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Figure 1. Locality map. A in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 1. Locality map. A, map of China showing the location of the Tarim Basin in northwestern China; B, Map showing the outline of the Tarim Basin, outcrops of the Ordovician strata, and the location of the Dawangou section (red triangle), Kalpin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China.
Figure 4 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 4. Ansella jemtlandica (Löfgren, 1978). A, B, M element; A, NIGP 152839, anterior view (IY147-004); B, NIGP 152840, posterior view (IY147-005). C–F, Sa element; C–D, NIGP 152841, C, lateral view (IY146-040), D, anterior view (IY146-039); E–F, NIGP 152842, E, basal view (IY147-006), F, lateral view (IY147-008). G–H, Sb element, NIGP 152843, G, antero-basal view (IY147-010), H, inner lateral view (IY147-011). I–K, Sc element; I, NIGP 152844, outer lateral view (IY147-012); J, NIGP 152845, inner lateral view (IY147- 013); K, NIGP 152846, outer lateral view (IY146-043). L–M, Pa element; L, NIGP 152847, outer lateral view (IY147-003); M, NIGP 152848, inner lateral view (IY148-001). N–O, Pb element; N, NIGP 152849, inner lateral view (IY147-002); O, NIGP 152850, outer lateral view (IY147-001). All from sample Nj294; scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 21 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 21. Protopanderodus graeai (Hamar, 1966). A–C, M element; A–B, NIGP 153034, A, anterior view (IY167-045), B, basalposterior view (IY167-044); C, NIGP 153035, posterior view (IY169-006). D–G, Sa element; D, NIGP 153036, lateral view (IY168- 001); E–F, NIGP 153037, E, basal-lateral view (IY168-003), F, lateral view (IY168-002); G, NIGP 153038, lateral view (IY167-030). H–J, Sb element; H, NIGP 153039, outer lateral view (IY167-036); I, NIGP 153040, outer lateral view (IY167-029); J, NIGP 153041, inner lateral view (IY167-037). K–P, Sc element; K–L, NIGP 153042, K, outer lateral view (IY167-038), L, inner lateral view (IY167- 039); M, NIGP 153043, inner lateral view (IY167-032); N, NIGP 153044, inner lateral view (IY167-033); O, NIGP 153045, outer lateral view (IY167-035); P, NIGP 153046, basal view (IY169-002). Q–R, Sd element, NIGP 153047… (continued on facing page)
Figure 18 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 18. Protopanderodus calceatus Bagnoli & Stouge, 1997. A–E, M1 element; A, NIGP 153003, Nj297, posterior view (IY150-016); B, NIGP 153004, Nj295, posterior view (IY149-012); C, NIGP 153005, AFT-X-K13/13, posterior view (IY168-007); D, NIGP 153006, Nj296, posterior view (IY149-029); E, NIGP 153007, AFT-X-K13/13, anterior view (IY168-008). F, M2 element, NIGP 153008, AFT- X-K13/13, posterior view (IY168-006). G–J, Sa element; G–I, NIGP 153009, Nj297, G, H, lateral views (IY162-022, IY162-018), I, upper view showing cross section of cusp (IY162-021); J, NIGP 153010, AFT-X-K13/13, lateral view (IY168-013). K–L, Sb element, NIGP 153011, Nj294, K, inner lateral view (IY147-020), L, outer lateral view (IY147-021). M–P, Sc element; M–N, NIGP 153012, Nj294, M, inner lateral view (IY147-022), N, upper view showing cross section of cusp (IY147-023)… (caption continued on facing page)
Figure 7 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 7. Costiconus ethingtoni (Fåhraeus, 1966). A–E, Sa element; A–C, NIGP 152874, Nj379, A–B, lateral views (IY154-010, IY154- 011), C, basal view (IY154-009); D–E, NIGP 152875, 14/45, lateral views (IY155-032, IY155-033). F–G, Sb element, NIGP 152876, 13/40, F, basal view (IY155-022), G, inner lateral view (IY155-021). H–L, Sc element; H, NIGP 152877, Nj388, inner lateral view (IY162- 010); I–J, NIGP 152878, Nj378, I, inner lateral view (IY160-016), J, outer lateral view (IY160-015); K–L, NIGP 152879, Nj297, K, outer lateral view (IY159-008), L, inner lateral view (IY159-009). M–T, Sd element; M–O, NIGP 152880, Nj298, M, upper view (IY151-001), N, outer lateral view (IY151-002), O, inner lateral view (IY151-003); P–S, NIGP 152881, Nj379, P–Q, lateral views (IY154-016, IY154- 014), R, basal view (IY154-015), S, posterior view (IY154-017); T, NIGP 152882, 13/45, posterior view (IY155-034). U, Pa element, NIGP 152883, Nj388, inner lateral view (IY162-013). