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4,157 results for “Survival.”
Fig. 1 in Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) nymph survival and adult feeding preferences for crop plants in Florida
Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) survival of second instar Halyomorpha halys to the adult stage on various plant species. Means with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey-Kramer test, P ≤ 0.05, 3 replicates of 6 nymphs).
Fig. 3 in Effect of forest microhabitat and larval stage on overwintering survival, development, and phenology of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biological control agent of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Fig. 3. Proportion of dead (A) and diapaused (B) Spathius galinae by stage at time of deployment, and overwintering microhabitat. Fate was determined by dis- secting all logs once emergence was complete. Letters of the same type and case within the same subfigure indicate significance when data are considered by stage alone (P <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Effect of forest microhabitat and larval stage on overwintering survival, development, and phenology of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biological control agent of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Fig. 2. Deployment jar for logs containing emerald ash borer larvae parasitized by Spathius galinae. Logs were inserted in floral foam in 3.8 L polyethylene terephthalate jar with 2 mesh cutouts for ventilation and excess water drain- age. The jar was attached to the tree by resting the bottom of the jar on 2 nails hammered into the tree while a length of wire wrapped around the 2 nails on either side of the jar. Another wire looped around the neck of the jar and was fastened to the nail at the top. Water was added to the jars as needed to ensure adequate hydration of the logs and larvae.
Fig. 1. Experimental microhabitats near the USDA-ARS Louis A in Effect of forest microhabitat and larval stage on overwintering survival, development, and phenology of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biological control agent of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Fig. 1. Experimental microhabitats near the USDA-ARS Louis A. Stearns Laboratory in Newark, Delaware, USA. Letters indicate habitat type and approximate experiment locations: (A) mature forest, a larger, more mature wooded area; (B) urban forest, small, highly disturbed woodlot.
Fig. 4 in Effect of forest microhabitat and larval stage on overwintering survival, development, and phenology of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biological control agent of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Fig. 4. Survival analysis of Spathius galinae emergence from urban (A) and mature forest (B) sites over time by stage at time of deployment.
Spatial Tumor-Immune Analysis: Insights from Pathology Slides and Breast Cancer Survival
<p>Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. Among the various forms of cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer are particularly significant due to their prevalence and impact. Breast cancer in particular contributing to around 30\% of all new female cases each year, while also having some of the highest mortality rates. Scientists and doctors rely on pathology slides to aid in the discovery of a cure, diagnose patients, and provide treatment. These slides play a crucial role in examining samples and identifying any abnormalities. The primary goal of this project was to analyze pathology slides from 873 cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA). We developed STAIN (Spatial Tumor and Immune Analysis for Novel insights) with the hypothesize that quantitative analysis of cell type specific clusters in the spatial context can lead to novel insights on patient survival. First, we identified tumor and immune cells using a HD-Yolo algorithm. Then we identify tumor clusters and immune cell clusters. Next, descriptive statistics such as Jaccard distance, Hausdorff distance, Wasserstein distance, tumor density, and immune cell density were derived and correlated with the patients survival while adjusting for clinical attributes such as patient age and tumor stage using Cox proportional Hazard models. The results discover spatial attributes and known clinical risk features associated with survival. </p>
Nosemosis negatively affects honeybee survival: experimental and meta-analytic evidence
<p><span>Nosemosis, caused by microsporidian parasites of the genus <em>Nosema</em>, is considered a significant health concern for insect pollinators, including the economically important honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>). Despite its acknowledged importance, the impact of this disease on honeybee survivorship remains unclear. Here, a standard laboratory cage trial was used to compare mortality rates between healthy and <em>Nosema</em>-infected honeybees. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature were conducted to explore how nosemosis contributes to increased mortality in honeybees tested under standard conditions. The review and meta-analysis included 50 studies that reported relevant experiments involving healthy and <em>Nosema</em>-infected individuals. Studies lacking survivorship curves or information on potential moderators, such as spore inoculation dose, age of inoculated bees, or factors that may impact energy expenditure, were excluded. Both the experimental results and meta-analysis revealed a consistent, robust effect of infection, indicating a threefold increase in mortality among the infected group of honeybee workers (hazard ratio for infected individuals = 3.16 [1.97, 5.07] and 2.99 [2.36, 3.79] in the experiment and meta-analysis, respectively). However, the meta-analysis also indicated high heterogeneity in the effect magnitude, which was not explained by our moderators. Furthermore, there was a serious risk of bias within studies and potential publication bias across studies. The findings underscore knowledge gaps in the literature. It is stressed that laboratory cage trials should be viewed as an initial step in evaluating the impact of <em>Nosema</em> on mortality and that complementary field and apiary studies are essential for identifying effective treatments to preserve honeybee populations.</span></p>
