareacanga, Pará State, Brazil.

FIGURE 2 in Anew species of Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Tapajós basin, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Caudal skeleton of Imparfinis munduruku, MPEG 26514, 35.0 mm SL, paratype. Abbreviations: CF, caudal artery foramen; EPU, epural; HU1+HU2, ventral hypural plate formed by coossification of hypurals 1 and 2; HA+HAS, complex hypurapophysis (hypurapophysis and secondary hypurapophysis fused); HU3+HU4, dorsal hypural plate formed by co-ossification of hypurals 3 and 4; HU5, hypural 5; PH, parhypural; PU1+U1, complex centrum composed of preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; PU2, preural centrum 2; UR, uroneural. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Anew species of Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Tapajós basin, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Cranium of Imparfinis munduruku, dorsal view, MPEG 26514, 35.0 mm SL, paratype. Abbreviations: AF, anterior fontanel; AN, antorbital; AP, autopalatine; AT, antorbital tubule; EP, epioccipital; ES, extrascapula; EX, exoccipital; FR, frontal; i1–6, infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; LE, lateral ethmoid; ME, mesethmoid; MX, maxilla; NA, nasal; PF, posterior fontanel; PRE, premaxilla; po1+pm11, postotic-preoperculomandibular complex sensory branch (postotic sensory branch 1+ preoperculomandibular sensory branch 11); po2, postotic sensory branch 2; PT, pterotic; s1–4, supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 4; s6, supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); s7, supraorbital sensory branch 7 (postorbital branch); s8, supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch); SP, sphenotic; ST1–4, suborbital tubules 1 to 4; SOC, supraoccipital; SOCP, supraoccipital process. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Anew species of Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Tapajós basin, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Imparfinis munduruku: black circle represent the type locality and white circles represent paratypes.

FIGURE 1. Imparfinis munduruku, MPEG 38784 in Anew species of Imparfinis Eigenmann & Norris, 1900 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Tapajós basin, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Imparfinis munduruku, MPEG 38784, holotype, 34.0 mm SL, from Brazil, Pará, Jacareacanga, Vila de Penedo, tributary of Rio Tapajós.

FIGURE 7 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 7. Right pectoral spines of Brachyrhamdia species, dorsal view: A—Brachyrhamdia heteropleura, USNM 226105, 32.5 mm SL; B—Brachyrhamdia imitator, MCP 15132, 34.7 mm SL; C—Brachyrhamdia marthae, USNM 305631, 26.5 mm SL; D—Brachyrhamdia rambarrani, INPA 9188, 47.3 mm SL. Scale bars—1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Brachyrhamdia rambarrani, USNM 204694, 53.1 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 8. Brachyrhamdia rambarrani, USNM 204694, 53.1 mm SL, paratype of Pimelodella rambarrani, Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Unini (Rio Negro basin). Photo by Vitor Masson.

FIGURE 5 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 5. Caudal skeleton of Brachyrhamdia thayeria, LIRP 10237, 55.2 mm SL, paratype. Abbreviations: cf—caudal artery foramen; ep—epural; ha+has—complex hypurapophysis composed of hypurapophysis and secondary hypurapophysis; hu1+hu2—complex ventral plate formed by co-ossification of hypurals 1 and 2; hu3+hu4—complex dorsal plate formed by coossification of hypurals 3 and 4; hu5—hypural 5; ph—parhypural; pu1+u1—complex centrum composed of preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; pu2—preural centrum 2; and ur—uroneural. Scale bar—1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 4. Right pectoral spine of Brachyrhamdia thayeria, dorsal view, LIRP 10237, 55.2 mm SL, paratype. Scale bar—1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 3. Branchial arches of Brachyrhamdia thayeria, dorsal view, LIRP 10237, 55.2 mm SL, paratype. Gill rakers and dorsal elements of left gill arches not shown. Abbreviations: ac4—accessory element of ceratobranchial 4; cn—cartilaginous nodule; bb2–4—basibranchials 2 to 4; cb1–5—ceratobranchials 1 to 5; eb1–4—epibranchials 1 to 4; hb1–3—hypobranchials 1 to 3; pb1—pharyngobranchial 1; pb3–4—pharyngobranchials 3 and 4; tp—tooth plate; and up—uncinate process. Scale bar—1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 2. Cranium of Brachyrhamdia thayeria, dorsal view, LIRP 10237, 55.2 mm SL, paratype. Abbreviations: afanterior fontanel; an—antorbital; ap—autopalatine; at—antorbital tubule; ec, ethmoidean cartilage; ep—epioccipital; esextrascapula; ex—exoccipital; fr—frontal; i1–6—infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; le—lateral ethmoid; me—mesethmoid; mx—maxilla; na—nasal; pf—posterior fontanel; pre—premaxilla; po1+pm11—postotic–preoperculomandibular complex sensory branch (postotic sensory branch 1+ preoperculomandibular sensory branch 11); po2—postotic sensory branch 2; ptpterotic; s1–4—supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 4; s6—supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); s7—supraorbital sensory branch 7 (postorbital branch); s8—supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch); sp—sphenotic; st1–4—suborbital tubules 1 to 4; soc—supraoccipital; socp—supraoccipital process. Scale bar—2 mm.

FIGURE 1. Brachyrhamdia thayeria, INPA 39534, 50.7 in A new Brachyrhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Rio Japurá basin, Brazil, with comments on its phylogenetic affinities, biogeography and mimicry in the genus

FIGURE 1. Brachyrhamdia thayeria, INPA 39534, 50.7 mm SL, holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Maraã, Lago Amanã, Rio Japurá basin.

FIGURE 3 in Integrative taxonomy of Imparfinis (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil, with description of a new species

FIGURE 3. Left column: Imparfinis lepturus, holotype, MZUSP 127602, 45.3 mm SL, from Rio Corrente, Upper Paraná basin, Aporé, Goiás. Right column: Imparfinis lepturus, paratypes, LBP 32018, from top to bottom: 51.8 mm SL; 44.2 mm SL; 33.3 mm SL.

FIGURE 6 in Integrative taxonomy of Imparfinis (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil, with description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Live specimens of a) Imparfinis lepturus, LBP 32018; b) Imparfinis sp.n. LBP32067; c) Imparfinis mirini, LBP32005. Photo: J. Crispim.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomy of Imparfinis (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil, with description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Type locality of Imparfinis lepturus, Rio Corrente, Goiás state, Brazil. Photo: J. Crispim.

FIGURE 5 in Integrative taxonomy of Imparfinis (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil, with description of a new species

FIGURE 5. Imparfinis schubarti: a-Mogi-Guaçu River; b-Tietê River; c-Paranaíba River; d-illustration from original description of I. schubarti Gomes 1956. Imparfinis mirini: e-Paranapanema River; f-Tietê River; g-Sucuriú River; H-holotype of I. mirini (FMNH 54335). Imparfinis piperatus: i-Paraíba do Sul River; j-Upper Tietê River; l-Ribeira do Iguape River; m-holotype of I. piperatus (CAS 63636).