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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Supplementary data for Ün et. al. 2020 "Cytoplasmic incompatibility between New and Old World populations of a tramp ant"

Supplementary annotation and phylogenetic data. See included README file for details.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

Data from: New and Old World phylogeography of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus): the North American origin of introduced populations in Europe

To determine the origin of introduced European populations of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) – a freshwater sunfish, native to eastern North America that has spread across western and central Europe – we investigated the phylogeography of the species by sequencing the mitochondrial NADH subunit 1 gene. A total of 543 pumpkinseed were sampled from 32 sites across the native range of the species, and from 19 sites covering much of its introduced European range. The presence and geographic distribution of two distinct clades in North American populations were discovered, suggesting that pumpkinseed survived the Pleistocene glaciations in two refugia (Atlantic and Mississippian). Analyses of mitochondrial variation revealed that European pumpkinseed may have been introduced to Europe from at least two distinct sources, but from the Atlantic drainages of North America only, which is consistent with historical records. Within Europe, haplotype distributions of pumpkinseed lend support to the entry of non-native fishes into Iberia via the so-called 'Perpignan–Barcelona corridor'. European populations possessed lower genetic diversity than populations from North America, suggesting that low genetic diversity may not preclude a species from establishing and spreading into new environments outside of their native range.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Phylogenetic relationships among Old World Ruellia L.: a new classification and reinstatement of the genus Dinteracanthus Schinz

The genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae) consists of some ca. 350 species that are concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Old World Ruellia have never been the focus of explicit phylogenetic study, yet comprise the earliest diverging lineages in the genus and contain upwards of 100 species. We sampled 52 accessions representing 29 OW species of Ruellia for phylogenetic analysis. Results yielded five clades that were strongly supported and marked by morphological synapomorphies. Analyses additionally recovered a newly recognized lineage within the tribe Ruellieae, a small radiation of plants in the deserts of Namibia and Angola, and the name Dinteracanthus is available for reinstatement. Divergence time analysis using a primary fossil calibration revealed relatively young estimates for crown ages of all five clades of OW Ruellia (2.5 Ma ‐ 630,000 ypb) as well as for Dinteracanthus (2.0 Ma). Ancestral state reconstruction of pollination systems among OW Ruellia suggest a minimum of two transitions from short-tongued insect pollination to nocturnal moth pollination, one from short-tongued insect to bird pollination, and one reversal from nocturnal moth pollination back to short-tongued insect pollination. We formally delimit the five clades of OW Ruellia as sections and present a key to aid in their identification: sect. Eusiphon, sect. Dipteracanthus, sect. Madagasikara, sect. Pseudoruellia, and sect. Discifolia. We provisionally treat 77 of 97 species of OW Ruellia among these five sections, with the remaining names considered to be unresolved.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Direct fitness benefits and kinship of social foraging groups in an Old World tropical babbler

Molecular studies have revealed that social groups composed mainly of non-relatives may be widespread in group-living vertebrates, but the benefits favoring such sociality are not well understood. In the Old World, birds often form conspecific foraging groups that are maintained year-round and offspring usually disperse to other social groups. We tested the hypothesis that non-breeding group members are largely unrelated and gain direct fitness benefits through breeding opportunities (males) and brood parasitism (females) in the tropical grey-throated babbler, Stachyris nigriceps, in Malaysian Borneo. Babblers foraged in social groups containing one or more breeding pairs (median = 8 group members of equal sex ratio), but group members rarely assisted with breeding (9% of 67 breeding pairs had a third helper; exhibiting facultative cooperative breeding). Although 20% of 266 group member dyads were first-order relatives of one or both members of the breeding pairs, 80% were unrelated. Male group members gained direct fitness benefits through extra-pair and extra-group paternity (25% of 73 offspring), which was independent of their relatedness to the breeding pair and increased with decreasing group size. In contrast, females did not gain direct fitness benefits through brood parasitism. The low levels of relatedness and helping in social groups suggest that most group members do not gain indirect fitness benefits by helping to raise unrelated offspring. These findings highlight the importance of examining benefits of sociality for unrelated individuals that largely do not help and broaden the direct fitness benefits of group foraging beyond assumed survival benefits.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data for: The genomic landscape, causes, and consequences of extensive phylogenomic discordance in Old World mice and rats

