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907 results for “Pine”
Data from: Disentangling the effects of geographic peripherality and habitat suitability on neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Swiss stone pine
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>It is generally accepted that the spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity within a species' native range mostly depends on effective population size, demographic history, and geographic position. However, it is unclear how genetic diversity at adaptive loci correlates with geographic peripherality or with habitat suitability within the ecological niche. Using exome-wide genomic data and distribution maps of the Alpine range, we first tested whether geographic peripherality correlates with four measures of population genetic diversity at >17,000 SNP loci in 24 Alpine populations (480 individuals) of Swiss stone pine (<i>Pinus cembra</i>) from Switzerland. To distinguish between neutral and adaptive SNP sets, we used four approaches (two gene diversity estimates, <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> outlier test, and environmental association analysis) that search for signatures of selection. Second, we established ecological niche models for <i>P. cembra</i> in the study range and investigated how habitat suitability correlates with genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive loci. All estimates of neutral genetic diversity decreased with geographic peripherality, but were uncorrelated with habitat suitability. However, heterozygosity (<i>H</i><sub>e</sub>) at adaptive loci based on Tajima's <i>D</i> declined significantly with increasingly suitable conditions. No other diversity estimates at adaptive loci were correlated with habitat suitability. Our findings suggest that populations at the edge of a species' geographic distribution harbour limited neutral genetic diversity due to demographic properties. Moreover, we argue that populations from suitable habitats went through strong selection processes, are thus well adapted to local conditions, and therefore exhibit reduced genetic diversity at adaptive loci compared to populations at niche margins.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data From: Contrasting physiological traits of shade tolerance in Pinus and Podocarpaceae native to a tropical Vietnamese forest: Insight from an aberrant flat-leaved pine
<p>The absence of pines from tropical forests is a puzzling biogeographical oddity potentially explained by traits of shade intolerance. <i>Pinus krempfii</i>, a flat-leaved pine endemic to the Central Highlands of Vietnam, provides a notable exception as it seems to successfully compete with shade-tolerant tropical species. Here, we test the hypothesis that successful conifer performance at the juvenile stage depends on physiological traits of shade tolerance by comparing the physiological characteristics of <i>P. krempfii </i>to coexisting species from the genus <i>Pinus</i> and from the Podocarpaceae, a relatively abundant and shade tolerant conifer family found in pantropical forests. We examined leaf photosynthetic, respiratory and biochemical traits. Additionally, we compiled attainable maximum photosynthesis, maximum RuBP carboxylation (<i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>) and maximum electron transport (<i>J</i><sub>max</sub>) values for <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae species from the literature. In our literature compilation, <i>P. krempfii </i>was intermediate between <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae in its maximum photosynthesis and its <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. <i>Pinus</i> exhibited a higher <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub> than Podocarpaceae, resulting in a less steep slope in the linear relationship between <i>J</i><sub>max</sub> and <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. These results suggest that <i>Pinus </i>may be more shade intolerant than Podocarpaceae with <i>P. krempfii </i>falling between the two groups. However, in contrast, Vietnamese conifers' leaf mass per areas and biochemical traits did not highlight the same intermediate nature of <i>P. krempfii</i>. Furthermore, regardless of leaf shape or family assignation, all species demonstrated a common carbon gain efficiency. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of shade tolerance for conifer survival in tropical forests. However, they also demonstrate a diversity of shade tolerance strategies, all of which lead to the persistence of Vietnamese juvenile conifers in low-light tropical understories.</p>
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
<p>Forest production is strongly dependent on nutrient uptake; however, sustainable management of intensively managed plantations requires an improved understanding of this relationship when fertilization occurs frequently across short rotations. Here, we studied temporal nitrogen (N) concentration ([N]) and content (Nc) dynamics under different silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) throughout early loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) stand development (5 years). We describe relationships of [N] and Nc of different stand components (foliage, branches, stem, roots, and competing vegetation) with carbon and biomass. Our results demonstrate that [N] of perennial loblolly tissues do not respond to silvicultural practices and progressively decrease through development. While foliar [N] was most responsive to resource availability, it was not consistent