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FIG. 8 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 8. — Microphotographs of female specimens of Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. A, body; B, oral rim tubular duct with upper view (picture above) and lateral view (picture down); C, discoidal bilocular pore; D, antenna; E, eyespot with upper view (picture above) and lateral view (picture down); F, tarsal digitules; G, circulus; H, anal lobe; I, multilocular disc pore; J, oral collar tubular duct. Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B, C, H-J, 4 µm; F, µm; 10 D, E, G, 20 µm.

FIG. 6 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 6. — Microphotographs of female specimens of Paraputo nasai Caballero n. sp.: A, body; B, cerarii; C, eyespot associated with discoidal pores; D, hind femur and hind tibia with translucent pores; E, tarsal digitules; F, circulus; G, anal lobes; H, multilocular disc pores on abdominal segment VII; I, large oral collar tubular ducts (one-tipped arrow) and small oral collar tubular duct (double-tipped arrow) on margin of abdominal segment V. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 30 µm; C, E, G-I, 20 µm; D, 50 µm; F, 40 µm.

FIG. 5 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 5. — Taxonomic illustration of Paraputo nasai n. sp. adult ♀, with enlarged details: A, cerarii; B, trilocular pore; C, smaller discoidal pore; D, larger discoidal pore; E, antenna; F, hind femur and tibia; G, multilocular disc pore; H, smaller oral collar tubular duct; I, larger oral collar tubular duct; J, trilocular pore; K, discoidal pore. Scale bars: A, D, H-J, 5 µm; B, K, 3 µm; C, L, 2 µm; E, F, 100 µm.

FIG. 4 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 4. — Microphotographs of female specimens of Distichlicoccus takumasae n. sp.: A, body; B, oral rim tubular duct in lateral and surface views; C, antenna; D, eyespot; E, hind leg with translucent pores (arrows); F, anal lobe; G, multilocular disc pore; H, oral collar tubular duct. Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B, G, H, 5 µm; C, 30 µm; D, 10; E, 40 µm; F 20 µm.

FIG. 1 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 1. — Taxonomic illustration of Newsteadia andreae n. sp. adult ♀: A, section of wax plate; B, spine; C, flagellate seta; D, type I quadrilocular pore; E, simple pore; F, type II quadrilocular pore; G, anal ring; H, antenna; I, labium in dorsal (left side) and ventral (right side) view; J, fore leg; K, trochanter with two spine-like setae (arrows); L, thoracic spiracle; M, abdominal spiracle; N, longitudinal section of ovisac band. Scale bars: A, M, N, 20 µm; B-D, F, 5 µm; E, 3 µm; G, K, L, 30 µm; H-J, 100 µm.

FIG. 3 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 3. — Taxonomic illustration of Distichlicoccus takumasae n. sp. adult ♀: enlarged details with measurements correspond to: A, cerarius; B, dorsal trilocular pore; C, dorsal oral rim tubular duct; D, dorsal simple discoidal pore; E, dorsal bilocular discoidal pore; F, antenna; G, hind femur and tibia; H, ventral trilocular pore; I*, multilocular disc pore, present in only one paratype; J, ventral simple discoidal pore; K, ventral bilocular pore; L, ventral oral rim tubular duct; M, ventral oral collar tubular duct. Scale bars: B, D, H, J, K, 3 µm; A, C, E, I, L, M, 5 µm; F, G, 50 µm.

FIG. 7 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 7. — Taxonomic illustration of Pseudococcus luciae n. sp. adult ♀, enlarged details: A, cerarius; B, tritubular pore; C, oral rim tubular duct; D, dorsal large discoidal pore; E, dorsal small discoidal pore; F, discoidal bilocular pore; G, antenna; H, hind femur and tibia; I, trilocular pore; J, multilocular disc pore; K, ventral discoidal pore; L, ventral discoidal bilocular pore; M, oral rim tubular duct; N, oral collar tubular duct. Scale bars: A-F, H-K, 5 µm; G, 100 µm; M, N, 6 µm.

FIG. 2 in Four new scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with coffee roots in Colombia, South America, with identification keys for genera Newsteadia Green, 1902, Distichlicoccus Ferris, 1950, and Paraputo Laing, 1929

FIG. 2. — Microphotographs of female specimens of Newsteadia andreae n. sp.: A, body; B, quadrilocular pores in singles and pairs (single-headed arrows) and simple pores (double-headed arrows); C, anal ring; D, apex of antenna with apical longer fleshy setae (ls), subapical fleshy setae (sa), and apical shorter setae (ss); E, distal fleshy setae (ds) and flagellate setae (fs); F, eyespot separate from antennal base; G, mid-leg trochanter with spine-like setae (double-head arrows) and placoid sensilla (single-headed arrows); H, thoracic spiracle; I, abdominal spiracle. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 4 µm; C, H, 30 µm; D, F, 40 µm; E, G, I, 20 µm.

