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Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area.

Text-fig. 2. Charred fern from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with large fragment of charred fern; SM.B 22258; scale bar = 1 cm. b: SEM overview image of charred fern pinnule. c: Enlargement of (b) showing details of undulating anticlinal walls of the epidermis. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 2. Charred fern from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with large fragment of charred fern; SM.B 22258; scale bar = 1 cm. b: SEM overview image of charred fern pinnule. c: Enlargement of (b) showing details of undulating anticlinal walls of the epidermis.

Text-fig. 1. a: Map of France showing geographic position of Saint-Bauzile (source: http://d-maps.com/m/europa/france/france/ france09.gif). b: Overview of the active diatomite quarry at the Montagne d'Andance, photograph taken in 2017. c: SEM image of a frustule of pennate diatom (cf. Navicula sp.) from Saint-Bauzile. d) SEM image of frustules forming a colony of centric diatoms (cf. Diatoma sp.) from Saint-Bauzile. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 1. a: Map of France showing geographic position of Saint-Bauzile (source: http://d-maps.com/m/europa/france/france/ france09.gif). b: Overview of the active diatomite quarry at the Montagne d'Andance, photograph taken in 2017. c: SEM image of a frustule of pennate diatom (cf. Navicula sp.) from Saint-Bauzile. d) SEM image of frustules forming a colony of centric diatoms (cf. Diatoma sp.) from Saint-Bauzile.

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).

Text-fig. 2. Kaolin clay pit at hill Hasenberg in Wiesa, Saxony, Germany; view of southern high wall, showing deeply weathered late Early Miocene lignite seam by dark brown color in center (photographed 2015). Fossil-bearing strata were reported (e.g., Mai 1964) as below lignite seam, but this horizon does actually not crop out (also evidenced by new drillings, communicated by Dr. Jochen Rascher, GEOMONTAN GmbH company, Freiberg/Sa., Germany). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 2. Kaolin clay pit at hill Hasenberg in Wiesa, Saxony, Germany; view of southern high wall, showing deeply weathered late Early Miocene lignite seam by dark brown color in center (photographed 2015). Fossil-bearing strata were reported (e.g., Mai 1964) as below lignite seam, but this horizon does actually not crop out (also evidenced by new drillings, communicated by Dr. Jochen Rascher, GEOMONTAN GmbH company, Freiberg/Sa., Germany).

FIGURE 2 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 2. Correlation of the Central and Eastern Paratethyan regional stages with standard chronostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy modified after Harzhauser et al. (2004), Studencka, (1999), Ionesi (1991), and Vernyhorova (2015).

FIGURE 1 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 1. Geographic location map of the Volhynian fossil-bearing sites: 1 – Brykiv; 2 – Vilkhovets; 3 – Kolubaivtsi; 4 – Khotin; 5 – Hrushivtsi; 6 – Khonkivtsi; 7 – Karpov Yar (Naslavcea); 8 – Darabani; 9 – Ghireni; 10 – Cordăreni; 11 – Hănești; 12 – Mitoc; 13 – Drăgușeni; 14 – Stâncești; 15 – Leucucești; 16 – Basarabi; 17 – Stăuceni; 18 – Erbiceni; 19 – Românești; 20 – Aroneanu; 21 – Voinești; 22 – Amvrosiivka; 23 – Saur-Mohyla.

FIGURE 5 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 5. Marine mammals from the Volhynian beds of the Moldavian Platform: A – Phocinae indet. 2, scapula and caudal vertebra, Stăuceni; B – Kentriodon fuchsii, a lumbar vertebra, dorsal and posterior view, Basarabi; C – Kentriodontidae indet. 1 (cf. Imerodelphis thabagarii), lumbar vertebra, dorsal and anterior view, Saur-Mohyla; D – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; E – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, thoracic vertebra, anterior view, Stâncești; F – Kentriodontidae indet. 3, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; G – Pachyacanthus sp., thoracic vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Vilkhovets; H – Cetotheriidae indet., caudal vertebra, dorsal and lateral view, Stăuceni; I-J –? Mysticeti indet. ("Archaeocetus fockii"), rib fragment, lateral view and cross-section (I), caudal vertebra (J), dorsal and lateral view, Drăgușeni. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A–I and 5 cm in J.

