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1,913 results for “Morphological characters”
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 5. (A) Cladogram 3A. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 45). Study carried out with 156 morphological characters and 178 taxa using a 'successive approach' as defined in the text (Step 5 of Analysis 1). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 463.459; consistency index, CI = 0.201; retention index, RI = 0.813; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.164. The generic groups, the large genera, and some species groups, as defined in the text, are shaded. The bajarii species group is included here in the Tetramesa genus group, whereas it branches within the Risbecoma genus group in other cladograms. It is therefore shaded in dark grey to denote an ambiguous placement. The same is true for Aiolomorphus rhopaloides, which generally branches on a basal node of Eurytominae, not within the Phylloxeroxenus clade. Putative placement of the type species for each of the largest genera is indicated.
Figure 15 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 15. Aximopsis sp. from Colombia, mesopleuron in ventral view: AsA, adscrobal area; ApVs, anterior projection of ventral shelf; CxC2, midcoxal cavities; EpC, epicnemial carina; Epm, epicnemium; FmS, femoral scrobe (= femoral depression); L Pct, lateral prepectus; MsFP, mesofurcal pit; MtFP, metafurcal pit; Mtpl, metapleuron; Sl Pct, sublateral prepectus; Pct, subventral carinae of prepectus; VS Mspl, ventral shelf of mesopleuron; VS Mtpl, ventral shelf of metapleuron; Vt Pct, ventral prepectus.
Figure 5. Dental character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 5. Dental character states. A, upper canine cross section (from left to right: in Anthracokeryx ulnifer, in Hippopotamus amphibius, in Hexaprotodon bruneti, in Hex. harvardi). B, outline of the P1/alveolus (bottom: in Hex. protamphibius, top: in Hex. sivalensis). C, occlusal view of the P3/ (left: in Hex. bruneti, right: in Hex. protamphibius). D, occlusal view of the P4/ (left: in Hex. harvardi, right: both in Hex. protamphibius). E, occlusal view of the P/4 (left: in Hex. mingoz, right: in Hex. aethiopicus).
Figure 6. Cladogram 4 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 6. Cladogram 4. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 45). Study carried out with 156 morphological characters and 178 taxa using a 'successive approach' as defined in the text (Step 5 of Analysis 1). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 464.433; consistency index, CI = 0.204; retention index, RI = 0.814; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.166. Two large clades, including species distributed in the New World and in the Old World, respectively, are shaded. Species or genera conflicting with the general distribution are outlined.
Figure 4. Cladogram 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 4. Cladogram 2. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 35). Study carried out with 150 morphological characters and 56 taxa using a 'successive approach' as defined in the text (Step 4 of Analysis 1). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 262.92; consistency index, CI = 0.353; retention index, RI = 0.856; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.302.
Figure 4. Mandibular character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 4. Mandibular character states. A, dorsal view of Hexaprotodon aff. sahabiensis mandible. B, dorsal view of Hippopotamus amphibius mandible. C, dorsal view of Hex. karumensis mandible. D, sagittal cross section (at the I/1-I/1 diastema) of the symphysis (bottom: in Hex. sivalensis, top: in Hip. amphibius); E, three schematic anterior views of the symphysis (from left to right: in Hex. mingoz, in some Hex. protamphibius, in Hex. bruneti). F, three schematic lateral views of the vertical ramus (from bottom to top: in Hip. amphibius, in Hex. sivalensis, in Anthracokeryx ulnifer).
Figure 2. Cranial character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 2. Cranial character states. A, ventral view of a Hippopotamus amphibius skull. B, ventral view of a Hexaprotodon liberiensis skull. C, Schematic view of Hex. harvardi tympanic bulla area. D, Schematic view of A. ulnifer glenoid articular area. E, Three dorsal views of different bone contacts in the lachrymal area (from bottom to top: in Hex. harvardi, in Hex. protamphibius, in Hip. amphibius). A1 and A2 are Hex. liberiensis autapomorphies (see text).
Figure 12 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 12. Eurytoma aspila, postgenal bridge (PGB): FM, Foramen magnum; FS, foraminal setae; Ie PGG, inner edge of the postgenal groove; IeSu, inner edge of the sulci; LFP, lateral foraminal plate; Lm LFP, Lateral margin of the lateral foraminal plate; MSO, median stripe of ornamentation on the postgenal bridge; PGB, postgenal bridge; PTP, posterior tentorial pits; Su, Sulci of the postgenal bridge.
