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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Taxonomic delimitation of the rare, eastern North American endemic lichen Santessoniella crossophylla (Pannariaceae)

The taxonomic delimitation and generic placement of Santessoniella crossophylla (Old Gray Crosslobes), a cyanolichen endemic to eastern North America, are revisited based on newly generated nrITS and mtSSU sequences. A population from Nova Scotia whose identification as S. crossophylla has been questioned is confirmed as belonging to the species. The monospecific genus Rockefellera is introduced to accommodate lichens ascribable to S. crossophylla in light of molecular results herein presented. The new name honors the Rockefeller family for their century-long support of North American conservation efforts, particularly with respect to national parks.

opencc-byJul 2022View details →

Lichen (Seirophora lacunosa)

**Ejemplar**: *Seirophora lacunosa* (Rupr.) Frödén **Sigla, colección y entidad** VAL_Lich. 30542, Colección ValLich 3D dpto. Botánica y Geología Universidad València **Descripción**: talo fruticuloso almohadillado (2-5 cm de alto), formado por lacinias rígidas grisáceas de 2-15 mm de ancho y de 2-(4-5) cm de largo. Superficie lisa, algo cubierta de pelos gruesos, mostrando agujeros alargados dispersos hacia la superficie inferior que se arrugan en las lacinias más viejas. Ejemplar fértil con apotecios anaranjados cóncavos (6 mm) con un margen talino grisáceo con pelos. Suelos yesíferos de zonas desérticas, epifita sobre Sarcocornia fruticosa o terrícola vagante. **Localidad:**España, Alicante: Las Salinas, m s.n.m. **Recolector y fecha recolección:** Leg. J.B. Peris. 5-11-2013. **Técnica digitalización / software**: fotogrametría 151 fotos, Pentax K-1 MarkII, calidad alta / Metashape 1.6.1 **Autor digitalización**: Josa A. Villena ![](https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52190745862_a5e572f4d5_b.jpg) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Checklist of the lichens of the Cabañeros National Park and the surrounding territory

The dataset contains 602 species (4606 records) collected/observed during several field studies carried out since the year 2001. A total of 120 localities were sampled, covering a wide range of substrates, altitudes, orientations, land uses and different types of Mediterranean forests and shrublands. We have identified 303 epiphytic species (Arbutus unedo, Cistus ladanifer, Fraxinus angustifolia, Juniperus oxycedrus, Quercus ilex, Q. faginea, Q. pyrenaica, Q. suber, ...), 102 terricolous species (forest slopes and bare soils) and 324 saxicolous species (quartzites, slates, granites, and limestone rocks). Only 4% of the species grew on three types of substrates (rock-soil-bark), 12% of the species grew on two types of substrates (soil-bark or soil-rock), while the rest of the species were substrate specific. This high diversity (more than a fifth of the total lichen species of the Iberian Peninsula) is linked to an enormous variety of substrates and environmental conditions, further favored by the presence of several unmanaged and well-preserved forests. Areas with higher lichen diversity were: Chorro Valley, Boquerón del Estena and the surrounding territory, and Gargantilla land. The checklist is annotated with information on the species, province, municipality, locality, geographic position, altitude, habitat, collector name, date, and associated reference. When the same geographical information of a specific specimen is referenced in several scientific papers (e.g., taxonomic, floristic, phylogenetic, ecology papers), we have chosen to add just one reference (generally the oldest).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Geraldius galapagoensis (Nematoda: Chambersiellidae) associated with lichens in Argentina

Figure 2. ML-tree based on 28S ribosomal RNA gene, including the G. galapagoensis identified in this report, highlighted in bold. The branch numbers represent the ultrafast bootstrap support.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Lichen biomass for green synthesis of silver nanocolloids

Lichen is one of the most abundant non-vascular biomasses, however, a systematic study on application of the biomass in nanomaterial synthesis is very limited. In this study, aqueous lichen extract was obtained from Hypotrachyna cirrhata, one of the most abundant Himalayan Lichen biomass, following a simple cold percolation method. The effect of extract to silver nitrate mixing ratio, pH, and waiting time in growth and stability of nanoparticle was systematically explored. The rate constant for bio-reduction was found to be 5.3×10-3 min-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a narrow particle size distribution with mean particle size of 11.1±3.6 nm (n=200) The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques confirmed the formation of cubic crystals. The synthesized colloidal solution showed excellent response for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in spiked water samples. The limit of detection and calibration sensitivity for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions were found to be 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L, and 2.9×10-3 units/ppm and 1.6×10-3 units/ppm; respectively. These findings suggested that green synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles having narrow size distribution is possible using the aqueous lichen extract and the nanoparticles can be used for detection of selected heavy metals.

