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FIGURE 1 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 1 The gonadal structure of Carassius auratus red var. [RCC; (a)–(c)] and autotetraploids C. auratus red var. ♀ × Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ [4nRR; (d)–(f)]: (a) ovary of 7 month-old RCC containing many phase II and a few phase III oocytes; (b) ovary of 12 month-old RCC showing many mature phase IV ova; (c) testis of 12 month-old RCC with numerous mature sperms () and a small amount of spermatocytes () in the lobules of testes; (d) ovary of 7 month-old 4nRR containing phase II and a few phase III oocytes; (e) ovary of 12 month-old 4nRR with numerous mature phase IV ova; (f) testis of 12 month-old 4nRR with numerous mature sperms () and a small amount of spermatocytes () in the lobules of testes, the scale bars: (a), (b), (d), and (e) = 100 μm; (c) and (f) = 10 μm

Fig. 5 in Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra)

Fig. 5. Allopeas clavulinum one of two subulinid snails possibly acting as intermediate host for the Paratanaisia bragai infection, found in one of the aviaries housing several of the cases.

Fig. 4 in Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra)

Fig. 4. Emerald dove case: Kidney with dilated collecting ducts and numerous cross section of trematodes (arrow) with minimal inflammation. HE.

Fig. 1 in Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra)

Fig. 1. Red bird-of-paradise case. (A) Renal flukes in collecting ducts (arrows) with minimal inflammatory changes. HE. (B) Necrosis and granulomatous nephritis surrounding trematode eggs (arrow). HE.

Fig. 3. Socorro dove case 2 in Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra)

Fig. 3. Socorro dove case 2. (A) Asymmetrically enlarged pale tan left and atrophic / cystic right kidney. Macroscopic view. (B) Kidney with focally extensive central necrosis surrounding fluke eggs (arrow) and surrounding granulomatous inflammatory reaction. HE. (C) Kidney with chronic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis surrounding free trematode eggs. HE.

Fig. 2. Socorro dove case 1 in Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra)

Fig. 2. Socorro dove case 1. (A) Kidneys with cranial atrophy, haemorrhage and caudal polar gout deposition and also pericardial gout deposition. Macroscopic view. (B) Cystic dilation of collecting ducts, haemorrhage and granulomatous nephritis. HE.

Fig. 23 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Fig. 23. Gillonella ampulla Nielson & Godoy, 1995 photographed in situ. Photo taken by Andrey Peraza.

Figs 19–22 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Figs 19–22. Gillonella ampulla Nielson & Godoy, 1995, ♂ from Braulio Carrillo (MNCR), male terminalia. 19. Aedeagus, lateral view. 20. Aedeagus, posterior view. 21. Asymmetrical processes adjoined to anal tube, dorsal view. 22. Connective, ventral view.

Fig. 10 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Fig. 10. Habitat of Christopherus mictlantecuhtli gen. et sp. nov. Ancient Cloud Forest from Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Images taken by Juvenal Aragón-Parada.

Figs 11–13 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Figs 11–13. Gillonella ampulla Nielson & Godoy, 1995, holotype, ♂ (CASENT 19796), habitus. 11. Body, dorsal view. 12. Body, lateral view. 13. Face, anterior view.

Figs 14–18 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Figs 14–18. Gillonella ampulla Nielson & Godoy, 1995, holotype, ♂ (CASENT 19796), terminalia. 14. Pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view. 15. Anal tube, lateral view. 16. Style, ventral view. 17. Aedeagus, basal atrial process, and asymmetrical processes adjoined to anal tube, lateral view. 18. Labels. a = minute tooth on posterior margin; b = dorsum of pygofer sclerotized; c = joint of aedeagus with asymmetrical processes adjoined to anal tube; d = asymmetrical processes tips.

Figs 4–8 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Figs 4–8. Christopherus mictlantecuhtli gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INHS), terminalia. 4. Pygofer, lateral view. 5. Subgenital plates and styles, ventral view. 6. Styles, ventral view. 7. Aedeagus and basal atrial process, lateral view. 8. Aedeagus and paraphysis, posterior view.

Figs 1–3 in A new genus of Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Oaxacan Cloud Forest, with taxonomic notes on allied red-striped genera

Figs 1–3. Christopherus mictlantecuhtli gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INHS), overall habitus. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Body, lateral view. 3. Face, anterior view.

3D ED tilt series of Pigment Red 5

Electron diffraction tilt series of Pigment Red 5.  The experimental data were acquired using a 200 kV Glacios transmission electron microscope (Thermo Fisher) operating at liquid nitrogen temperature, employing the EPU-D (Thermo Fisher) module in continuous rotation mode. Electron diffraction patterns were collected in nanodiffraction mode, with an effective beam diameter of 1 µm on the sample. Tilt series were acquired within a goniometer tilt range of -60° to 70°, with a frame interval of 1° and a rotation speed of 0.5 s/1°. A binning factor of 4 was applied to the CETA camera, resulting in an effective pixel size of 0.002 Å^−1.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Data from: Insights from a 31-year study demonstrate an inverse correlation between recreational activities and red deer fecundity, with body weight as a mediator

Human activity is omnipresent in our landscapes. Animals can perceive risk from humans similar to predation risk, which could affect their fitness. We assessed the influence of the relative intensity of recreational activities on body weight and pregnancy rates of red deer (Cervus elaphus) between 1985 and 2015. We hypothesized that stress, as a result of recreational activities, affects pregnancy rates of red deer directly and indirectly via a reduction in body weight. Furthermore, we expected non-motorized recreational activities to have a larger negative effect on both body weight and fecundity, compared to motorized recreational activities. The intensity of recreational activities was recorded through visual observations. We obtained pregnancy data from female red deer that were shot during the regular hunting season. Additionally, age and body weight were determined through post-mortem examination. We used two generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to test the effect of different types of recreation on 1) pregnancy rates and 2) body weight of red deer. Recreation had a direct negative correlation with the fecundity of red deer, with body weight as a mediator as expected. Besides, we found a negative effect of non-motorized recreation on fecundity and body weight and no significant effect of motorized recreation. Our results support the concept of humans as an important stressor affecting wild animal populations at a population level and plead to regulate recreational activities in protected areas that are sensitive. The fear humans induce in large-bodied herbivores and its consequences for fitness may have strong implications for animal populations.

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Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)

In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species this pattern is reversed, with more colourful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colourful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. The red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) is a colourful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable colour variation. Here, we describe sex differences in colour and quantify associations between colour variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across three consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored colour variation for four body parts (bill, crown, cheek and breast), and analysed scores separately and combined into an overall colour score. Females were more colourful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown colour. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall colour scores. Assortative mating by colour was only found for the bill. Colour variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek colour. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall colour scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropes that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher colour scores. Female colour variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, phalarope colour variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate.

Figure 1 in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 1. The Pleistocene raised coral reef limestones exposed at the type locality of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. just south of the Carnelia Beach Resort, located between El Quseir and Marsa Alam, exhibiting scleractinian corals as primary reef builders (a) and giant clams Tridacna spp. weathering from the carbonate–siliciclastic rocks (b) that mix with Holocene and modern Tridacna valves, forming a highly time-averaged assemblage (c).

Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the outer surface of a large recent Tridacna squamosa valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671). (a) Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces. (b) Close-up of a cluster of N. carnelia. (c) A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches.

Figure 3 in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host's shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid).