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1,200 results for “Meta analysis”
Costs of territoriality: A review of hypotheses, meta-analysis, and field study
<p>The evolution of territoriality reflects the balance between the benefit and cost of monopolising a resource. While the benefit of territoriality is generally intuitive (improved access to resources), our understanding of its cost is less clear. This paper combines: 1. a review of hypotheses and meta-analytic benchmarking of costs across diverse taxa; and 2. a new empirical test of hypotheses using a longitudinal study of free-living male territorial lizards. The cost of territoriality was best described as a culmination of multiple factors, but especially costs resulting from the time required to maintain a territory (identified by the meta-analysis) or those exacerbated by a territory that is large in size (identified by the empirical test). The meta-analysis showed that physiological costs such as energetic expenditure or stress were largely negligible in impact on territory holders. Species that used territories to monopolise access to mates appeared to incur the greatest costs, whereas those defending food resources experienced the least. The single largest gap in our current understanding revealed by the literature review is the potential cost associated with increased predation. There is also a clear need for multiple costs to be evaluated concurrently in a single species. The empirical component of this study showcases a powerful analytical framework for evaluating a range of hypotheses using correlational data obtained in the field. More broadly, this paper highlights key factors that should be considered in any investigation that attempts to account for the evolutionary origin or ecological variation in territorial behaviour within and between species.</p>
Spatial personalities: a meta-analysis of consistent individual differences in spatial behavior
<p>Individual variation in behavior, particularly consistent among-individual differences (i.e., personality), has important ecological and evolutionary implications for population and community dynamics, trait divergence, and patterns of speciation. Nevertheless, individual variation in spatial behaviors, such as home range behavior, movement characteristics, or habitat use has yet to be incorporated into the concepts or methodologies of ecology and evolutionary biology. To evaluate evidence for the existence of consistent among-individual differences in spatial behavior – which we refer to as "spatial personality" – we performed a meta-analysis of 200 repeatability estimates of home range size, movement metrics, and habitat use. We found that the existence of spatial personality is a general phenomenon, with consistently high repeatability (r) across classes of spatial behavior (r = 0.67 - 0.82), taxa (r = 0.31 - 0.79), and time between repeated measurements (r = 0.54 - 0.74). These results suggest: (1) repeatable spatial behavior may either be a cause or consequence of the environment experienced and lead to spatial personalities that may limit the ability of individuals to behaviorally adapt to changing landscapes; (2) interactions between spatial phenotypes and environmental conditions could result in differential reproduction, survival, and dispersal, suggesting that among-individual variation may facilitate population-level adaptation; (3) spatial patterns of species' distributions and spatial population dynamics may be better understood by shifting from a mean field analytical approach towards methods that account for spatial personalities and their associated fitness and ecological dynamics.</p>
Data from: The effects of human-altered habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal: a global meta-analysis
<p>Seed dispersal by frugivorous animals is important for plant mobility, regeneration, and persistence. Human-caused landscape change is thought to disrupt seed dispersal, but evidence is scarce. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal. We found 233 effects from 71 studies. At a patch or local scale, altered habitat spatial pattern was measured as declining patch size, increasing patch isolation, or habitat edge (vs. interior). At a landscape scale it was measured as declining amount of habitat, increasing mean patch isolation, increasing number of patches, or increasing habitat edge in the landscape.</p> <p>We found overall negative effects of altered habitat spatial pattern on: (i) the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal, (ii) the number of species involved in a plant-frugivore interaction, and (iii) seed dispersal distance. Moderator variable analysis was only possible for the first of these. It revealed negative responses of the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal to habitat loss at both the local scale (declining patch size), and the landscape scale (declining habitat amount), but little evidence for a response to habitat edge at either scale. In addition, altered habitat spatial pattern reduced the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal more strongly in temperate than tropical areas. Finally, the few-recorded effects of landscape-scale fragmentation per se (increasing patch density or edge density) on the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal were mixed and weak. Our meta-analysis reinforces the notion that habitat loss is a major threat to frugivory and seed dispersal by animals, and reveals an insufficiency of studies of the effects of habitat fragmentation per se. Thus, based on the current literature, we conclude that maintaining and increasing habitat amount is vital for maintaining seed dispersal by frugivorous animals.</p>