across time. Controlling competing vegetation was crucial to promote the use of site resources by the crop tree and increased loblolly Nc by >500%. However, increased N uptake and expedited growth is dependent upon fertilization early in stand development. At age 5,<i> </i>herbicide<i> </i>plus <i>reduced </i>and <i>full </i>fertilization<i> </i>rates exhibited similar aboveground Nc, which was 32% higher than with <i>herbicide only</i>. Increasing planting density resulted in increased above- and belowground loblolly Nc; however, increases in Nc were not proportional with increases in planting density. Net primary productivity and N uptake were linearly related, but age/development strongly controlled N use efficiency. Our study helps to understand complex relationships between N, biomass, and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that temporal evaluation of nutrient dynamics is crucial to better understand loblolly pine growth, carbon sequestration potential, and to inform sustainable silvicultural practices across short rotations.</p>
Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
Activities of ecosystem engineers can interact with other disturbances to modulate rates of key processes such as productivity and nutrient cycling. Bioturbation, movement of soil by organisms, is a widespread form of ecosystem engineering in terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that bioturbation by southeastern pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis), an abundant but declining ecosystem engineer in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests, accelerates nutrient dynamics of the forest floor by burying litter and then reduces litter consumption and nitrogen (N) volatilization losses in the presence of fire. We evaluated our hypothesis by measuring how litter burial alters decomposition and N and phosphorus (P) turnover of longleaf pine and turkey oak (Quercus laevis Walt.) litter over four years, and then simulated interactive ecosystem-level effects of litter burial and low-intensity fires on N and P dynamics of the litter layer. In the field, mass loss was over two times greater and N and P were released much more rapidly from litter buried beneath mounds than on the surface of the forest floor. At a measured rate of mound formation covering 2.3 ± 0.6% of the forest floor per year, litter mass and N and P content of the forest floor simulated over an eight-year period were approximately 11% less than amounts in areas without pocket gopher mounds. In contrast to unburied litter, litter beneath mounds is protected from consumption during fires, and as fire interval increased, consumption rates decreased because mounds cover more years of accumulated litter. Our research indicates that bioturbation and burial of litter by pocket gophers accelerates turnover of N and P on the forest floor, and in the presence of fire, conserves N in this ecosystem where productivity is known to be nutrient limited.
Data for: The impacts of bioenergy pine plantation management practices on bee communities
<p>1. Cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks is a growing land-use worldwide, yet we have a poor understanding of how bioenergy crop management practices affect biodiversity. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for candidate cellulosic bioenergy feedstocks, such as tree plantations, and for organisms that provide important ecosystem services, such as pollinators.</p> <p>2. We examined bee communities in 83 sites across three states in the southeastern USA—Alabama, Florida and Georgia. We compared bee abundance and diversity in 66 pine plantation sites that reflect management with and without potential bioenergy feedstock production. At least three bioenergy feedstock production methods have been proposed for this region: 1) converting conventional timber stands to short-rotation bioenergy plantations; 2) harvesting feedstock by thinning conventional plantations; and 3) harvesting of woody debris residues after plantations have been clear-cut.</p> <p>3. We found that bioenergy-associated management practices including younger plantations (relative to older) and woody debris removal (relative to debris unremoved) in clear-cut plantations were associated with reduced bee diversity. Removing ground debris in clear-cut plantations also drastically increased bee abundance, though this effect was largely driven by strong dominance of just two bee species. Clear-cut plantations had lower beta diversity than standing plantations.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Management practices associated with bioenergy feedstock production can have negative effects on bee community diversity. In particular, harvesting of debris in clear-cut plantations dramatically reduces bee diversity. Large-scale bioenergy feedstock production that increases the prevalence of young and clear-cut stands may cause landscape-level beta diversity to decline. Nevertheless, bioenergy pine plantations likely support higher bee diversity than corn fields, an alternative bioenergy feedstock.</p>
Public opinion about management strategies for a low-profile Species across multiple jurisdictions: whitebark pine in the northern Rockies
