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Magnesium isotope constraints on the Holocene hydromagnesite formation in alkaline Lake Dujiali, central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p>This dataset contains the following nice Tables:</p> <p>1. Table S-1 Mineralogical compositions of hydromagnesite and lake sediments.</p> <p>2. Table S-2 Mg isotope and Sr data of Dujiali Lake.</p> <p>3. Table S-3 Chemical compositions of waters in Dujiali lake. </p> <p>4. Table S-4 The compilation of small rivers draining only ultramafic rocks.</p> <p>5. Table S-5 The compilation of Mg/Ca ratios (mol/mol) of alkaline lakes in the world.</p> <p>6. Table S-6 The compilation of δ 26Mg in river waters, groundwater, soil water and hydromagnesite.</p> <p>7. Table S-7 The major elements compositions of lake sediments and hydromagensite.</p> <p>8. Table S-8 Model input parameters.</p> <p>9. Table S-9: Model parameters.</p>
Contrasting population genomic differentiation in two sympatric Triplophysa loaches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p><span>Under global climate change, the Qinghai-Tibet</span><span> Plateau</span> <span>(QTP) has experienced dramatic environmental changes, including salinity changes of water bodies, which may threaten the biodiversity of aquatic organisms on the 'roof of the world'. The Tibetan loaches (the genus <em>Triplophysa</em>) are the largest component of the QTP ichthyofauna. Here we compared the population structure and adaptive mechanisms to salinity of two sympatric Tibetan loach species, <em>T. stewarti</em> and <em>T. stenura</em>, using population genomics methods. Using both the 'common' and 'individual' SNP datasets of seven populations from five localities of the two species, we found out that the two species showed entirely different patterns of population differentiation, with <em>T. stewarti</em> populations deeply diverged and <em>T. stenura</em> populations mixed. We identified a catalogue of candidate genes possibly involved in salinity acclimatation of the two species using both unsupervised and supervised population differentiation methods. In this section, a new approach - linkage disequilibrium (LD) graph learning - was developed and utilized to identify clusters of loci showing similar genetic differentiation patterns. However, we found limited parallel adaptive signals to salinity of the two species using these methods. Our findings broaden our understandings of the population characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of these previously underexplored Tibetan loach species, and will play a role in the biodiversity protection of <em>Triplophysa</em> species on the QTP.</span></p>
YAK PARASITE INJECTABLES: Bde skyid (Xingfu), Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China
<p>YAK PARASITE INJECTABLES: Bde skyid (Xingfu), Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China</p> <p> by Gser mo mtho གསེར་མོ་མཚོ། (赛毛措 Saimaocuo)</p> <p> On Tuesday, March 24, 2024, I visited my older sister's home in Bde skyid (Xingfu), Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China, which required approximately thirty-five minutes from my home by private car. My sister, Ma rdo (b. 1984), married Rta lo rgyal (b. 1978) when she was seventeen in an arranged marriage. They have two daughters and a son.</p> <p>Rta lo rgyal informed me that he administered medication to the yaks to treat parasites, but the parasites returned in a week. Recently, a veterinarian informed him about anti-parasite injectables that offered three months of protection. Thus, he planned to go to town the next day to obtain the injectables</p> <p><a name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a>Sister and I led the yaks into an enclosure on government-owned land. The government allows herders to graze their livestock on this land after harvest. Most herders use this land because they can do so without paying, but only in winter and early autumn. The land is a fifteen-minute walk from their homes.</p> <p>On Monday, March 25, 2024, at 5 AM, Rta lo rgyal went to town to get the injectables, which took forty minutes from his home by private car. He returned at 9 AM. We started administering the injectables at 9:30 AM. Neighbors assisted. It took two hours to treat one hundred yaks.</p> <p> </p> <p>TIBETAN TERMS</p> <p>bde skyid བདེ་སྐྱིད།</p> <p>gser mo mtho གསེར་མོ་མཚོ།</p> <p>ma rdo མ་རྡོ།</p> <p>mang zdong མང་རྫོང་།</p> <p>mgo mang མགོ་མང་།</p> <p>mstho lho མཚོ་ལྷོ།</p> <p>mstho snon མཚོ་སྔོན།</p> <p>rgaya kho རྒྱ་ཁོ།</p> <p>rta lo rgyal རྟ་ལོ་རྒྱལ།</p> <p>sha rgya ཤ་རྒྱ།</p> <p> </p> <p>CHINESE TERMS</p> <p>Guinan 贵南</p> <p>Guoma Ying 过马营</p> <p>Hainan 海南</p> <p>Qinghai 青海</p> <p>Xingfu 幸福</p>