Figure 58 in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground.

Figure 14 in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum.

Figure 13. Plagiohammus species. A, P in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figure 13. Plagiohammus species. A, P. colombiensis sp. nov., Allotype female lateral view; B, P. thiodes female, from Costa Rica, lateral view.

Figures 1-12 in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female.

Figure 57 in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figure 57. Distribution of coffee* stem borers of the genus Plagiohammus in the Neotropical region, showing collection localities.

Figures 45-56. Plagiohammus species. 45-46. P in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figures 45-56. Plagiohammus species. 45-46. P. colombiensis sp. nov. male and female; 47-48. P. thiodes male and female; 49. P. maculosus male; 50-51. P. elatus male and female; 52-53. P. emanon female and male; 54-55. P. spinipennis male and female; 56. P. rubefactus male.

Figures 15-44 in Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

Figures 15-44. Right elytra of Plagiohammus type species from the neotropical region. 15. P. colombiensis sp. nov. 16. P. rubefactus. 17. P. emanon male. 18. P. emanon female. 19. P. elatus. 20. P. thiodes male. 21. P. thiodes female. 22. P. maculosus. 23. P. spinipennis. 24. P. albatus. 25. P. decorus. 26. P. granulosus. 27. P. nitidus. 28. P. sticticus. 29. P. thoracicus. 30. P. inermis. 31. P. olivescens. 32. P. sargi. 33. P. laceratus. 34. P. brunneus. 35. P. imperator. 36. P. niveus. 37. P. blairi. 38. P. camillus. 39. P. confusor. 40. P. sallei. 41. P. lunaris. 42. P. lacordairei. 43. P. ornator. 44. P. pollinosus.

FIG. 6. — Fragaria vesca L in Comparative root anatomy of Duchesnea indica, Fragaria vesca and Potentilla tucumanensis (Rosaceae) in Tucumán province, Argentina

FIG. 6. — Fragaria vesca L.: A, transversal section of root, pentarch stele; B, poliarch stele; C, early secondary structure; D, secondary structure with polyderm; E, longitudinal section, trachea segment with areolate punctuation and tracheids. Abbreviations: cp, cortex of primary structure; po, polyderm; tq, tracheid; tr, trachea. Scale bars: A, C, 70 µm; B, E, 40 µm; D, 20 µm.

FIG. 3 in Comparative root anatomy of Duchesnea indica, Fragaria vesca and Potentilla tucumanensis (Rosaceae) in Tucumán province, Argentina

FIG. 3. — Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke: A, transversal section of root with primary structure; B, longitudinal section of the cortical parenchyma with complex starch; C, diarch stele; D, triarch stele; E, tetrarch stele; F, early secondary structure. Abbreviations: ac, complex starch; cp, cortex of the primary structure; en, endodermis; ep, epidermis; p, pericycle; px, protoxylem. Scale bars: A, C-E, 20 µm; B, 10 µm; F, 100 µm.

FIG. 2 in Comparative root anatomy of Duchesnea indica, Fragaria vesca and Potentilla tucumanensis (Rosaceae) in Tucumán province, Argentina

FIG. 2. — Plants grown in laboratory: A, Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke; B, Fragaria vesca L.; C, Potentilla tucumanensis Castagnaro & Arias. Scale bars: A, 0.5 cm; B, C, 1 cm.

FIG. 5. — Fragaria vesca L in Comparative root anatomy of Duchesnea indica, Fragaria vesca and Potentilla tucumanensis (Rosaceae) in Tucumán province, Argentina

FIG. 5. — Fragaria vesca L.: A, transversal section of root, primary structure diarch; B, simple starch in cortical parechyma; C, endodermis with thick walls; D, triarch stele with lignified pericycle; E, tetrarch stele with not lignified pericycle; F, tetrarch stele in advanced state of development. Abbreviations: as, simple starch; en, endodermis; ep, epidermis; ex, exodermis; p, pericycle; px, protoxylem. Scale bars: A, B, E, 20 µm; C, D, 10 µm; F, 100 µm.

FIG. 4 in Comparative root anatomy of Duchesnea indica, Fragaria vesca and Potentilla tucumanensis (Rosaceae) in Tucumán province, Argentina

FIG. 4. — Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke: A, transversal section of root with secondary structure; B, longitudinal section, trachea scalariform segment and areolate punctuation; C, trachea segment with oblique simple plate and appendix. Abbreviations: a, appendix; ee, scalariform thickened; er, reticulate thickened; pa, areolate punctuation; pe, periderm; ps, simple plate. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, C, 10 µm.