<p>1. As public land managers seek to adopt and implement conservation measures aimed at reversing or slowing the negative effects of climate change, they are looking to understand public opinion regarding different management strategies.</p> <p>2. This study explores drivers of attitudes toward different management strategies (i.e., no management, protection, and restoration) for a low-profile but keystone tree species, the whitebark pine (<i>Pinus albicaulis</i>), in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Since the whitebark pine species has a range that traverses different federal land designations, we examine whether attitudes toward management strategies differ by jurisdiction (i.e., wilderness or federal lands more generally).</p> <p>3. We conducted a web and mail survey of residents from Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, with 1,617 valid responses and a response rate of 16%. <a name="_Hlk36455244"></a></p> <p>4. We find that active management strategies have substantially higher levels of support than does no management, with relatively little differentiation across protection and restoration activities or across different land designations. We also find that support for management strategies is not influenced by values (political ideology) but is influenced by beliefs (about material vs. post-material environmental orientation, global climate change, and federal spending for public lands) and some measures of experience (e.g., knowledge of threats).</p> <p>5. This study helps land managers understand that support for active management of the whitebark pine species is considerable and nonpartisan and that beliefs and experience with whitebark pine trees are important for support</p>
Data from: In situ genetic association for serotiny, a fire-related trait, in Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton)
Wildfire is a major ecological driver of plant evolution. Understanding the genetic basis of plant adaptation to wildfire is crucial, because impending climate change will involve fire regime changes worldwide. We studied the molecular genetic basis of serotiny, a fire-related trait, in Mediterranean maritime pine using association genetics. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set was used to identify genotype : phenotype associations in situ in an unstructured natural population of maritime pine (eastern Iberian Peninsula) under a mixed-effects model framework. RR-BLUP was used to build predictive models for serotiny in this region. Model prediction power outside the focal region was tested using independent range-wide serotiny data. Seventeen SNPs were potentially associated with serotiny, explaining approximately 29% of the trait phenotypic variation in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Similar prediction power was found for nearby geographical regions from the same maternal lineage, but not for other genetic lineages. Association genetics for ecologically relevant traits evaluated in situ is an attractive approach for forest trees provided that traits are under strong genetic control and populations are unstructured, with large phenotypic variability. This will help to extend the research focus to ecological keystone non-model species in their natural environments, where polymorphisms acquired their adaptive value.
Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity self-consistent spatial discretization mesh
<p>Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity<br> ==========================================</p> <p>An unstructured mesh spatial discretisation of the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf ocean cavity.</p> <p>This is stored in an unstructured VTU file defined by the visualisation toolkit VTK [2].</p> <p>A state PVSM file for Paraview [3] is also provided to reproduce visualisations shown in [1]. Note that Paraview requires absolute pathnames, so it may be necessary to edit file references to the VTU file in this state file.</p> <p>Files<br> -----</p> <p>- PineIslandGlacierIceShelfOceanCavity.vtu<br> - PineIslandGlacierIceShelfOceanCavity_grid_quality_analysis.pvsm</p> <p>Author<br> ------</p> <p>- Dr Adam S. Candy <a.s.candy@tudelft.nl>, <candy@cantab.net><br> - Technische Universiteit Delft<br> - Imperial College London</p> <p>References<br> ----------</p> <p>[1] Candy, A.S., 2016. A consistent approach to unstructured mesh generation for geophysical models. In review. Preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.08491.</p> <p>[2] The Visualization Toolkit (VTK), version 5.10.1. URL: http://www.vtk.org.</p> <p>[3] Paraview, version 4.3.1. https://www.paraview.org.</p>
Database of experimental determinations of soil respiration in pine and spruce forests during the growing season of 2023 at the Lyalsky test site (middle taiga, northeast of the East European Plain)
<p>The data set includes the results of 342 measurements of CO2 emissions (SR, gС/m2/day) from the soil surface of coniferous ecosystems at the Lyalsky test site during the growing season (May-September) of 2023. The objects of the study were: pine forest (PS, Gleyic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic)) and spruce forest (SM, Albic Retisols). The values of temperature (Ts, at a depth of 10 cm), moisture (Ms, in a layer of 0-5 cm) of the soil and air temperature (Ta) are also given.</p><p>The research was carried out by employees of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the most important innovative project of national importance "Development of a system for ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the creation of recording data systems on the fluxes of climate-active substances and the carbon budget in forests and other terrestrial ecological systems" (Registration number: 123030300031-6). </p>
FS1773 Pinyon Pine Cone