TIBETAN SRUNG RTAGS AND YAK PARASITE TREATMENT, Sha rgya Community, Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China
<p>TIBETAN <em>SRUNG RTAGS</em> AND YAK PARASITE TREATMENT, Sha rgya Community, Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China</p> <p><a name="OLE_LINK9"></a>by Gser mo mtho གསེར་མོ་མཚོ། (赛毛措 Saimaocuo)</p> <p>I recorded my maternal grandmother (Dkar mo rgyal, b. 1937) and my mother (Rgya kho, b. 1964) making <em>srung rtags</em> 'protective clothing labels from wool and a cloth' using my iPhone 12 on Friday, March 1, 2024. Grandmother explained that the wool must be greased because grease symbolizes wealth and merit. In our home in <a name="OLE_LINK5"></a>Sha rgya Community, <a name="OLE_LINK2"></a>Mgo mang (Guomaying) Township, Mang rdzong (Guinan) County, Mstho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mstho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China, we perform the Srung rtags ritual once a year, usually on the first, third, or fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year. These days are considered auspicious. The ritual's purpose is to eliminate all distractions and obstacles to complete what you desire as soon as possible.</p> <p>On the first day, Grandmother and Mother made six <em>srung rtags</em> for six different yaks belonging to guardian deities: Dpa’ ldan lha mo, Yul lha, A myes dam chen mgar ba nag po, A myes glang chen, A myes rma chen, and Sman chu’i a ma lab sgron ma, which took twenty minutes. Mother mentioned that she didn't want to make <em>srung rtags</em> for Dpa’ Idan Iha mo, a female guardian deity because one yak that had belonged to her after the yak died suddenly. Grandmother believed this was because the deity was unhappy. Grandmother said a <em>bla ma</em> said that ten of our yaks died in 2023 because Dpa 'Idan Iha mo was unhappy, so this year, we needed to offer her more incense to make her happy.</p> <p>On Saturday, March 3, 2024, Grandmother, Mother, my younger sister (Klu mo mtsho, b. 2006), and I performed the ritual. Mother prepared two scoops of water - one with milk and one without. Water-only was poured over the yaks before tying the<em>srung rtags</em> to the yak’s manes. After tying the <em>srung rtags</em> to the yaks' manes, butter was smeared on the horns, forehead, and muzzle. Finally, water-with-milk was poured over the yaks. If the yaks shook, it indicated that the guardian deities were pleased.</p> <p>On Monday, March 5, 2024, Mother said there were numerous parasites on the yaks' hair, especially on the calves. She had treated the parasites several times in the past month, but they persisted. She then purchased a parasite poison from Mgo mang (Guomaying) Town. It was hard to apply to the yak’s skin because of its strong smell, making the yak flee. Consequently, she mixed ash with the poison, reducing the odor. When Mother was younger, her grandmother used ash or rapeseed oil to treat yak parasites, which proved effective. Mother also used rapeseed oil to treat yak parasites, but it was only temporarily effective. I didn't help her much because I was recording, but I gave them oil while they were treating the yaks for parasites.</p> <p> </p> <p>TIBETAN TERMS</p> <p>a myes dam chen mgar ba nag po ཨ་མྱེས་དམ་ཅན་མགར་བ་ནག་པོ།</p> <p>a myes glang chen ཨ་མྱེས་གླང་ཆེན།</p> <p>a myes rma chen ཨ་མྱེས་རྨ་ཆེན།</p> <p>bla ma བླ་མ།</p> <p>dkar mo rgyal དཀར་མོ་རྒྱལ།</p> <p>dpa’ ldan Iha mo དཔའ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ།</p> <p>gser mo mtho གསེར་མོ་མཚོ།</p> <p>mang zdong མང་རྫོང་།</p> <p>mgo mang མགོ་མང་།</p> <p>mstho lho མཚོ་ལྷོ།</p> <p>mstho snon མཚོ་སྔོན།</p> <p>rgaya kho རྒྱ་ཁོ།</p> <p>sha rgya ཤ་རྒྱ།</p> <p>Sman chu’i a ma lab sgron ma སྨན་ཆུའི་ཨ་མ་ལབ་སྒྲོན་མ།</p> <p>srung rtags སྲུང་རྟགས།</p> <p>yul lha ཡུལ་ལྷ།</p> <p> </p> <p>CHINESE TERMS</p> <p>Guinan 贵南</p> <p>Guoma Ying 过马营</p> <p>Hainan 海南</p> <p>Qinghai 青海</p>