Analysis of the survival of agricultural exporting firms in Peru, 2009-2019
<p><strong><span>Background</span></strong><strong><span>: </span></strong><span>At the international level, the survival of exporting companies represents a critical issue in a context of heightened uncertainty and intensified competition within the framework of the country's commercial opening. This is a context in which different companies are born and die as a result of the interaction between the market and other factors. The objective of this research was to analysis of the survival of exporting agricultural companies in Peru, 2009-2019 . To this end, data from the Commission for the Promotion of Peru for Exports and Tourism (Promperu) was utilised.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>The methodological contribution of the research is based on the quantitative approach, of basic type with a descriptive elk; being the population that involves a total of data of the agricultural exporting companies of Peru in the period 2009-2019 and the sample is census and the non-parametric statistical technique used was the Kaplan Meier estimate for the estimation of the survival rate. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>Exports of Peru's non-traditional agricultural sector in FOB value have had an average annual growth of 12% in terms of FOB value and 9% in terms of volume exported</span><strong><span>; </span></strong><span>the entry rate of new agro-exporting agricultural companies reached an average growth of 2.3% and the exit rate reached an average of 2.2% in the period 2009-2019.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions: </span></strong><span>The survival of exporting companies in the non-traditional agricultural sector is critical, where 89% of them survive only one year, while in the second year only 75% survive and in the sixth year only 33% survive.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>Agricultural exporting firms, Export resilience, Economic sustainability, Peru's agricultural exports, Business survival analysis</span></p>
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
<ul> <li>The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species <em>Arnica montana</em> may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought-induced stress on <em>A. montana</em> seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits for the species’ fitness decline.</li> <li>In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated the survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above- and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.</li> <li><em>Arnica montana</em> seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.</li> <li>Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their associations with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number as sensitive traits that can lead to a decline performance.</li> </ul>
Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet <i>quality</i> on adult RMR has not been studied. Using <i>in vitro</i> rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Figure 3 in Effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of the amphipod Hyale crassicornis (Gammaridea, Hyalidae)
Figure 3. Intermoult duration (mean¡SE, n510) of each instar from 1 to 6 in Hyale crassicornis juveniles reared at (a) different temperatures at a salinity of 20 and (b) different salinities at 25°C.
Figure 2 in Effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of the amphipod Hyale crassicornis (Gammaridea, Hyalidae)
Figure 2. Moult increment expressed as percentage increase in body length at each instar from 1 to 6 (mean¡SE, n510) of Hyale crassicornis juveniles reared at (a) different temperatures at a salinity of 20 and (b) different salinities at 25°C.
Figure 1 in Effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of the amphipod Hyale crassicornis (Gammaridea, Hyalidae)
Figure 1. Survival of Hyale crassicornis adults and juveniles after 96 h of exposure to (a) different temperatures at a salinity of 30 and (b) different salinities at 25°C. Values are expressed as mean¡SD of five replicate experiments, each of 10 individuals.
FIG. 4 in Peligrotherium tropicalis (Mammalia, Dryolestida) from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, a survival from a Mesozoic Gondwanan radiation
FIG. 4. — Homologies in upper molars of Mesungulatidae and Peligrotheriidae, and comparison with Periptychidae cheekteeth; A, left M3 of Mesungulatum houssayi Bonaparte & Soria, 1984; B, left M2-3 of Peligrotherium tropicalis Bonaparte, Van Halen & Kramartz, 1993; C, left P3-M3 of Periptychus rhabodon Cope, 1882. Abbreviations: ac, anterior cingulum; asc, anterior stylar cusp; ca, anterior crista; cp, posterior crista; hyo, hypocone; mo, metacone; pa, paracone; pc, posterior cingulum; psc, posterior stylar cusp; po, protocone; sty, stylocone. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, 10 mm.