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 14. A–B in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 14. A–B, Histiodella holodentata Ethington & Clark, 1982. Pa element, A, NIGP 152962, Nj296, outer lateral view (IY149-023); B, NIGP 152963, Nj296, inner lateral view (IY149-024). C–F, Histiodella kristinae Stouge, 1984. Pa element; C, NIGP 152964, AFT-X- K13/13, outer lateral view (IY163-001); D, NIGP 152965, AFT-X-K13/13, inner lateral view (IY163-005); E–F, NIGP 152966, AFT-X- K13/13, E, outer lateral view (IY163-003), F, outer lateral view, close up showing fine surface striation (IY163-004). G–L, Panderodus gracilis (Branson & Mehl, 1933). G–I, tortiform element, NIGP 152967, Nj379, G, outer lateral view (IY160-024), H, outer lateral view showing furrow and fine striation on the base (IY160-025), I, inner lateral view (IY160-026). J–L, falciform element, NIGP 152968, Nj379, J, inner lateral view (IY160-027), K, outer lateral view (IY160-028), L, basal view (IY160-029). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 10. Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, 1856. A–C, M in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 10. Drepanodus arcuatus Pander, 1856. A–C, M element; A, NIGP 152907, AFT-X-K13/13, posterior view (IY166-021); B, NIGP 152908, AFT-X-K13/13, anterior view (IY166-019); C, NIGP 152909, Nj297, posterior view (IY150-034). D, Sa element, NIGP 152910, Nj375, lateral view (IY162-024). E–G, Sb element; E, NIGP 152911, Nj297, inner view (IY150-036); F, NIGP 152912, Nj294, outer lateral view (IY147-035); G, NIGP 152913, Nj297, inner lateral view (IY150-035). H–I, Sc element; H, NIGP 152914, Nj297, inner lateral view (IY150-031); I, NIGP 152915, Nj406, outer lateral view (IY161-004). J–K, Pa element; J, NIGP 152916, Nj297, outer lateral view (IY150-033); K, NIGP 152917, Nj294, outer lateral view (IY147-036). L–N, Pb element; L, NIGP 152918, Nj295, inner lateral view (IY149-010); M, NIGP 152919, AFT-X-K13/13, outer lateral view (IY166-023); N, NIGP 152920, AFT-X-K13/13, inner lateral view (IY166-018). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 17. A–K in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 17. A–K, Polonodus newfoundlandensis Stouge, 1984. A–D, Pa (polyplacognathiform) element; A, NIGP 152992, AFT-X-K13/13, sinistral, upper view (IY165-026); B, NIGP 152993, AFT-X-K13/13, dextral, upper view (IY165-027); C, NIGP 152994, AFT-X-K13/13, sinistral, upper view (IY165-031); D, NIGP 152995, AFT-X-K13/13, dextral, upper view (IY165-025). E–K, dextral Pb (ambalodiform) element; E, NIGP 152996, AFT-X-K13/13, upper view (IY165-032); F–G, NIGP 152997, AFT-X-K13/13, F, upper view (IY165-029), G, upper view, close up showing reticulate surface structure (IY165-030); H–I, NIGP 152998, AFT-X-K13/13, H, upper view (IY165- 020), I, lateral view (IY165-022); J–K, NIGP 152999, AFT-X-K13/13, J, upper view (IY165-021), K, lateral view (IY165-023). L–M, Polonodus clivosus (Viira, 1974). Pa (polyplacognathiform) element, NIGP 153000, AFT-X-K13/13, L, upper view (IY163-018), M, outer lateral view (IY163-017). N–O, Gen. et sp. indet. Sd element, NIGP 153001, AFT-X-K13/13, N, basal view (IY163-014), O, inner lateral view (IY163-014). P–Q, Polonodus sp. A.?Pb element, NIGP 153002, AFT-X-K13/13, P, upper view (IY163-008), Q, inner lateral view (IY163-009). Scale bars 100 µm, unless otherwise indicated.
