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Figure 2 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

Figure 2. Exemplar accipitriform skeleton, Pandion haliaetus cristatus, derived from an illustration in Eyton (1867), showing the bones preserved in the fossil accipitrid specimen SAMA P.54998 shaded in grey. The illustrated taxon and fossil material are not identical in terms of the morphology of individual elements.

Figure 10 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

Figure 10. Image showing left pedal phalanges and os metatarsale 1 of Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998, digit 1 (A), digit 2 (B), digit 3 (C) and digit 4 (D) with RI.2 added given the left counterpart was broken. Scale bar 10 mm.

Figure 1 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

Figure 1. (A) Map of South Australia with general location of Frome Sub-Basin fossil sites marked with a rectangle, (B) detailed map of the study sites in the Frome Sub-Basin. Lake Pinpa Sites 11 and 12, Ericmas Quarry, and Wells Bog Site located by black squares.

Figure 9 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

Figure 9. Tarsometatarsi of Archaehierax sylvestris gen. et. sp. nov. SAMA P.54998, left in dorsal (A), plantar (B), proximal end plantar (D) and proximal E) view, and distal right in dorsal (C), medial (F), lateral (G), and distal (H) view. Abbreviations: CLFHL, crista lateralis flexoris hallucis longus; CtM, cotyla medialis; CMFDL, crista medialis flexoris digitorum longus; CPL, crista plantares lateralis; CPM, crista plantares medialis; EI, eminentia intercotylaris; FLCo, fovea ligamentosa collateralis; FMI, fossa metatarsi I; FVD, foramen vasculare distale; FVP, foramen vasculare proximale; IIL, incisura intertrochlearis; IIM, incisura intertrochlearis medialis; IMFHB, incisura musculus flexor hallucis brevis; SExt, sulcus extensorius; SF, sulcus flexorius; T, tuberculum; TII, trochlea metatarsi II; TIII, trochlea metatarsi III; TIV, trochlea metatarsi IV. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 12 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 12. Bivariate plots of natural log−transformed M3, m3, and m2 crown length versus width in Chilga and other fossil elephantiforms. Comparative dimensions are from Fourtau (1920), Cooper (1922), Osborn (1936), Bergounioux and Crouzel (1959), Arambourg (1961), Hamilton (1973), Gaziry (1976, 1987), Tassy (1977b, 1983a, 1983b, 1985), Tassy and Pickford (1983), Gentry (1987), Roger et al. (1994), Göhlich (1998), and Sanders and Miller (2002). A. M3. B. m2. C. m3.

Fig. 10 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 10. Dental specimens of Phiomia major sp. nov. A. Left p4, CH5−15, in occlusal (A1) and buccal (A2) views. B. Left m2, CHS4−1, in buccal (B1) and occlusal (B2, B3) views. Anterior is to the left. Broken areas indicated by small dotted lines and cross−hatching. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 9 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 9. Dental specimens of Phiomia major sp. nov. A. Right p3, CH4−4, in lingual (A1) and occlusal (A2, A3) views. B. Left m1, CH25−1, in buccal (B1) and occlusal (B2, B3) views. C. Right m3, CH9−2, in occlusal view. Anterior is to the left. Broken areas indicated by small dotted lines and cross−hatching. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 7 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 7. Dental specimens of Phiomia major sp. nov. Anterior is to the left. A. Left P3, CH25−5, in buccal (reversed) (A1) and occlusal (A2) views. B. Right M1, CH3−53, in occlusal view; note piece of fossil wood along midline of crown. C. Left M3, CH22−1, in buccal (C1) and occlusal (C2) views. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 6 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 6. Bivariate plots of natural log−transformed crown length versus width of selected cheek teeth in Chilgatherium harrisi sp. nov. and other deinothere species. Comparative dimensions are from Bachmann (1875), Weinsheimer (1883), Roger (1886), Andrews (1911), Cooper (1922), Palmer (1924), Éhik (1930), MacInnes (1942), Gräf (1957), Sahni and Tripathi (1957), Symeonidis (1970), Harris (1973, 1977, 1983, 1987), Gaziry (1976), Tobien (1988), Tsoukala and Melentis (1994), Huttunen (pers. com.; 2000), Sach and Heizmann (2001), and Sanders (2003). A. Specimens CH9−7 and CH9−22 compared with D2 in other deinotheres. Note that in this comparison, the Chilga specimens appear anomalously large, relative to size contrasts between other cheek teeth from the Chilga deinothere sample and those of Prodeinotherium and Deinotherium. B. P3. C. M3. D. m2. E. m3.

Fig. 5 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 5. Cheek teeth of Chilgatherium harrisi sp. nov. A. Right m2, part of type specimen, CH35−3a, in lingual (A1) and occlusal (A2, A3) views; anterior is to the left. B. Left m3, part of type specimen, CH35−3c, in occlusal view. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 1. A in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 1. A. Map of Afro−Arabia with several important Paleogene terrestrial mammal sites (underlined characters denote abbreviations for the localities marked on the map), including Chilga (Ethiopia), Dogali (Eritrea), Lothidok (Eragaleit Beds, Kenya), Fayum (Egypt), Dor el Talha (Libya), Malembe (Angola), Mahenge (Tanzania), and Thaytini and Taqah (Oman). Outline of Ethiopia is inset. B. Map of Ethiopia showing the location of Chilga, north of Lake Tana. C. Detailed map of the Chilga area showing the fossil localities, geologic section (Fig. 2), and dated rock sample localities, along the Guang and Hauga Rivers.

Fig. 13 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 13. Dental specimens of Chilga palaeomastodonts, aff. Palaeomastodon. A. aff. Palaeomastodon sp. nov. A., left M3, CH14−V−12, in lingual (A1) and occlusal (A2, A3) views. B. Diagrammatic representation of occlusal view of right M3, AMNH 13449, paratype of Palaeomastodon intermedius (after Osborn 1936: figs. 93, 94). Anterior is to the left. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 3 in New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia

Fig. 3. Cranio−dental remains of Arsinoitherium giganteum sp. nov. A. Maxilla fragment with M2−3, CH69−1, holotype, in lateral view; anterior is to the right. (A2, diagram of A1). B. Juvenile dentary with two deciduous premolars, CH10−5, in buccal (B1) and occlusal (B2, B3) views; anterior is to the right. C. Left p4, CH9−9, in buccal (C1) and occlusal (C2) views; anterior is to the left. D. Partial left nasal horn core, CH26−10. E. Left M3 in posterior view, CH3−95. F. Left m2, CH25−17, in buccal (F1) and occlusal (F2, F3) views; anterior is to the left. Scale bars 3 cm.

FIGURE 15 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 15. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95), cranium, lateral view.

FIGURE 14 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 14. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95), cranium, posterior view.

FIGURE 3 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 3. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, dorsal view.

FIGURE 7 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 7. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), cranium, lateral view.

FIGURE 13 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 13. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95), cranium, frontal view.

FIGURE 12 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 12. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95), cranium, ventral view.

FIGURE 11 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 11. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95), cranium, dorsal view.