FIG. 1 in Peligrotherium tropicalis (Mammalia, Dryolestida) from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, a survival from a Mesozoic Gondwanan radiation
FIG. 1. — Peligrotherium tropicalis Bonaparte, Van Valen & Kramartz, 1993, stereopairs in occlusal view; A, right dentary fragment with distal part of m1 alveolus, m2, and fragmentary alveolus of m3 (MLP 90-II-12-60); B, right isolated tooth, probably p4 (MLP 90-II-12-61); C, D, maxillar fragment; C, with right M1-M2; D, with left M1 fragment, M2-M4 and fragmentary alveolus of M5 (MLP 90-II-12-5). Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 5 in Peligrotherium tropicalis (Mammalia, Dryolestida) from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, a survival from a Mesozoic Gondwanan radiation
FIG. 5. — Reconstruction of the occlusion of Peligrotherium tropicalis Bonaparte, Van Halen & Kramartz, 1993; A, right M1- M2 (MLP 90-II-12-58) and right dentary with m1 and m2-3 (UNPSJB PV 914), internal view; B, same specimens in occlusal view. Dotted line represents the lower p4, m1-2 and continuous line upper P4-M1. Abbreviation: pa, paracone. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 1 in Immature development and survival of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on eggs of Tyrophagus curvipenis (Fain & Fauvel) (Acari: Acaridae)
Figure 1 Correlations between the initial prey density and the number of prey consumed by Neoseiulus cucumeris with/without conspecific: (A) males, (B) female. The dashed line, the dotted line, and the solid line represent linear fit to the mites reared in the absence of conspecific, reared with conspecific, male/female pooled together regardless of the presence of conspecific, respectively.
Capture-recapture histories used in our paper "High long-term survival and asymmetric movements in a reintroduced metapopulation of cinereous vultures" published by Ecosphere
<p>These three datasets correspond to the capture-recapture histories used in the E-surge software (in the HEADED format) for both population models (Capture_recapture_histories_ALPS.txt for the Alps and Capture_recapture_histories_CAUSSES.txt for the Causses) and the metapopulation model (Capture_recapture_histories_METAPOPULATION.txt).</p> <p>Columns descriptor:</p> <ul> <li>H:O1 to H:O25 correspond to each occasion (i.e. year)</li> <li>S: correspond to the sample size (i.e. associated number of animals)</li> <li>RC: correspond to the Right Censoring ( -1 if the animal is removed at the last capture or 0 if no right censoring)</li> <li>$COV:Group correspond to the group to which the individual belongs</li> </ul> <p>Individuals were grouped by age (from the 1<sup>st</sup> year until ≥6<sup>th</sup> years), by release status (wild-born / hacking: released juveniles before fledging / aviary: released immatures, sub-adults or adults), by origin (Causses / Alps) and if a missing ring was replaced. All details for the groups are given in the Appendix B for both population models and in the Appendix C for the metapopulation model.</p>
Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection increase offspring quality but impose survival costs to female field crickets
<p><span>Whether sexual selection increases or decreases fitness is under ongoing debate. Sexual selection operates before and after mating. Yet, the effects of each episode of selection on individual reproductive success remain largely unexplored. We ask how disentangled pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection contribute to fitness of field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus. Treatments allowed exclusively for i) pre-copulatory selection, with males fighting and courting one female, and the resulting pair breeding monogamously, ii) post-copulatory selection, with </span>females<span> mating consecutively to multiple males, and iii) relaxed selection, with enforced pair monogamy. While standardizing the number of matings, we estimated a number of fitness traits across treatments and show that females experiencing sexual selection were more likely to reproduce, their offspring hatched sooner, developed faster and had higher body mass at adulthood, but females suffered survival costs. Interestingly, we found no differences in fitness of females or their offspring from pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection treatments. Our findings highlight the potential for sexual selection in enhancing indirect female fitness while concurrently imposing direct survival costs. By potentially outweighing these costs, increased offspring quality could lead to beneficial population-level consequences of sexual selection.</span></p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.