Pine cone found on the ground near an archaeological site in the Coconino Forest close to Sedona, Arizona, . The pine cones from Pinyon Pine trees similar to this were prized by Native American Indians in the SW region as being a multi-use source of nutrition and medicines. The nut like seeds derived from cones like this were ground up to make flour or eaten raw or roasted. Pine trees such as this type were sought out as they would also attract birds and animals who were then hunted. This model is part of an ongoing project to document facets of the life of Native Americans as seen at some of our Heritage Sites. Additional information about the Red Rock District of the Coconino Forest can be found at the following web sites http://www.sedonaredrocktrails.org/ http://www.fs.usda.gov/recmain/coconino/recreation Information about volunteer opportunities in the Coconino Forest including the creation of the 3D models and other projects can be found at http://www.friendsoftheforestsedona.org/ Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Relationships between rhizosphere microbial communities, soil abiotic properties and root trait variation within a pine species
<p>Rhizosphere microbes play important roles in plant performance and ecosystem functioning. It is becoming increasingly clear that rhizosphere communities vary with soil properties and variation in root traits among plant species. However, less is known about whether and how variation in root traits within plant species influences the rhizosphere microbial communities.</p> <p>We evaluated the intraspecific root traits variation and explored their associations with bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere by focusing on an ectomycorrhizal tree<em> </em>species, i.e., <em>Pinus massoniana</em>, in 22 sites in subtropical China.</p> <p>The first dimension of the principal component analysis on root traits revealed evidence for the 'conservation' gradient of the root economics space. Overall, root traits explained more variation in fungal communities than in bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Functional composition of rhizosphere microbial communities changed significantly along the 'conservation' gradient, with fast-growing copiotrophic bacteria and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi were significantly enriched on the 'acquisition' side, while slow-growing oligotrophic bacteria were significantly enriched on the 'conservation' side of the gradient.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis</em></strong>: Our study demonstrates that intraspecific variation in plant roots significantly influence rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn can influence plant nutrition and therefore plant performance within the community.</p>
Responses of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers to melt and sliding parameterizations
<p>Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers are the two largest contributors to sea level rise from Antarctica. Here we examine the influence of basal friction and melt in determining projected losses. We examine both Weertman and Coulomb friction laws with explicit weakening as the ice thins to flotation, which many friction laws include implicitly via the effective pressure. We find relatively small differences with the choice of friction law (Weertman or Coulomb) but find losses are highly sensitive to the rate at which the basal traction is reduced as the area above the grounding line thins. Consistent with earlier work on Pine Island Glacier, we find sea level contributions from both glaciers vary linearly with the melt volume averaged over time and space, with little influence from the spatial or temporal distribution of melt. Based on recent estimates of melt from other studies, our work simulations suggest that melt-driven combined sea-level rise contribution from both glaciers is unlikely to exceed 10 cm by 2200. We do not include other factors, such as ice shelf breakup that might increase loss, nor factors such as increased accumulation and isostatic uplift that may mitigate loss.</p>
Data from: Climate change is predicted to impact the global distribution and richness of pines (genus Pinus) by 2070
<p>Aim: Climate change is altering habitat suitability for many organisms and modifying species ranges at a global scale. Here we explored the impact of climate change on 112 pine species (<em>Pinus</em>), fundamental elements of Northern terrestrial ecosystems.</p> <p>Location: Global.</p> <p>Methods: We applied a novel methodology for species distribution modelling that considers uncertainty in climatic projections and taxon sampling, and incorporates elements of species' recent evolutionary history. We based our niche calculations on climate and soil data and computed projections across multiple algorithms and IPCC scenarios, which were ensembled into one single suitability map. We then used phylogenetic methods to account for recent evolution in climatic requirements by estimating the evolution of climatic niche. Edaphoclimatic and evolutionary analyses were then combined to calibrate the projections in areas showing high uncertainty. We validated our models using naturalized occurrences of invasive pine species.</p> <p>Results: Our models predicted that by 2070 most pine species (58%) might face important reductions of habitat suitability, potentially leading to range losses and a decrease in species richness, particularly in some regions such as the Mediterranean Basin and South North America, albeit migration might mitigate these shifts in some cases. In contrast, our projections showed increased habitat suitability for approx. 20% of species, which may undergo range expansions under climate change. Moreover, the consideration of recent evolutionary trends modified projected scenarios, decreasing range loss and increasing range expansion for some species. The independent validation endorsed our models for many species and the influence of recent evolution in some cases.</p> <p>Conclusions: We predict that climate change will impose drastic changes in pine distribution and diversity across biogeographical regions, but the magnitude and direction of change will vary significantly across regions and taxa. Species-level responses are likely to be influenced by regional conditions and the recent evolutionary history of each taxon.</p>