A species tree is a central concept in evolutionary biology whereby a single-branching phylogeny reflects relationships among species. However, the phylogenies of different genomic regions often differ from the species tree. Although tree discordance is widespread in phylogenomic studies, we still lack a clear understanding of how variation in phylogenetic patterns is shaped by genome biology or the extent to which discordance may compromise comparative studies. We characterized patterns of phylogenomic discordance across the murine rodents (Old World mice and rats) – a large and ecologically diverse group that gave rise to the mouse and rat model systems. Combining recently published linked-read genome assemblies for seven murine species with other available rodent genomes, we first used ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) to infer a robust species tree. We then used whole genomes to examine finer-scale patterns of discordance and found that proximate chromosomal regions tended to have more similar phylogenetic histories. While we found no clear relationship between local tree similarity and recombination rates in house mice, we did observe a correlation between recombination rates and average similarity to the species tree. We also detected a strong influence of linked selection whereby purifying selection at UCEs led to less discordance. Finally, we show that assuming a single species tree can result in high error rates when testing for positive selection under different models. Collectively, our results highlight the complex relationship between phylogenetic inference and genome biology and underscore how failure to account for this complexity can mislead comparative genomic studies.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 80 in Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae)

Fig. 80. Physopelta (Afrophysopelta) flavofemoralis sp. nov., male, holotype. (Photo: L. Dembický).

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Comparative reproductive ecology of Old and New World Trogons, an order in decline across the world

Many tropical species show declining populations. The pantropical order Trogoniformes has 76% of its species ranked as declining, reflecting a world-wide problem. Here we report on the reproductive ecology and life history traits of the declining and near-threatened old world Whitehead's Trogon (Harpactes whiteheadi), the declining new world Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) and the stable Masked Trogon (T. personatus). We also reviewed the literature on reproductive ecology and life history traits of trogons to assess possible commonalities that might help explain population declines. We found that the declining Whitehead's and Masked Trogons had reasonable nest success (32% and 25%, respectively), while the stable Masked Trogon had poor reproductive success (9%), all contrary to population trends. However, the limited literature data suggested that poor reproductive success may be common among trogons, which may contribute to population declines. Parents fed young at a low rate and had long on-bouts for incubation and nestling warming that reduced activity at the nest, as favored by high nest predation risk over evolutionary time. We found that young fledged from the nest with poorly developed wings, as also favored by high nest predation risk. Evolved nestling periods among trogon species suggests that poor wing development is likely common. Wing development has been shown to affect juvenile survival after leaving the nest. The poor wing development may be an important contributor to population declines that deserves more attention. Evolved life history traits are important to recognize as creating population vulnerabilities in a changing world.

Fig. 99 in A Review Of The Old World Species Of Ceroptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Fig. 99. Habitus of Ceroptera nigra sp. n. para- type male.

Fig. 96 in A Review Of The Old World Species Of Ceroptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Fig. 96. Ceroptera alluaudi Villeneuve, female cercus, dorsal view.

Fig. 97 in A Review Of The Old World Species Of Ceroptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Fig. 97. Habitus of Ceroptera crispa (Duda), lectotype male.

Figs 32–38 in A Review Of The Old World Species Of Ceroptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Figs 32–38. Ceroptera rudebecki Hackman, male genitalia: 32 = contours of the outer parts of

Figs 7–12 in A Review Of The Old World Species Of Ceroptera Macquart, 1835 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Figs 7–12. Ceropteraintermedia Hackman, malegenitalia: 7 = righthalfofepandrium, right

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2006View details →

Fig. 1 in Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Old World Suboscine Birds (Aves: Eurylaimides)

Fig. 1. Summary of passerine bird distribution and basal relationships (from Barker et al., 2002,

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Topical Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With WR 279,396: A Phase 2 Study in the Old World

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00703924. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

publicJan 2020View details →

An integrative phylogenomic approach illuminates the evolutionary history of Old World tree frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

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