Water level of Qinghai Lake based on multi-source satellite altimetry data
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Suppl. material 2 from: Heng L-M, Zheng Y-L, Zhao Y-B, Wang Y-J (2018) Radiation of members of the Soroseris hookeriana complex (Asteraceae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their proposed taxonomic treatment. PhytoKeys 114: 11-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.29914
The 50% majority rule consensus tree derived from Bayesian inference of the combined sequences of nuclear internal transcribed spacer, psbA-trnH and matK : Explanation note: Posterior probabilities and bootstrap percentages are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. The samples named according to FOC (2011) or NCBI, Stebbins (1940) and the present study are listed from left to right.
Suppl. material 1 from: Heng L-M, Zheng Y-L, Zhao Y-B, Wang Y-J (2018) Radiation of members of the Soroseris hookeriana complex (Asteraceae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their proposed taxonomic treatment. PhytoKeys 114: 11-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.29914
The main morphological difference amongst members of the Soroserishookeriana complex and the closely related species :
Fig. 6 in Cryptic and repeated "allopolyploid" speciation within Allium przewalskianum Regel. (Alliaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Fig. 6 Origin of different tetraploid groups in A. przewalskianum inferred from AFLP, ITS, and CHS phylogenetic analyses. a A hypothesized origin of different tetraploid groups; b distributional patterns of tetraploid groups and differentiated diploid groups
Fig. 5 a in Cryptic and repeated "allopolyploid" speciation within Allium przewalskianum Regel. (Alliaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Fig. 5 a Predicted distributions of the northern tetraploid group (NTP), the diploid populations (DP), and the southern tetraploid group (STP) of A. przewalskianum based on ecological niche modeling using MaxEnt. Predicted distributions are shown for (1) the present time, (2) at the LGM
Fig. 4 in Comparative analysis of peripheral blood reveals transcriptomic adaptations to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the gray wolf (Canis lupus chanco)
Fig. 4 Reconstructed mitochondrial DNA tree of the worldwide distributed wolves. The numbers at each node are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (right) and ML bootstrap propor- tions (left)
Fig. 3 in Comparative analysis of peripheral blood reveals transcriptomic adaptations to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the gray wolf (Canis lupus chanco)
Fig. 3 Scatterplot of enriched KEGG pathways for DEGs between the Tibetan and lowland wolves. The enrichment factor is the ratio of the DEG number to the total gene number in the pathway. The dot size and color represent the gene number and the range of the p value respectively
Fig. 1 in Comparative analysis of peripheral blood reveals transcriptomic adaptations to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the gray wolf (Canis lupus chanco)
Fig. 1 Gene expression profiles of blood in Tibetan and lowland wolves. a Boxplot of the log transformed FPKM expression values across eight wolf blood samples. FPKM: fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments. The solid horizontal line represents the median, and the box
FIGURE 28 in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 28. Distribution map of Saussurea chinduensis (C), S. dulongjiangensis (D), S. habashanensis (H), S. jiulongensis (J), S. minutiloba (Mi), S. multiloba (Mu), S. pseudojiulongensis (Pj), S. pseudolingulata (Pl), S. pseudoplatyphyllaria (Pp), S. pseudoyunnanensis (Py), S. shuiluoensis (Sh), S. sobarocephaloides (So), S. tsoongii (T), S. xianrendongensis (X), S. yangii (Ya). S. yanyuanensis (Yy), S. yui (Yu), S. zayuensis (Zy) and S. zogangensis (Zo).