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from invasive pine sawfly Diprion similis
<p>Biological introductions are unintended "natural experiments" that provide unique insights into evolutionary processes. Invasive phytophagous insects are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists studying adaptation, as introductions often require rapid adaptation to novel host plants. However, adaptive potential of invasive populations may be limited by reduced genetic diversity—a problem known as the "genetic paradox of invasions". One potential solution to this paradox is if there are multiple invasive waves that bolster genetic variation in invasive populations. Evaluating this hypothesis requires characterizing genetic variation and population structure in the invaded range. To this end, we assemble a reference genome and describe patterns of genetic variation in the introduced white pine sawfly, <em>Diprion</em> <em>similis</em>. This species was introduced to North America in 1914, where it has rapidly colonized the thin-needled eastern white pine (<em>Pinus</em> <em>strobus</em>), making it an ideal invasion system for studying adaptation to novel environments. To evaluate evidence of multiple introductions, we generated whole-genome resequencing data for 64 <em>D</em>. <em>similis</em> females sampled across the North American range. Both model-based and model-free clustering analyses supported a single population for North American <em>D</em>. <em>similis</em>. Within this population, we found evidence of isolation-by-distance and a pattern of declining heterozygosity with distance from the hypothesized introduction site. Together, these results support a single-introduction event. We consider implications of these findings for the genetic paradox of invasion and discuss priorities for future research in <em>D</em>. <em>similis</em>, a promising model system for invasion biology.</p>
Dataset: Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon invasion in subarctic Iceland: evidence from a long-term study.
<p>This dataset supports the paper <em>Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) Invasion in Subarctic Iceland: Evidence from a Long-Term Study</em>, published in <em>NeoBiota</em>. It includes the following files:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Point_data_distribution.csv</strong>: Contains distribution point data for <em>Pinus contorta</em> in Steinadalur, using the WGS 84 coordinate reference system (EPSG:4326).</li> <li><strong>Plot_data_pinus.csv</strong>: provides data on plant species richness within study plots.</li> <li><strong>Transects_data.csv</strong>: Includes information on the density of <em>P. contorta</em> along transects.</li> </ol>
Database of initial survival of three pine species after antitranspirant application
<p>Raw data from the Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales paper: "Initial survival of three pine species after antitranspirant application" Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales <strong>2022</strong> 13(69): 176-199. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9020071">10.29298/rmcf.v13i69.1145.</a></p> <p>The database corresponds to seedlings of three Mexican pines: <em>P. cooperi, P. durangensis</em> and <em>P. engelmannii</em>, that were treated with three antitranspirant products (Vapor Gard, Fitoglass, and Ecofilm) and two application methods (spraying and immersion). Survival data and root neck diameter were measured.</p>
Tree-ring dataset of black pine (Pinus nigra) along an elevation gradient in the Cazorla Mountains (South of Spain)
<p>Tree-ring dataset in Heidelberg and Tucson formats of <em>Pinus nigra</em> samples from living trees in four sites along an elevation gradient in the Cazorla and Segura Mountains (South of Spain). There are two types of files: the ones that contain the mean curves per tree (file code contains "mc"), and the ones containing the measurements of each individual core (files coded as "sm", single measurements). These samples were researched within the scope of the NWO-funded project <em>Filling in the blanks in European dendrochronology</em>. The results were published in the following article:</p> <p>Domínguez-Delmás, M., Alejano-Monge, R., Wazny, T., García González, I<em>.</em>, 2013. Radial growth variations of black pine along an elevation gradient in the Cazorla Mountains (South of Spain) and their relevance for historical and environmental studies. <em>Eur J Forest Res</em> <strong>132, </strong>635–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0700-7</p> <p>Refer to the article for further information.</p> <p> </p>
Changes in the intensity of heartwood formation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) ontogenesis