Data for "Meta-analysis of induced anti-herbivore defence traits in plants from 647 manipulative experiments with natural and simulated herbivory"
<p>Data used in analysis in "Meta-analysis of induced anti-herbivore defence traits in plants from 647 manipulative experiments with natural and simulated herbivory" in Journal of Ecology. </p> <p>Code used for analysis are included as Supplementary Material of the main article. </p> <p> </p>
Maternal Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and newborn DNA methylation: a meta-analysis in the PACE Consortium
<p>Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may be related to offspring cord blood DNA methylation. In a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in 2802 mother-child pairs from 5 cohorts we calculated the relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) score and an adjusted rMED excluding alcohol (rMEDp). rMEDp was associated with cord blood DNA methylation at cg23757341.</p>
Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Biopreservatives on Staphylococcus aureus in Cheese
<p>Recording of the talk “Meta-analysis on the effect of biopreservatives on <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in cheese” presented by Ursula Gonzales-Barron at the 71<sup>st</sup> Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, EAAP, Online virtual meeting (1-4 Dec 2020).</p>
Occupational Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
<p>Data used in meta-analysis</p>
Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Human-driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to the same extent and therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed to determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been posited as a surrogate for animal health and fitness. Evaluation of their use in an applied ecological context is still scarce. Here, using information from molecular and occupational biomedical studies, we aim to deliver ecologists and evolutionary biologists an accessible synthesis of the links between human disturbances and telomere length. In addition, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies measuring telomere length in wild/wild-derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the relatively small number of studies to date, our meta-analysis revealed a significant small negative association between disturbances and telomere length (-0.092 [-0.153, -0.030]; n= 28; k=159). Yet, our systematic review suggests that the use of telomeres as a biomarker to understand the anthropogenic impact on wildlife is limited. We propose some research avenues that will help to broadly evaluate their suitability: <i>i)</i> further causal studies on the link between human disturbances and telomeres; <i>ii)</i> investigating the organismal implications, in terms of fitness and performance, of a given telomere length in anthropogenically-disturbed scenarios; <i>iii)</i> better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of telomere dynamics. Future studies in these facets will help to ultimately determine their role as markers of health and fitness in wildlife facing anthropogenic disturbances.</p>
Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
<p><strong>Background</strong>: To summarize specific adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with COVID-19.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We searched 32 databases through 27 October 2020. We included randomized trials comparing any of the drugs of interest to placebo or standard care, or against each other. We conducted fixed-effects pairwise meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We included 16 randomized trials which enrolled 8226 patients. For most interventions and outcomes the certainty of the evidence was very low to low except for gastrointestinal adverse effects from hydroxychloroquine, which was moderate certainty. Compared to standard care or placebo, low certainty evidence suggests that remdesivir may not have an important effect on acute kidney injury or cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Low certainty evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity (and cognitive dysfunction/delirium, whereas moderate certainty evidence suggests hydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea (RD 106 more per 1000, 95% CI: 48 more to 175 more) and nausea and/or vomiting (RD 62 more per 1000, 95% CI: 23 more to 110 more) compared to standard care or placebo. Low certainty evidence suggests lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting compared to standard care or placebo.</p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong>: Hydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting and may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity and cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting. Remdesivir may have no important effect on risk of acute kidney injury or cognitive dysfunction/delirium. These findings provide important information to support the development of evidence-based management strategies for patients with COVID-19.</p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>: This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant: VR4-172738)</p> <p><strong>Registration</strong>: Not registered in PROSPERO, protocol available in the supplementary material of BMJ 2020;370:m2980; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2980.</p>