Figure 13. A–K in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 13. A–K, Dzikodus?tablepointensis (Stouge, 1984). A–B, Pb element; A, NIGP 152952, Nj297, upper view (IY150-001); B, NIGP 152953, Nj297, upper view (IY150-002). C–G, Sa element; C, NIGP 152954, Nj297, posterior view (IY150-003); D–E, NIGP 152955, Nj297, D, lateral view (IY150-008), E, anterior view (IY150-010); F–G, NIGP 152956, Nj297, F, lateral view (IY159-006), G, posterior view (IY159-007). H–I, Sb element, NIGP 152957, Nj297, H, outer lateral view (IY150-006), I, inner lateral view (IY150-007). J–K, Sd element, NIGP 152958, Nj297, J, postero-outer lateral view (IY159-005), K, posterior view (IY159-004). L–N, Polonodus sp. B. L, P element, NIGP 152959, Nj291, upper view (IY158-002); M, P element, NIGP 152960, Nj291, upper view (IY158-001); N, Sc element, NIGP 152961, Nj291, inner lateral view (IY158-003). Scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 9. A–C in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 9. A–C, Dapsilodus viruensis (Fåhraeus, 1966). A, Sc element, NIGP 152896, Nj375, outer lateral view (IY159-024). B–C, Sa element; B, NIGP 152897, Nj375, lateral view (IY159-025), tentatively assigned to this species; C, NIGP 152898, Nj375, lateral view (IY159-026). D–O, Scabbardella altipes (Henningsmoen, 1948). D–E, long-based acodiform element; D, NIGP 152899, Nj378, outer lateral view (IY153-016); E, NIGP 152900, Nj403, outer lateral view (IY161-021). F–G, medium-based acodiform element; F, NIGP 152901, Nj297, outer lateral view (IY159-012); G, NIGP 152902, AFT-X-K13/13, outer lateral view (IY167-002). H–O, asymmetrical distacodiform element; H, NIGP 152903, Nj376, outer lateral view (IY159-029); I–K, NIGP 152904, Nj378, I, outer lateral view (IY160- 017), J, inner lateral view (IY160-017), K, basal view (IY160-020); L–N, NIGP 152905, Nj379, L, upper view, close up of cross section of the cusp (IY160-035), M, inner lateral view (IY160-036), N, upper view (IY160-034); O, NIGP 152906, Nj379, outer lateral view (IY160-033). Scale bars 100 µm, unless otherwise indicated.
Figure 3 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 3. Conodont occurrences recorded in this study from the Dawangou section (Dawangou, Saergan and Kanling formations), Kalpin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China.
Figure 6 in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 6. Costiconus ethingtoni (Fåhraeus, 1966). A–D, M element; A–B, NIGP 152866, A, posterior view (IY166-016), B, basal-posterior view (IY166-017); C, NIGP 152867, posterior view (IY166-008); D, NIGP 152868, anterior view (IY166-015). E–I, Pb element; E–F, NIGP 152869, E, basal view (IY166-002), F, inner lateral view (IY166-001); G–H, NIGP 152870, G, outer lateral view (IY166-013), H, basal view (IY166-014); I, NIGP 152871, outer lateral view (IY166-009). J–L, Pa element; J, NIGP 152872, inner lateral view (IY166- 010); K–L, NIGP 152873, K, inner lateral view (IY166-004), L, inner-basal view (IY166-003). All from sample AFT-X-K13/13, scale bars 100 µm.