<p>An essential stage in woody plant ontogeny (heartwood (HW) formation) determines tree resistance to weather conditions, wood quality (moisture, colour, resistance to biodegradation), and regulates the proportion of functionally active sapwood (SW) in the total trunk biomass. In this study, the patterns of HW formation depending on tree age and cambial age within the same tree were studied in the North-West of Russia in Scots pine in a lingonberry pine forest. It is shown that HW either repeats the trunk profile or shows a maximum proportion on average at the height of 1.5 m. Models using the square root transformation and logarithm transformation have been proposed to predict the number of annual rings in HW depending on the cambial age. Multiple regression is proposed to predict the radial width in HW. Validation of the developed models on random trees gave a good result. HW formation begins at the age of 17–18 years and continues at the rate of 0.3 rings per year for 20–30-year-old trees, 0.4–0.5 rings per year for 70–80-year-old trees, and about 0.7 rings per year for 180-year-old trees. The lifespan of xylem parenchyma cells ranged from 10–15 years in 20-year-old trees to 70 years in 180-year-old trees. At the age of the previous felling (70–80 years) the HW area in the trunk biomass is about 20%, and in 180-year-old pine forests, it increases to 50%. These data can be used to assess the role of old-growth forests in carbon sequestration.</p>
Data from: Location, but not defensive genotype, determines ectomycorrhizal community composition in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings
<p class="western"><span><span><span>1. For successful colonisation of host roots, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi must overcome host defence systems, and <span>defensive phenotypes have previously been shown to affect the community composition of EM fungi associated with hosts</span>. Secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, form a core part of these defence systems, but it is not yet understood whether variation in these constitutive defences can result in variation in colonisation of hosts by specific fungal species.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span>2. We planted seedlings from twelve maternal families of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) of known terpene genotype reciprocally in the field in each of six sites. After three months we characterised the mycorrhizal fungal community of each seedling using a combination of morphological categorisation and molecular barcoding, and assessed the terpene chemodiversity for a subset of the seedlings. We examined whether parental genotype or terpene chemodiversity affected the diversity or composition of a seedling's mycorrhizal community.</span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><span>3. While we found that terpene chemodiversity was highly heritable, w</span>e found no evidence that parental defensive genotypeor defensive phenoytpeaffected associations with EM fungi. Instead, we found that the location of seedlings, both <span>within and between sites</span>, was the only determinant of the diversity and makeup of EM communities.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>4. These results suggest that <span>while EM community composition varies within Scotland at both large and small scales</span>, variation in constitutive defensive compounds does not determine the EM communities of closely cohabiting pine seedlings. Patchy distributions of EM fungi at small scales may render any genetic variation in associations with different species unrealisable in field conditions. <span>The case for selection on traits mediating associations with specific fungal species may thus be overstated, at least in seedlings.</span></span></span></span></p>
Ericaceous dwarf shrubs contribute a significant but drought-sensitive fraction of soil respiration in a boreal pine forest
<p><span>Boreal forests often have a dense understory of ericaceous dwarf shrubs with ecological adaptations that contrast those of the canopy-forming trees. It is therefore important to quantify contributions by understory shrubs to ecosystem processes and disentangle shrub- and tree-driven responses, and their interactions, to climatic factors. </span><span>We quantified soil respiration driven by the pine canopy and the ericaceous shrub understory over three years, using a factorial pine root-exclusion and shrub-removal experiment in a mature <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> forest. Soil temperature and moisture-related responses of respiration attributed to autotrophic (shrubs, pine roots) and heterotrophs were compared. Additionally, we assessed effects of interactions between these functional groups on soil nitrogen availability and respiration. </span><span>Understory shrubs accounted for </span><span>22 ± 10% of total autotrophic respiration, reflecting the ericaceous proportion of fine root production in the ecosystem. Heterotrophic respiration constituted about half of total soil respiration. Shrub-driven respiration was more susceptible to drought than heterotrophic- and pine-driven autotrophic respiration. While the respiration attributed to canopy and understory remained additive, indicating no competitive release, </span><span>the plant guilds competed for inorganic N. </span><span>Ericaceous understory shrubs accounted for a small, yet significant, share of total growing season soil respiration. Overlooking understory respiration may lead to erroneous partitioning and modelling of soil respiration mediated by functional guilds with contrasting responses to soil temperature and moisture. A higher share of activity of both heterotrophs and pine roots, under drought conditions, could have important implications for soil organic matter accumulation and decomposition as the climate changes.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.