Figure 2 in Epiphytic Lichens In Latvian Manor Parks

Figure 2. Total number of lichen taxa by growth forms.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figure 6 in A first ecological description of the lichen-clad larva of Eublemmistis chlorozonea Hampson, 1902 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from a southern Afrotemperate forest

Figure 6 – Pupa and remaining cocoon post-emergence of adult moth that was reared in captivity.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figure 7 in A first ecological description of the lichen-clad larva of Eublemmistis chlorozonea Hampson, 1902 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from a southern Afrotemperate forest

Figure 7 – Adult male in typical resting posture (left) and a set specimen (right).

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Patterns and determinants of lichen abundance and diversity across a subarctic to arctic latitudinal gradient

Macrolichen abundance at the species level in 42 sites across a subarctic (56°N) to arctic (62°N) latitudinal gradient in Nunavik (Québec, Canada). Data was collected in the dominant vegetation types of six regions sampled along this gradient.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Nuanced qualitative trait approaches reveal environmental filtering and phylogenetic constraints on lichen communities

We propose that a qualitative trait approach based on more detailed nuanced traits may reveal previously overlooked patterns, especially when combined with phylogenetic perspectives. By sampling epiphytic lichens and using a functional approach based on nuanced qualitative traits, such as a much greater resolution over photobiont identity, type of cortex and chemical compounds, we evaluated the effects of environmental filtering and phylogenetic constraints on community assembly along natural succession of Atlantic rainforest. We found changes in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition, structure and diversity. Functional traits such as photobiont genera, type of cortex, reproductive structures, propagule size and protection strategies showed strong responses to succession. Mature forests with a closed canopy impose strong environment filtering that is reflected in lichen species turnover, limiting diversity, but also holding different functional and phylogenetic composition. The use of a nuanced qualitative trait approach may overcome some of the limitations of using this type of traits and show the importance of often overlooked key lichen functional traits, including presence of carbon concentrating mechanisms in photobionts and cortex properties. Furthermore, this is the first study showing how patterns of phylogenetic assembly along forest succession structure lichen communities.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Population genetics and biogeography of the lungwort lichen in North America support distinct Eastern and Western gene pools

Populations of species with large spatial distributions are shaped by complex forces that differ throughout their ranges. To maintain the genetic diversity of species, genepool-based subsets of widespread species must be considered in conservation assessments. In this study, the population genetics of the lichenized fungus Lobaria pulmonaria and its algal partner, Symbiochloris reticulata , were investigated to determine population structure, genetic diversity, and degree of congruency in eastern and western North America. Data loggers measuring temperature and humidity were deployed at selected populations in eastern North America to test for climatic adaptation. To better understand the role Pleistocene glaciations played in shaping population patterns, a North American, range-wide species distribution model was constructed and hindcast to 22,000 years before present and at 500-year time slices from then to the present. The presence of two gene pools with minimal admixture was supported, one in the Pacific Northwest and one in eastern North America. Western populations were significantly more genetically diverse than eastern populations. There was no evidence for climatic adaptation among eastern populations, though there was evidence for range-wide adaptation to evapotranspiration rates. Hindcast distribution models suggest that observed genetic diversity may be due to a drastic Pleistocene range restriction in eastern North America, whereas a substantial coastal refugial area is inferred in the west. Taken together the results show different, complex population histories of L. pulmonaria in eastern and western North America, and suggest that conservation planning for each gene pool should be considered separately.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Getting to know our biomonitor neighbours: urban lichens and allied fungi of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Phylogenetic Datasets