FIGURE 26. Saussurea yangii. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 26. Saussurea yangii. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). D. Floret (with pappus removed). E. Inner pappus bristle. F. Outer pappus bristle. G. Anthers. H. Leaf section (adaxial surface). I. Leaf section (abaxial surface). J. Floret. All from Kham Expedition 10-2656 (PE). Drawn by Mr. Y.X. Zhu.
FIGURE 25. Saussurea pseudojiulongensis. A in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 25. Saussurea pseudojiulongensis. A. Habit (lower part). B. Habit (upper part). C. Style branches. D. Inner pappus bristle. E. Floret (with pappus removed). F. Outer pappus bristle. G. Anthers. H. Floret. I. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). J. Cross section of leaf. All from Qinghai-Tibetan Expedition 13287 (PE).Drawn by Mr. Y.X. Zhu.
FIGURE 23. Saussurea shuiluoensis. A in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 23. Saussurea shuiluoensis. A. Habit (without caudex). B. Pappus. C. Achene. D. Corolla with style and anthers. E. Phyllaries (from left to right, inner to outer series). All from S. G. Wu 3467 (KUN, PE). Drawn by Mrs. P. Liu.
FIGURE 22. Saussurea sobarocephaloides. A in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 22. Saussurea sobarocephaloides. A. Habit (lower part). B. Habit (upper part). C. Outer pappus bristle. D. Inner pappus bristle. E. Floret (with pappus removed). F. Anthers. G. Style branches. H. Floret. I. Leaf section (adaxial and abaxial surfaces). J. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). All from T. T. Yu 3752 (PE). Drawn by Mr. Y.X. Zhu.
FIGURE 21. Saussurea yanyuanensis. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 21. Saussurea yanyuanensis. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C. Cross section of leaf. D. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). E. Inner pappus bristle. F. Outer pappus bristle. G. Anthers. H. Floret (with pappus removed). I. Floret. J. Leaf section. All from Y. S. Chen & Y. C. Bi 11-075 (PE). Drawn by Mr. Y.X. Zhu.
FIGURE 20. Saussurea pseudoyunnanensis. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 20. Saussurea pseudoyunnanensis. A. Habit. B. Style branches. C. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). D. Floret. E. Leaf section (abaxial surface). F. Anthers. G. Floret (with pappus removed). H. Outer pappus bristle. I. Inner pappus bristle. All from Kham Expedition 10-3032 (PE). Drawn by Mr. Y.X. Zhu.
FIGURE 19. Saussurea dulongjiangensis. A. Habit. B. Capitulum. C. Achene. D. Anther. E in Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
FIGURE 19. Saussurea dulongjiangensis. A. Habit. B. Capitulum. C. Achene. D. Anther. E. Floret (with pappus removed). F. Style branches. G. Floret. H. Phyllaries (from left to right, outer to inner series). I. Outer pappus bristle. J. Inner pappus bristle. All from Gaoligong shan Biodiversity Survery 17014 (KUN, E). Drawn by Mrs. Z.J. Chen.
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