Meta-analysis defines predominant shared microbial responses in various diseases and a specific inflammatory bowel disease signal
<p>Datasets and analysis notebooks for recreating the analysis described in the paper.</p> <p>biom tables of the original datasets used in the meta-analysis are not included due to privacy issues. Instead, we include the biom table containing the NRMD for each study/ASV</p> <p>Updated data and notebooks can also be found at the github page: </p> <p><a href="https://github.com/amnona/paper-metaanalysis">https://github.com/amnona/paper-metaanalysis</a></p> <p>NOTE: files here are provided in a per-directory .zip file in order to preserve internal directory structure.</p> <p> </p>
A meta-analysis of the effects of habitat aridity, evolutionary history of grazing, and grazing intensity on bee and butterfly communities worldwide
<p>A variety of habitat-associated factors moderate effects of grazing on insect biodiversity. Here, we examine how aridity, evolutionary history of grazing, and grazing intensity individually and interactively mediate the effect of livestock grazing on pollinator diversity (native bees and butterflies).</p> <p>Using a meta-analysis of 59 studies published in the primary literature we characterized the response of pollinator communities to grazing across several continents.</p> <p>In very humid habitats high grazing intensities generally had negative impacts on pollinator abundance and richness, but these effects were not found in semi-arid habitats, where livestock grazing intensity did not interact with aridity to impact pollinator abundance or richness. However, within semi-arid habitats livestock grazing was associated with reduced pollinator richness in areas with short evolutionary histories grazing.</p> <p>Pollinator life history mediated effects of livestock grazing on pollinator communities: livestock grazing had negative impacts on richness of social bees and butterflies but not solitary bees, though abundances of all three pollinator categories were consistently reduced under livestock grazing.</p> <p>Our synthesis suggests that effects of cattle on pollinators may be driven by impacts on nesting habitats (e.g., soil compaction), rather than consumption or alteration of forb cover. Our collective findings have importance for coordinating grazing management and pollinator conservation efforts and help to distinguish how grazing practices could impact pollinator biodiversity across ecoclimatic regions.</p>
Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence of trees? A meta-analysis of exclusion experiments
<p>Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides, or exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence was more common at the seedling stage. Only 30% of studies showed significant conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence. Among those studies, applying fungicides significantly reduced the effect of conspecific negative distance -dependent mortality. Excluding large mammals reduced the effect of conspecifics, but with only marginal significance (p < 0.1). Our study confirms that plant pathogens have a significant impact on distance -dependent mortality and suggests that the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, appear to weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types, and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.</p>
An interactive meta-analysis of MRI biomarkers of myelin
Dataset provided for NeuroLibre preprint. Author repo: https://github.com/Notebook-Factory/myelin-meta-analysis NeuroLibre fork:https://github.com/roboneurolibre/myelin-meta-analysis<p>For details, please visit the corresponding <a href="https://github.com/neurolibre/neurolibre-reviews/issues/4">NeuroLibre technical screening.</a></p> <p><strong><a href="https://neurolibre.org">https://neurolibre.org</a></strong></p>
Dispersal increases spatial synchrony of populations but has weak effects on population variability: a meta-analysis
<p><span>The effects of dispersal on spatial synchrony and population variability have been well documented in theoretical research, and a growing number of empirical tests have been performed. Yet a synthesis is still lacking. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant experiments and examined how dispersal affected spatial synchrony and temporal population variability across scales. Our analyses showed that dispersal generally promoted spatial synchrony, and such effects </span><span>increased with dispersal rate and decreased with environmental correlation among patches. The synchronizing effect of dispersal, however, was only detected when spatial synchrony was measured using the correlation-based index, but not for the covariance-based index. In contrast to theoretical predictions, the effect of dispersal on local population variability was generally non-significant, except when environment correlation among patch was negative and/or experimental period was long. At the regional scale, while low dispersal stabilized metapopulation dynamics, high dispersal led to destabilization. </span><span>Overall, the sign and strength of dispersal effects on spatial synchrony and population variability were modulated by taxa, environmental heterogeneity, </span><span><span>type of perturbations, patch number, and experimental length. </span>Our synthesis demonstrates that dispersal can substantially affect the dynamics of spatially distributed populations, but its effects are context dependent on abiotic and biotic factors. </span></p>