FIGURE 4 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 4. The partial skeleton of a true seal (Phocinae indet. 1) from the Volhynian beds of Kolubaivtsi (Ukraine). Scale bar equals 10 cm.

FIGURE 6 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 6. The periotic bone of Kentriodon fuchsii from the Volhynian of Stăuceni (Romania) in ventral (A), lateral (B), and posterior view (C). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; ap, anterior process; fc, ventral foramen of the facial canal; fo, fenestra ovalis; fr, fenestra rounda; pbf, posterior bullar facet; pc, pars cochlearis; pb, periotic body; pp, posterior process; vt, ventrolateral tuberosity. Scale bars equal 2 cm.

FIGURE 3 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 3. Fish remains from the Volhynian beds of Romania and Ukraine: A-B – Sarmatella doljeana (Kramberger, 1884), anterior part of the body (A), and caudal part (B), Leucuşeşti; C – Clupeinae gen. et sp. indet., isolated scale, Voineşti; D-E – Scombroidei indet., caudal part (D), Erbiceni, and middle part of the body (E), Aroneanu; F – Sparus brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), skeleton, Hrushivtsi; G-H – Sparus cf. brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), right dentary in lateral (G) and dorsal view (H), Pârâul lui Gheorghe; I – Bothus parvulus (Kramberger, 1883), body imprint, Româneşti. Scale bars equal 2 mm in C, 5 mm in A-B, D-E, G-I, and 2 cm in F.

FIGURE 7 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 7. Suggested scheme of marine vertebrate fauna dispersal in the Eastern Paratethys during the Volhynian age (modified after Schneider et al., 2013).

Figure 10 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 10. Recent snake trails on creek sediments. Arrows show lateral pressures during the crawling of snakes (Abbassi, 2020). Length of hammer equals 30 cm.

Figure 8 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 8. (a–b) Ichnospecies Iranipeda abeli trackway, preserved as convex hyporelief, and its sketch. Scale equals 10 cm and same for (a).

Figure 9 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 9. (a–d) Grazing and locomotion traces on the studied slab. (a) Regular trace, (b–c) straight to slightly curved traces with one or two non-continues tubular bulges being preserved in the middle part or both sides of the traces (arrows), and (d) self-crossing of trace with width variations. Arrows show minimum of the width. Scale bars represent 1 m.

Figure 6 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 6. (a–b) Ichnospecies Canipeda longigriffa photographed in the lower part of the slab of the tracksite, preserved as convex hyporelief. Scales in centimeters (cm).

Figure 7 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 7. (a–d) Claw imprints of Canipeda longigriffa. Scale is in centimeters (cm) in (a)–(d), and scale bar equals 2 cm in (d).

Figure 3 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 3. Outcrop of Chehrabad tracksite, photographed by the quadcopter UAV, and its sketch, extracted from high-resolution UAV photos. The lower highlighted part of the slab was traced on transparent plastic (Fig. 4). Scale bar represents 1 m. Quadrangles show position of Fig. 9a–d.

Figure 5 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 5. (a–d) Ichnospecies Felipeda lynxi photographed in the lower part of the slab of the tracksite, preserved as convex hyporelief. Scale equals millimeters (mm) in (a) and centimeters (cm) in (b)–(d).

Figure 4 in Extensive vertebrate tracksite from the Upper Red Formation (middle-late Miocene), west Zanjan, northwestern Iran

Figure 4. Carnivore and bird footprints in the lower part of the slab in detail: MC, mud-crack cast; GC, groove cast; CT, crawling trace.