Figure 5 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 5. (B) Cladogram 3B. Cladogram 3 with feeding habits, when known, mapped on cladogram 3: phytophagous vs. entomophagus. Taxa not shaded or surrounded denote unknown or ambiguous feeding habit.
Figure 3. Cladogram 1 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 3. Cladogram 1. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (= CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 35). Study carried out with 150 morphological characters and 178 taxa using a 'consensus weighting approach' as defined in the text (Step 3 of Analysis 1). Boostrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 165.96; consistency index, CI = 0.275; retention index, RI = 0.844; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.232. The generic groups, large genera, and some species groups, as defined in the text, are shaded. The Bephrata group is not monophyletic on this cladogram. Syceurytoma ficus and the Eurytoma from San Alberto were finally excluded from the Phylloxeroxenus clade; they are shaded in dark grey to underline an ambiguous placement on this cladogram. Plutarchia always branches within the genus Philolema sensu largo in all cladograms. As this placement seems doubtful the genus is also superimposed. Putative placement of the type species for each of the largest genera is indicated.
Figure 14 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 14. Eurytoma Cébazan, pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view: AsA, adscrobal area; AsC, adscrobal carina; ApVs, anterior projection of the ventral shelf; CxC2, midcoxal cavities; EpC, epicnemial carina; Epm, epicnemium; FmS, femoral scrobe (= femoral depression); Fov LpPn, foveae on lateral panel of pronotum; L Pct, lateral prepectus; MVT Pct, medioventral tooth of prepectus; SaP, subalar pit; Sl Pct, sublateral prepectus; Vs Mspl, ventral shelf of mesopleuron.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 2. Cumulative number of described species of Eurytomidae distributed from less diverse genera to most diverse. Data from Noyes (2002).
Figure 9. Cladogram 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 9. Cladogram 7. Phylogeny of the terminal zone of the Eurytominae: unique tree obtained. Study carried out with 156 morphological characters and 44 taxa (Analysis 4). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 168.672; consistency index, CI = 0.356; retention index, RI = 0.780; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.280. The generic groups, large genera, and some species groups, as defined in the text, are shaded.
Figure 5 in Combined-data phylogenetics and character evolution of Clitellata (Annelida) using 18S rDNA and morphology
Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree obtained from one of the three replicate Bayesian inference runs of the combined (18S rDNA, somatic, and spermatozoal) data set. Posterior probabilities ± 0.85 are indicated in front of the nodes.
Figure 4 in Combined-data phylogenetics and character evolution of Clitellata (Annelida) using 18S rDNA and morphology
Figure 4. Parsimony consensus tree of the combined (18S rDNA, somatic, and spermatozoal) data set. Bootstrap frequencies ± 50% are indicated above the branches.
Figure 2 in Combined-data phylogenetics and character evolution of Clitellata (Annelida) using 18S rDNA and morphology
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree obtained from one of the three replicate Bayesian inference runs of the 18S rDNA sequences. Posterior probabilities ± 0.85 are indicated in front of the nodes.
Figure 1 in Combined-data phylogenetics and character evolution of Clitellata (Annelida) using 18S rDNA and morphology
Figure 1. Schematic representation of some of the 34 considered spermatozoal characters. Inset, hypothetical plesiomorphic spermatozoon for the Clitellata, as inferred from ancestral-state reconstruction analysis (modified from Jamieson et al., 1987).
Fig. 47. Character 18 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 47. Character 18 (number of endoturbinals) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. Character state 18.0 is the presence of two endoturbinals; 18.1 is the presence of three endoturbinals; 18.2 is the presence of four endoturbinals; 18.3 is the presence of five endoturbinals; 18.4 is the presence of six endoturbinals; 18.5 is the presence of seven endoturbinals; 18.6 is the presence of more than seven endoturbinals. States for this character are illustrated in figure 18.
Fig. 45. Character 19 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 45. Character 19 (number of ectoturbinals) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. Character state 19.0 is the presence of one ectoturbinal; 19.1 is the presence of two ectoturbinals; 19.2 is the presence of three ectoturbinals; 19.3 is the presence of four ectoturbinals (this state is not shown on this tree). States for this character are illustrated in figure 21. Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Fig. 42. Character 26 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 42. Character 26 (morphology of the maxillary recess) optimized on the Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 26.0, the caudal portion of recess is medially enclosed by the posterior transverse lamina. For character state 26.1, the uncinate process of the caudal nasoturbinal also contributes to the medial wall of the recess. States for this character are illustrated in figure 27. Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
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