Figure 16. Periodon aculeatus Hadding 1913. A–B, M in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 16. Periodon aculeatus Hadding 1913. A–B, M element; A, NIGP 152979, posterior view (IY145-001); B, NIGP 152980, anterior view (IY145-002). C–E, Sa element; C–D, NIGP 152981, C, anterior view (IY145-003), D, lateral view (IY145-004); E, NIGP 152982, lateral view (IY145-006). F–I, Sb element; F–G, NIGP 152983, F, inner lateral view (IY145-010), G, outer lateral view (IY145-013); H–I, NIGP 152984, H, upper view (IY145-018), I, inner lateral view (IY145-020). J–K, Sc element; J, NIGP 152985, outer lateral view (IY145-016); K, NIGP 152986, inner lateral view (IY145-017). L–N, Pa element; L, NIGP 152987, inner lateral view (IY145-023); M, NIGP 152988, outer lateral view (IY145-024); N, NIGP 152989, basal view (IY145-025N). O–P, Pb element; O, NIGP 152990, outer lateral view (IY145-027); P, NIGP 152991, inner lateral view (IY145-026). All from sample Nj294; scale bars 100 µm.
Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia
Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm.
Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia
Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 6 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 6. Light microscopy photographs of selected geniculate elements of species of Drepanoistodus, as outlined herein, from the Lynna River section, Russia. A–D. Drepanoistodus basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963). A. LO 12476t, inner view, sample LY12-16, L. variabilis Zone. B. Same specimen as A in outer view. C. LO 12477t, inner view, sample LY12-9,L. antivariabilis Zone. D. LO 12478t, inner view, sample LY12-21b, L. variabilis Zone. E–H. Drepanoistodus iommii sp. nov. E. LO 12479T, holotype, inner view, sample LY12-16, L. variabilis Zone. F. Same specimen as E in outer view. G. LO 12480t, inner view, sample LY12-21b, L. variabilis Zone. H. LO 12481t, inner view, sample LY12-3, L. antivariabilis Zone. I–L. Drepanoistodus svendi sp. nov. I. LO 12482t, inner view, sample LY12-13, L. variabilis Zone. J–K. LO 12483T, holotype, inner and outer view, respectively, sample LY12-14, L. variabilis
Fig. 4 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplot based on the correlation coefficient showing the position of conodont specimens (abbreviated names, see Table 1) and morphological characters/variables. The latter is represented by blue vector lines (see Table 2), the direction and length of which mark the relative importance of the various characters/variables. Each coloured field marks the position of a selected species grouping. Whereas 18.4% of the total variance is visible along the PC 1 axis, 16.1% is seen along the PC 2 axis. See main text for further explanation on the analyses performed, and consult Table 1 for data on sample numbers.
Fig. 3 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 3. Geniculate Drepanoistodus basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963) element demonstrating the essential morphological characteristics utilized in the present study. Two characters were measured quantitatively: Angle A between the median line (usually carina) of the cusp and the lower margin of the keel situated on the upper margin of the cusp (A); and the b/c ratio, which is the ratio between the length of the upper margin of the base (b) and the length of the free cusp (c).
Fig. 2 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 2. The Middle Ordovician stratigraphy of the St. Petersburg region with Baltoscandian and global stratigraphy for comparison (modified from Lindskog et al. 2020, and references therein; additions after Pärnaste et al. 2013; Bauert et al. 2014; Gradstein et al. 2020). The pink area indicates the approximate stratigraphic range of the outcrop at the Lynna River, with ranges of selected Drepanoistodus species indicated. For more detailed information on the local conodont biostratigraphy and ranges of individual species, see Lindskog et al. (2020: fig. 6).
Fig. 1. A in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 1. A. Map of the St. Petersburg region, Russia, with the distribution of rocks. The red rectangle shows the outline of the map area enlarged in B. B. Map of the Lynna River study locality and its surroundings. Figure modified from Lindskog et al. (2020, and references therein).
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