Systematic review and meta-analysis: water type and temperature affect environmental DNA decay metadata
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been used in a variety of ecological studies and management applications. The rate at which eDNA decays has been widely studied but at present it is difficult to disentangle study-specific effects from factors that universally affect eDNA degradation. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on aquatic eDNA studies. Analysis revealed eDNA decayed faster at higher temperatures and in marine environments (as opposed to freshwater). DNA type (mitochondrial or nuclear) and fragment length did not affect eDNA decay rate, although a preference for < 200 bp sequences in the available literature means this relationship was not assessed with longer sequences (<em>e.g.</em> > 800 bp). At present, factors such as ultraviolet light, pH, and microbial load lacked sufficient studies to feature in the meta-analysis. Moving forward, we advocate researching these factors to further refine our understanding of eDNA decay in aquatic environments. This dryad entry contains the metadata which formed the basis for the meta-analysis.</p>
When Do Cover Crops Reduce Nitrate Leaching? A Global Meta-Analysis
<p>The document includes the dataset extracted from peer-reviewed publications on the effect of cover crops on nitrate leaching. The results and report corresponding to this dataset have been published as a review article entitled: " When Do Cover Crops Reduce Nitrate Leaching? A Global Meta-Analysis" <strong>DOI: </strong>10.1111/gcb.16269 in the Global Change Biology journal.</p>
Meta analysis carbon stocks Technosols allory update 2022
<p>This dataset contain the data published before 2021 resulting from the search equation "TS = (Technosol* AND (Organic carbon OR Organic matter)" in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Update from Allory 2022: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24396/ORDAR-60">https://doi.org/10.24396/ORDAR-60</a>.</p>
Soil ecotoxicology needs robust biomarkers – a meta-analysis approach to test the robustness of gene expression-based biomarkers for measuring chemical exposure effects in soil invertebrates
<p>Gene expression-based biomarkers are regularly proposed as rapid, sensitive and mechanistically informative tools to identify whether soil invertebrates are experiencing adverse effects due to chemical exposure. However, before biomarkers could be deployed within diagnostic studies, systematic evidence of the robustness of such biomarkers to detect effects is needed. Here, we present an approach for conducting a systematic meta-analysis of the robustness of gene expression-based biomarkers in soil invertebrates.</p> <p>The approach was developed and trialled for two measurements of gene expression commonly proposed as biomarkers in soil ecotoxicology: metallothionein (MT) gene expression in earthworms for metals and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression in earthworms for organic chemicals. From a systematic analysis of the published literature, we collected 294 unique gene expression data points and used linear mixed-effect models to assess concentration, exposure duration and species effects on the quantified response.</p> <p>This database provided contains gene-expression data from publications that have used gene expression-based biomakers to study effects of chemical pollutants on soil invertebrates. R scripts are provided that were used to study the patterns of gene expression as reported in accompanying publication. </p> <p>We encourage colleagues in the field to apply this approach to other biomarkers, as such quantitative assessment is a prerequisite to ensuring that the suitability and limitations of proposed biomarkers are known and stated.</p>
NiMARE: Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis Research Environment
<p>Dataset provided for NeuroLibre preprint. Author repo: https://github.com/NBCLab/nimare-paper NeuroLibre fork:https://github.com/roboneurolibre/nimare-paper</p> <p>For details, please visit the corresponding <a href="https://github.com/neurolibre/neurolibre-reviews/issues/7">NeuroLibre technical screening.</a></p> <p><strong><a href="https://neurolibre.org">https://neurolibre.org</a></strong></p>
Data set from "Absolute Treatment Effects for the Primary Outcome and All-cause Mortality in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of New Antidiabetic Drugs – A Meta-Analysis of Digitalized Individual Patient Data"
<p>This data set contains the complete digitalized individual patient data that are used in the manuscript "Absolute Treatment Effects for the Primary Outcome and All-cause Mortality in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of New Antidiabetic Drugs – A Meta-Analysis of Digitalized Individual Patient Data", which is accepted from "Acta Diabetologica".<br> The data file is in CSV format and contains the five variables "OutcomeType" (with values "AllcauseMortality" or "PrimaryOutcome"), "Study" (denoting the respective cardiovascular outcome trial), "Treatment" (denoting the respective study treatment or placebo), "Event" (denoting if the respective has been observed (Event=1) or not (Event=0)), and "SurvivalTimeMonths" (denoting the respective time to the event or censoring in months).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.