Here we provide one of the first detailed studies of lichen and allied fungi diversity in a continental North American city (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada), including an annotated checklist, images of all species, dichotomous keys, and local distribution maps. Edmonton is the northernmost city in North America with a population of over one million, and an industrial and transportation gateway for much of northern Canada. Lichen-based biomonitoring could be a tool to track airborne pollutants resulting from Edmonton's growing populace and industrial activity. The first step towards such a program is documenting the diversity and distribution of lichens in the city. To accomplish this, we conducted a city-wide, systematic survey of 191 sites focused on epiphytes growing on deciduous boulevard trees. We augmented that survey with surveys of rare trees, opportunistic collections from river valley and ravine habitats, herbarium collections, phylogenetic analyses of a subset of collections, and observations submitted to online nature-reporting applications. We present ITS sequence barcode data for 33 species, phylogenetic analyses for Candelariaceae, Endocarpon, Flavopunctelia, the Lecanora dispersa group, Lecidella, Peltigera, Physconia, and Punctelia, and detailed descriptions of 114 species in 47 genera and 23 families. Two species are hypothesized to be new to North America (Endocarpon aff. unifoliatum, Lecidella albida), twelve more are new to Alberta (Amandinea dakotensis, Bacidia circumspecta, Candelaria pacifica, Candelariella antennaria, Heterodermia japonica, Lecania naegelii, Lecanora sambuci, Lecanora stanislai, Lecidea erythrophaea, Peltigera islandica, Phaeocalicium aff. tremulicola, and the introduced Xanthoria parietina), and five are putative new species to science (Physcia aff. dimidiata, Physcia aff. stellaris, Phaeocalicium sp., Phaeocalicium aff. tremulicola, Lichenaceae sp.). Illustrations are provided for all species to aid in verification and public outreach. Species richness was highest in foliose lichens (48), followed by crustose and calicioid lichens and allied fungi (41), with the lowest richness in fruticose lichens (25). We did a preliminary assessment of the suitability of species for citizen-science biomonitoring by assessing their distribution across the city, perceptibility to the public, identification accuracy, and, for a subset, how consistently species were surveyed by trained novices. Compared to other urban areas where lichen diversity has been studied, Edmonton is relatively species-rich in calicioids and Peltigera. Promising bioindicators may be limited to chlorolichens, including Caloplaca spp., Evernia mesomorpha, Flavopunctelia spp., Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Physcia aipolia group, Physcia aff. stellaris, Usnea spp., and Xanthomendoza fallax. Other genera that may be responsive to pollutants such as Cladonia and Peltigera were almost exclusively restricted to river valley and ravine ecosystems, limiting their application as bioindicators. Some species commonly used as biomonitors elsewhere were too rare, small, poorly developed, or obscured by more common species locally (e.g., Candelaria concolor s.l., Xanthomendoza hasseana). The low overlap with lists of biomonitoring species from other regions of North America illustrates the necessity of grounding monitoring in knowledge of local diversity. Future augmentation of this list should focus on enhanced sampling of downed wood-, conifer-, and rock-dwelling lichens, particularly crustose species. The next step in developing a biomonitoring program will require modelling species' responses to known air quality and climatic gradients.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Measurements of lead concentrations and isotope ratios of moss and lichens from Portland, Oregon, U.S., and surrounding rural areas

We conducted a high-resolution study of lead in an urban moss, Orthotrichum lyellii, to better understand lead distributions and sources in Portland, Oregon, United States. The goal of this study was to identify modern and persistent legacy urban lead sources. This included an investigation of the impact of relic lead-sheathed telecommunication cables on environmental lead levels. Here we present lead levels and isotopic compositions of (1) moss samples collected from Portland in 2013, (2) moss samples collected 10 years later in 2023 for proximity to lead-sheathed telecommunication cables, (3) archival moss and lichen samples, and (4) rural moss samples. The findings of this study and methods can be found in the linked primary article.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Symbionts out of sync: decoupled physiological responses are widespread and ecologically important in lichen associations

A core vulnerability in symbioses is the need for coordination between the symbiotic partners, which are often assumed to be closely physiologically integrated. We critically re-examine this assumed integration in lichen symbioses, recovering a long overlooked yet fundamental physiological asymmetry in carbon balance. We examine the physiological, ecological and transcriptional basis of this asymmetry in the lichen Evernia mesomorpha. This carbon balance asymmetry depends on hydration source and aligns with climatic range limits. Differences in gene expression across the E. mesomorpha symbiosis suggest that the physiologies of the primary lichen symbionts are decoupled. Furthermore, we use gas-exchange data to show that asymmetries in carbon balance are widespread and common across evolutionarily disparate lichen associations. Using carbon balance asymmetry as an example, we provide evidence for the wide-ranging importance of physiological asymmetries in symbioses.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

FIG. 1 in Two new crustose Cladonia species with strepsilin and other new lichens from the Serra de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

FIG. 1. — Cladonia gumboskii sp. nov., holotype, habitus.Width of picture: 9 mm.

Figure 4 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests

Figure 4. Rare lichen Thelotrema lepadinum. Photo: A. KrugÔikova.

Figure 1 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests

Figure 1. Studied forest stands (noted with dots).

Figure 3 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests

Figure 3. One of study sites. Photo: A. KrugÔikova.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Epiphytic Lichen Diversity In Broad-Leaved Tree Forests In Latvia

Fig. 1. Location of studied forest stands.